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Situated Cognition Research: Methodological Foundations (Studies in Brain and Mind #23)
Par Mark-Oliver Casper, Giuseppe Flavio Artese. 2023
This volume assembles supporters and critics of situated cognition research to evaluate the intricacies, prerequisites, possibilities, and scope of a…
4E methodology. The contributions are divided into three categories. The first category entails papers dealing with a 4E methodology from the perspective of epistemology and philosophy of science. It discusses whether to support explanatory pluralism or explanatory unification and focuses on possible compromises between ecological psychology and enactivism. The second category addresses ontological questions regarding the synchronic and diachronic constitution of cognitive phenomena, the localization of cognitive processes, and the theoretical issue of mutual manipulability. The third category analyzes how the theoretical and practical commitments of 4E approaches lead to empirically supported investigations of different phenomena, such as research on affordances and (chronic) pain. The book renews attention to the possible adverse consequences coming along with methodical fragmentation, as found among 4E positions. It provides an overdue first step towards a systematic and positive answer to methodological concerns in situated cognition research. Without this and further steps in the future, the growth of 4E´s significance for the scientific study of the mind might stall or even decrease. With such steps, situated cognition research could realize its frequently highlighted but so far not comprehensively accessed potential to change radically the modalities of how cognitive phenomena are studied. This volume is of interest to scholars of the philosophy of mind.Xenocracy: State, Class, and Colonialism in the Ionian Islands, 1815-1864
Par Sakis Gekas. 2016
Of the many European territorial reconfigurations that followed the wars of the early nineteenth century, the Ionian State remains among…
the least understood. Xenocracy offers a much-needed account of the region during its half-century as a Protectorate of Great Britain—a period that embodied all of the contradictions of British colonialism. A middle class of merchants, lawyers and state officials embraced and promoted a liberal modernization project. Yet despite the improvements experienced by many Ionians, the deterioration of state finances led to divisions along class lines and presented a significant threat to social stability. As author Sakis Gekas shows, the ordeal engendered dependency upon and ambivalence toward Western Europe, anticipating the “neocolonial” condition with which the Greek nation struggles even today.In the Shadow of the Great War: Physical Violence in East-Central Europe, 1917–1923
Par Jochen Böhler, Ota Konrád, and Rudolf Kučera. 2024
Whether victorious or not, Central European states faced fundamental challenges after the First World War as they struggled to contain…
ongoing violence and forge peaceful societies. This collection explores the various forms of violence these nations confronted during this period, which effectively transformed the region into a laboratory for state-building. Employing a bottom-up approach to understanding everyday life, these studies trace the contours of individual and mass violence in the interwar era while illuminating their effects upon politics, intellectual developments, and the arts.Angstwesen Mensch: Furcht, Ängste, Angst und was sie bedeuten
Par Bärbel Frischmann. 2023
Angst begleitet uns überallhin und jederzeit. Sie gehört zum Menschen. Der Mensch ist ein Angstwesen, und dies prägt sein Verhältnis…
zur Welt, zu anderen und zu sich selbst. Um die Bedeutung der verschiedenen Ängstigungsweisen zu erläutern, wird eine Unterscheidung von drei Grundfunktionen, affektive Furcht, gefühlte Ängste und geistige Angst, vorgeschlagen. Sie stellen jeweils spezifische Ausprägungen der überlebenswichtigen Gefahrenbewältigung dar, die beim Menschen nicht nur die körperliche Schutzfunktion umfasst, sondern auch durch gedankliche Antizipation möglicher Risiken und Bedrohungen geprägt ist. Aber vor allem die Angstgefühle können aus dem Gleichgewicht geraten, als leidvoll erlebt werden und sogar pathologisch werden. Deshalb soll am Ende auch die Hoffnung formuliert werden, dass Menschen die geistige Kraft besitzen, ihre Ängste sinnvoll in ihr Leben einzuordnen. Für eine differenzierte Sicht auf die Thematik werden zum einen einschlägige Theorien von Biologie über Psychologie bis Soziologie und Philosophie herangezogen, zum anderen die gewonnenen Ergebnisse mit Blick auf gesellschaftliche, politische und ideologisch-weltanschauliche Anwendungsbereiche vertieft.Terrores Nocturnos. España misteriosa
