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Re-imagining Policing in Canada
Par Dennis Cooley. 2005
Policing in Canada is in the process of change: similar to other nations in the western world, many of the…
policing services that were provided by public forces in the past are being gradually handed over to private security agencies.Complex networks of policing that reflect a mix of public and private security providers are emerging, and this transformation has serious implications for how Canadians interact with one another. For instance, if residents of a gated community or members of a downtown business association pay for their own policing services rather than relying on the public police, whose law is being enforced?With this collection, Dennis Cooley has brought together some of the top minds in criminology and policing to examine the phenomenon of the changing nature of policing in Canada. The essays describe the character and constitution of security in Canada and explore the implications of these changes in terms of larger questions about power, social control, justice, and law. Wide-ranging and topical, Re-imagining Policing in Canada will prove essential reading for policy-makers and scholars alike.Rehabilitation
Par Tony Ward, Shadd Maruna. 2007
Over the last two decades, empirical evidence has increasingly supported the view that it is possible to reduce re-offending rates…
by rehabilitating offenders rather than simply punishing them. In fact, the pendulum’s swing back from a pure punishment model to a rehabilitation model is arguably one of the most significant events in modern correctional policy. This comprehensive review argues that rehabilitation should focus both on promoting human goods (i.e. providing the offender with the essential ingredients for a 'good' life), as well as reducing/avoiding risk. Offering a succinct summary and critique of the scientific approach to offender rehabilitation, this intriguing volume for students of criminology, sociology and clinical psychology gives a comprehensive evaluation of both the Risk-Need Model and the Good Lives Model. Rehabilitation is a value-laden process involving a delicate balance of the needs and desires of clinicians, clients, the State and the public. Written by two international leading academics in rehabilitation research, this book argues that intervention with offenders is not simply a matter of implementing the best therapeutic technology and leaving political and social debate to politicians and policy makers.Regulation and Criminal Justice
Par Graham Smith, Hannah Quirk, Toby Seddon. 2010
While regulatory institutions and strategies have been the subject of increasing academic attention, there has been limited application of regulatory…
theories to criminal justice scholarship. This collection of essays from a range of outstanding international scholars adopts a critical, inter-disciplinary approach, providing an innovative application of regulatory theory to the practice of criminal justice and offering suggestions for further research. Part I explores the aims and values of criminal justice and other regulatory networks and the synergies and tensions between these fields; Part II examines criminal justice as a regulatory force to control 'deviant' and anti-social behaviour and Part III examines the regulation and oversight of criminal justice through the operation of prison inspectorates and explores notions of responsive justice.Regulating Government Ethics
Par Chonghao Wu. 2016
This book examines government ethics rules and their enforcement in China (as well as in three other jurisdictions for comparative…
insights). Empirical research methods (involving primarily semi-structured interviews) were employed to explore the dynamics of actual enforcement policies and practices in China. This book formed an analytical framework through reviewing existing theories on government ethics regulation and general regulation literature and analyzing government ethics rules in the US, the UK, and Hong Kong. Using this framework, it seeks to explore the patterns and features of government ethics rules and their enforcement in China. It shows that the inadequacy of government ethics rules per se and the deterrence-oriented criminal enforcement style of government ethics regulation are important but ignored elements of the problem of rampant corruption in China. Such analysis has generated important and practical policy implications for China's government ethics rules and their enforcement.Reflexivity in Criminological Research
Par Karen Lumsden, Aaron Winter. 2014
Doing research with criminals or deviants has inspired much academic reflection, particularly in respect of the risks and dangers which…