Par Emma Entrena, Silvia Ortiz. 2023
ADÉNTRATE EN LA ESPAÑA MÁS ENIGMÁTICA JUNTO A TERRORES NOCTURNOS, EL PÓDCAST REVELACIÓN EN EL ÁMBITO DEL MISTERIO. TE DAMOS…
LA BIENVENIDA A TUS NUEVAS PESADILLAS España es tierra de misterios y leyendas. La Santa Compaña, el hombre del saco o los fantasmas del Museo Reina Sofía son solo algunos ejemplos de los mitos y los sucesos que se entretejen en el devenir de nuestra historia.En este libro, las periodistas Emma Entrena y Silvia Ortiz se adentran en este legado de horror. Con la rigurosidad que las caracteriza, nos ofrecen un viaje por los grandes misterios de la geografía española, por las criaturas que acechan en nuestro inconsciente y por los monstruos, en ocasiones demasiado humanos, que han dejado huella en nuestro pasado.On the Power and Limits of Empathy
Par Manuel Camassa. 2024
This book has two main objectives. The first is to identify and adequately describe the phenomenon of empathy. This essentially…
means offering a strong, reasoned and accurate description of the phenomenon of empathy in order to capture the essence of the empathic phenomenon and clearly distinguish it from other similar emotional phenomena such as sympathy or compassion The second part focuses on the role that this phenomenon can play on the ethical-moral level. The question is whether empathy is necessary or at least important for morality, and if so, to what extent, in what way and for what reasons. This is an open access book.Multidisciplinary Knowledge Production and Research Methods in Sub-Saharan Africa: Language, Literature and Religion
Par Ernest Jakaza, Esther Mavengano, Tobias Marevesa. 2023
This book, Multidisciplinary Knowledge Production and Research Methods in Sub-Saharan Africa: Language, Literature and Religion, contributes to the polemical conversations about existing architectures…
of knowledge and research practices in postcolonial sub-Saharan Africa. It creates an academic platform for multi-interdisciplinary research that brings to the fore inspiring efforts to break away from long-standing disciplinary bordering thinking and practices in modern-day sub-Saharan Africa. This distinctive edited collection is a valuable resource for scholars, researchers and students of multi-interdisciplinary research across the globe. The volume also promotes wide-ranging research focused on how to address complexities which hamper the promise of multi-interdisciplinary research in contemporary sub-Saharan African contexts. It provides thought-provoking perspectives on academic conversations about the uniqueness of embracing multidisciplinary research. The traditional methods of interpretation are challenged by the radical emerging demand to shift from a mono-disciplinary thinking to a cross-disciplinary epistemic endeavour in order to successfully address unfolding problematic realities that demand the pursuit of novel heuristic terrains.The Routledge Handbook of Muslim Iberia
Par Maribel Fierro. 2020
This handbook offers an overview of the main issues regarding the political, economic, social, religious, intellectual and artistic history of…
the Iberian Peninsula during the period of Muslim rule (eighth–fifteenth centuries). A comprehensive list of primary and secondary sources attests the vitality of the academic study of al-Andalus (= Muslim Iberia) and its place in present-day discussions about the past and the present. The contributors are all specialists with diverse backgrounds providing different perspectives and approaches. The volume includes chapters dealing with the destiny of the Muslim population after the Christian conquest and with the posterity of al-Andalus in art, literature and different historiographical traditions. The chapters are organised in the following sections: Political history, concentrating on rulers and armies Social, religious and economic groups Intellectual and cultural developments Legacy and memory of al-Andalus Offering a synthetic and updated academic treatment of the history and society of Muslim Iberia, this comprehensive and up-to-date collection provides an authoritative and interdisciplinary guide. It is a valuable resource for both specialists and the general public interested in the history of the Iberian Peninsula, Islamic and Medieval studies.Can the intellect or the intellectual faculty be its own object of thought, or can it not think or apprehend…