researchers may face in these contexts, as well as the ethical, legal and moral dilemmas they provoke. This collection contributes to, advances and consolidates discussions of the range of methods and approaches in criminology through the presentation of diverse international case studies in which the authors reflect upon their experiences with both powerless and/or powerful individuals/groups. Reflexivity, and the need to be reflexive, permeates all criminological research and the chapters in this collection cover various aspects of this, including gaining access to the field, building relationships with the researched, the impact of the researcher's identity on the research (including gender, class and race), ethics, risk, bias and partisanship, policy implications, and how to disseminate findings and 'give voice' to the researched. A range of research settings are drawn from including those typically involving the powerful, such as state institutions, courts and prisons, to those typically conceived of as powerless, such as deviant and dangerous individuals as well as subcultures including boy racers and hooligans. Research participants defined as vulnerable, for example victims of crime, are also considered. This comprehensive collection explores a variety of methods including interviews, participant observation, virtual ethnography and feminist research. Acknowledging the fluid nature of power relations and dynamics, this volume will be a valuable resource to scholars of criminology and sociology.Realist Criminology
Par Roger Matthews. 2014
This book challenges contemporary criminological thinking, providing a thorough critique of mainstream criminology, including both liberal criminology and administrative criminology.…
It sets a new agenda for theoretical and practical engagement, and for creating a more effective and just criminal justice system.Rape: Challenging Contemporary Thinking
Par Jennifer Brown, Miranda Horvath. 2009
Rape remains one of the most controversial issues within criminal justice and receives high profile coverage internationally. Despite the many…
changes there have been to the law, practice and procedure in the investigation of rape allegations, and support available for victims, victims are routinely blamed for their victimization. Only a very small number of perpetrators ever face prosecution, let alone conviction. This book aims to take stock of current thinking and research about rape and the way it is handled in practice within the criminal justice system, and to challenge some of the widely held but inaccurate beliefs about rape. It brings together leading researchers in the field from psychology, sociology and law, considering new research and presenting new data from a strong theoretical and contextual base. The main focus of the book is on adult victims of rape, with chapters exploring such issues as rape and the media, the use of alcohol and drugs in rape, police decision making on rape cases, conviction patterns in rape trials, and interviewing victims of rape and sexual assault.Punishment and the History of Political Philosophy
Par Arthur Shuster. 2016
Contemporary philosophy still lacks a satisfying theory of punishment, one that adequately addresses our basic moral concerns. Yet, as the…
crisis of incarceration in the United States and elsewhere shows, the need for a deeper understanding of punishment's purpose has never been greater.In Punishment and the History of Political Philosophy, Arthur Shuster offers an insightful study of punishment in the works of Plato, Hobbes, Montesquieu, Beccaria, Kant, and Foucault. Through careful interpretation of their key texts, he argues that continuing tensions over retribution's role in punishment reflect the shift in political philosophy from classical republicanism to modern notions of individual natural rights and the social contract.This book will be vital reading for political theorists, philosophers, criminologists, and legal scholars looking for a new perspective on the moral challenges faced by the modern criminal justice system.Punishment and Politics
Par Michael Tonry. 2004
Labour has embarked upon a root and branch remaking of the criminal justice system in England and Wales, with a…
mass of new legislation implemented or planned. It has ensured a continuously high profile for criminal justice issues, and they have been at the centre of wider political discourse. Yet the basis and evidence on which these reforms are being introduced is both uncertain and highly controversial. Despite spending tens of millions of pounds of research into the criminal justice system in the name of evidence-based policy, evidence has counted only in relation to lowlevel technocratic issues. On the big issues the clear weight of evidence points in opposite directions to those which the government has taken. The primary drivers of recent policies have rather been the emulation of recent USA policies (at a time when these are now being abandoned in the USA because they have been shown to be ineffective); and a media-driven agenda with a focus on conspicuous crime prevention which have had the effect of heightening rather than assuaging public fears and concerns. This provocative yet authoritative book seeks to expose and to unravel what has really driven the making of criminal justice policy in the UK. It will be essential reading for anybody interested in knowing what is going on in criminal justice, and why it is so central to political debate more generally.Publications of the German Historical Institute: Thieves in Court
Par Rebekka Habermas, Kathleen Mitchell Dell’Orto. 2016
From the seemingly insignificant theft of some bread and a dozen apples in nineteenth century rural Germany, to the high…
courts and modern-day property laws, this English-language translation of Habermas' Diebe vor Gericht explores how everyday incidents of petty stealing and the ordinary people involved in these cases came to shape the current legal system. Habermas draws from an unusual cache of archival documents of theft cases, tracing the evolution and practice of the legal system of Germany through the nineteenth century. This close reading, relying on approaches of legal anthropology, challenges long-standing narratives of legal development, state building, and modern notions of the rule of law. Ideal for legal historians and scholars of modern German and nineteenth-century European history, this innovative volume steps outside the classic narratives of legal history and gives an insight into the interconnectedness of social, legal and criminal history.The Psychology of Criminal Conduct