itself? This book explores the ancient treatments of the question of self-intellection - an important theme in ancient epistemology and of considerable interest to later philosophical thought. The manner in which the ancients dealt with the intellect apprehending itself, took them into both the metaphysical and epistemological domains with reflections on questions of thinking, identity and causality. Ian Crystal traces the origins from which the concept of self-intellection springs, by examining Plato's account of the epistemic subject and the emergence of self-intellection through the Aristotelian account, before the final part of the book explores the problem of how the intellect apprehends itself, and its resolution including Plotinus' reformulation and the dilemma raised by Sextus Empiricus. Crystal concludes that Plotinus recasts the metaphysical structures of Plato and Aristotle in such a way that he casts the concept of self-intellection in an entirely new light and offers a solution to the problem.The Routledge Handbook of the Ethics of Human Enhancement (Routledge Handbooks in Applied Ethics)
Par Fabrice Jotterand and Marcello Ienca. 2023
The Routledge Handbook of the Ethics of Human Enhancement provides readers with a philosophically rich and scientifically grounded analysis of…
human enhancement and its ethical implications. A landmark in the academic literature, the volume covers human enhancement in genetic engineering, neuroscience, synthetic biology, regenerative medicine, bioengineering, and many other fields. The Handbook includes a diverse and multifaceted collection of 30 chapters—all appearing here in print for the first time— that reveal the fundamental ethical challenges related to human enhancement. The chapters have been written by internationally recognized leaders in the field and are organized into seven parts: Historical Background and Key Concepts Human Enhancement and Human Nature Physical Enhancement Cognitive Enhancement Mood Enhancement and Moral Enhancement Human Enhancement and Medicine Legal, Social, and Political Implications The depth and topical range of the Handbook makes it an essential resource for upper-level undergraduates, graduate students, and postdoctoral fellows in a broad variety of disciplinary areas. Furthermore, it is an authoritative reference for basic scientists, philosophers, engineers, physicians, lawyers, and other professionals who work on the topic of human enhancement.The Petite Bourgeoisie in Europe 1780-1914: Enterprise, Family And Independence (Routledge Library Editions: The Victorian World)
Par Heinz-Gerhard Haupt, Geoffrey Crossick. 1995
First published in 1995. Geoffrey Crossick and Heinz-Gerhard Haupt provide a major overview of the social, economic, cultural and political…
development of the petite bourgeoisie in eighteenth-, nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Europe. Through comparative analysis the authors examine issues such as the centrality of small enterprise to industrial change, the importance of family and locality to the petit-bourgeois world, the search for stability and status, and the associated political move to the right. This title will be of interest to students of history.Kafka: His Mind and Art (Routledge Revivals)
Par Charles Neider. 1949
First published in 1949, Kafka: His Mind and Art begins with an extended analysis of the Kafka literature, with emphasis…
on its shortcomings and their effect on Kafka’s vogue. Chapter two presents in broad terms a new aspect of Kafka which after the biographical chapter, chapter three, is studied in detail for the next two chapters. Up to this point the treatment does not presuppose a special key, but in chapters six and seven the secret key is discussed. To avoid confusion and unnecessary complications, the discussion of the key and its implications is delayed until more traditional ground has been covered. The author argues that it is appropriate to indicate only that the expressionist movement was not solely religious, that it arose from a dissatisfaction with a stagnant, spiritless society as well as with current modes in art and literature, and that Kafka avoided identifying himself- at least in his work- with any of the three or four factions of the movement. This is an important historical document for students of literature.Eastern Europe: 1968-1984 (Routledge Revivals)
Par Olga A. Narkiewicz. 1986
First Published in 1986 Eastern Europe 1968-1984 has been written in response to renewed interest in Eastern European events in…