Par D. A. Andrews, James Bonta. 2010
The Psychology of Criminal Conduct, Fifth Edition, discusses the psychology of criminal behavior, drawing upon general personality, as well as…
cognitive-behavioral and cognitive social learning perspectives. The book consists of 15 chapters, which are organized into four sections. Part 1 provides an overview of theoretical context and major knowledge base of the psychology of criminal conduct. Part 2 discusses the eight major risk/need factors of criminal conduct. Part 3 examines the prediction and classification of criminal behavior, along with prevention and rehabilitation. Part 4 summarizes the major issues in understanding criminal conduct. In addition to senior undergraduate students, graduate students, and professionals in psychology, this book may be helpful to students and practitioners in the fields of social work, sociology, education, health, youth and family studies, criminology, and youth and adult justice. The book is also accessible to members of the general public who are interested in understanding antisocial behavior. Resource notes throughout explain important concepts. Technical notes at the back of the book allow the advanced student to explore complex research without distracting readers from the main points. An acronym index is also provided.Psicologia do Maltrato
Par Juan Moises de la Serna, Ana Paula Ruth Lima. 2017
Neste e-book aborda-se uma das problemáticas mais importantes de nossa época, o maltrato, seja este físico ou psicológico, desde uma…
nova perspectiva. Este e-book ajudará a conhecer uma realidade da que escassamente se fala além dos círculos de especialistas em saúde e segurança, e que abrange todo o ciclo da vida. O maltrato e os abusos em suas diversas formas irão marcar de maneira diferencial a cada indivíduo, apesar dos esforços que se realizam por parte das autoridades para frear manchas sociais como a violência de gênero.The Projects
Par James Diego Vigil. 1983
The Pico Gardens housing development in East Los Angeles has a high percentage of resident families with a history of…
persistent poverty, gang involvement, and crime. In some families, members of three generations have belonged to gangs. Many other Pico Gardens families, however, have managed to avoid the cycle of gang involvement. In this work, Vigil adds to the tradition of poverty research and elaborates on the association of family dynamics and gang membership. The main objective of his research was to discover what factors make some families more vulnerable to gang membership, and why gang resistance was evidenced in similarly situated non-gang-involved families. Providing rich, in-depth interviews and observations, Vigil examines the wide variations in income and social capital that exist among the ostensibly poor, mostly Mexican American residents. Vigil documents how families connect and interact with social agencies in greater East Los Angeles to help chart the routines and rhythms of the lives of public housing residents. He presents family life histories to augment and provide texture to the quantitative information. By studying life in Pico Gardens, Vigil feels we can better understand how human agency interacts with structural factors to produce the reality that families living in all public housing developments must contend with daily.Preventive Justice and the Power of Policy Transfer
Par James Thomas Ogg. 2015
This book explores the nature of criminal justice policy and decision making during a period of complex reform. Recent…
shifts in criminal law and criminal justice policy have resulted in an increased use of preventive measures (orders and detention), which have led to claims of a 'preventive state' or 'preventive justice'. This book assesses how measures introduced to control minor crime and anti-social behaviour (such as the iconic 'ASBO') have incrementally spread into quite distinct areas of crime control such as organised crime and terrorism. Preventive Justice and the Power of Policy Transfer demonstrates how a preventive justice system can be constructed by the ad hoc actions of policy-makers (often with good intentions) as time-poor executives and politicians demand rapid policy responses, and public scrutiny of their actions strengthens every day. As policy-makers look first (and easily) for existing policy solutions which could be adapted from elsewhere, policy transfer becomes increasingly central to policy development.Preventing Sexual Violence
Par Nicola Henry, Anastasia Powell. 2014
While there is much agreement about the scope of sexual violence, how to go about preventing it before it occurs…
is the subject of much debate. This unique interdisciplinary collection investigates the philosophy and practice of primary prevention of sexual violence within education institutions and the broader community.Preventing Crime and Violence
Par Brent Teasdale, Mindy S. Bradley. 2017
This insightful volume integrates criminological theories, prevention science, and empirical findings to create an up-to-date survey of crime prevention research…
and strategies. Its interdisciplinary perspective expands on our knowledge of risk factors to isolate the malleable mechanisms that produce criminal outcomes, and can therefore be targeted for intervention. In addition, the text identifies developmental, lifespan, and social areas for effective intervention. Reviews of family-, community-, and criminal justice-based crime prevention approaches not only detail a wide gamut of successful techniques, but also provide evidence for why they succeed. And as an extra research dimension, the book's chapters on methodological issues and challenges uncover rich possibilities for the next generation of crime prevention studies. Included in the coverage: Integrating criminology and prevention research Social disorganization theory: its history and relevance to crime prevention Research designs in crime and violence prevention Macro- and micro-approaches to crime prevention and intervention programs Implications of life course: approaches for prevention science Promising avenues for prevention, including confronting sexual victimization on college campuses Spotlighting current progress and continuing evolution of the field, Preventing Crime and Violence will enhance the work of researchers, practitioners, academicians, and policymakers in public health, prevention science, criminology, and criminal justice, as well as students interested in criminology and criminal justice.Preventing Child Sexual Abuse: Evidence, Policy and Practice (Crime Science Series)
Par Stephen Smallbone, William L. Marshall, Richard Wortley. 2008
Public policy responses to child sexual abuse are dominated by interventions designed to take effect only after offenders have already…
begun offending, and after children have already been sexually abused. Comparatively little attention has been given to alternative prevention strategies – particularly to those aimed at preventing sexual abuse before it might otherwise occur. Considerable knowledge has been accumulated on the characteristics, modus operandi and persistence of offenders, the characteristics, circumstances and outcomes for victims, and the physical and social settings in which sexual abuse occurs, but little work has been done to systematically apply this knowledge to prevention.This book aims to fulfill this objective through integrating clinical and criminological concepts and knowledge to inform a more comprehensive and effective public policy approach to preventing child sexual abuse. Empirical and theoretical knowledge concerning child sexual abuse is integrated with broader developments in evidence-based crime and child maltreatment prevention, leading to new ideas about understanding and preventing child sexual abuse. This book will be essential reading for anybody with interests in this field.Post 9/11 and the State of Permanent Legal Emergency
Par Aniceto Masferrer. 2011
The terrorist attacks occurred in the United States on 11 September 2001 have profoundly altered and reshaped the priorities of…
criminal justice systems around the world. Atrocities like the 9/11 attacks, the Madrid train bombings of March 2003, and the terrorist act to the United Kingdom of July 2005 threatened the life of democratic nations. The volume explores the response of democratic nation-states to the problems of terrorism and counter-terrorism within the framework of the Rule of Law. One of the primary subjects of study is the ways in which the interests of the state (security from external threats, the maintenance of civil peace, and the promotion of the commonwealth) are balanced or not with the liberty and freedom of the citizens of the state. The distinctive aspect of this focus is that it brings a historical, political, philosophical and comparative approach to the contemporary shape and purposes of the criminal justice systems around the world.The Polygraph And Lie Detection
Par Committee to Review the Scientific Evidence on the Polygraph. 2003
The polygraph, often portrayed as a magic mind-reading machine, is still controversial among experts, who continue heated debates about its…
validity as a lie-detecting device. As the nation takes a fresh look at ways to enhance its security, can the polygraph be considered a useful tool? The Polygraph and Lie Detection puts the polygraph itself to the test, reviewing and analyzing data about its use in criminal investigation, employment screening, and counter-intelligence. The book looks at: The theory of how the polygraph works and evidence about how deceptiveness — and other psychological conditions — affect the physiological responses that the polygraph measures. Empirical evidence on the performance of the polygraph and the success of subjects’ countermeasures. The actual use of the polygraph in the arena of national security, including its role in deterring threats to security. The book addresses the difficulties of measuring polygraph accuracy, the usefulness of the technique for aiding interrogation and for deterrence, and includes potential alternatives — such as voice-stress analysis and brain measurement techniques.A Political Ecology of Youth and Crime
Par Derrick Armstrong, Dorothy Bottrell, Alan France. 2012
This book explores young people's 'nested' and 'political' ecological relationships with crime through an empirical investigation of the important 'places'…
and 'spaces' in young people's lives; in their social relationships with peers and family members; and within formal institutional systems such as education, youth justice and social care.