the 60s and 70s. In writing this work the author concentrated on changes in the system in the post-Stalinist period, which were intended to reduce the political, economic, and social contradictions but have often accentuated them instead. The book brings themes like balance of power; Eastern Europe’s new economics; patterns of normalization; the CMEA’s economy and world recession; perception of Eastern Europe in the West; and East-West German rapprochement. This is an important read for students and researchers of East European Politics, East European history and International Relations.Beauvoir and Politics: A Toolkit
Par Liesbeth Schoonheim, Karen Vintges. 2024
Approaching Simone de Beauvoir’s feminism and social commentary as a resource to understand our current crises, Beauvoir and Politics: A…
Toolkit brings together established and emerging scholars to apply her insights to gender studies, political philosophy, decolonisation, intellectual history, age theory, and critical phenomenology. The essays in this collection start from key concepts in Beauvoir’s oeuvre and relate them to contemporary debates, asking how her notion of ambiguity speaks to lived experiences that have been highly politicized in recent years, such as pregnancy, old age, sexual violence, and the exposure of black and brown bodies to police violence; how myths inform our notions of collective, national identities, as well as notions of masculinity and femininity; and how she provides conceptual tools that help to theorize the various political strategies that are used to challenge gendered and racialized systems of oppression. These and other issues are central to this critical appraisal of Beauvoir’s legacy, demonstrating the contemporary relevance of her thought as it diagnoses the present and looks toward change for a better future. This book will be of great interest to undergraduate and postgraduate students looking to engage with the political content of Simone de Beauvoir’s work and the timely application of her ideas.The Militarization of European Space Policy (Space Power and Politics)
Par Iraklis Oikonomou, Thomas Hoerber. 2023
This book is focused on militarization as the nucleus of EU space policy and the interrelatedness of European security, industrial…
competitiveness, and military capabilities in the shaping of this policy. The EU and key member states have increasingly joined the US, China and Russia, among others, in regarding space assets as critical military, as well as economic, industrial, and technological, enablers. This book tackles this issue by, first, shedding light on the military aspects of EU space policy, with special emphasis on the security and defence dimensions of projects such as Galileo, Copernicus, Space Situational Awareness, and Satellite Communication. In this context, contributors confront the empirical aspect of developments, including the role of different institutional actors and the involvement of specific member states. Further, the volume analyses the discursive, ideological, normative, and theoretical foundations of the use of space by the EU for strategic purposes, drawing on the broad spectrum of European integration/International Relations theory. Last, but not least, the volume discusses initiatives outside the EU by key global space players, with an emphasis on the US and transatlantic space relations. All chapters maintain a solid empirical foundation, in the form of geographical or issue-related focus, with an area-specific emphasis on the EU as a whole, transatlantic relations, the policies of key member states (such as France and Italy), and core space powers such as the US, China and India. This book will be of much interest to students of space power, security studies, European politics and International Relations.Globale Ressourcenpolitik: Eine Einführung (Elemente der Politik)
Par Jasper Jonathan Finkeldey. 2023
Dieses Lehrbuch setzt sich mit den zentralen Institutionen, Akteuren und politischen Prozessen um die globale Verteilung und Nutzung kritischer natürlicher…
Ressourcen auseinander. Einige Stimmen sehen die Welt bereits im Zeitalter der Ressourcenkriege angekommen, andere betonen, dass Ressourcenknappheit auch zu neuen Kooperationen im internationalen System führe. Unter dem Begriff „natürlicher Ressourcen“ werden sowohl nachwachsende (z.B. Getreideprodukte, Holz) sowie nicht-nachwachsende Ressourcen (z.B. Rohöl oder Erdgas) gefasst, deren Verteilung und Nutzung politischen und ökonomischen Prozesse unterliegen.Die Lust auf Neues: Ein Essay über Kreativität
Par Peter Rinderle. 2023
Vor dem Hintergrund der Tatsache, dass innovatives Handeln in der Gegenwart eine große Wertschätzung erfährt, unternimmt das Buch eine Untersuchung…
des Begriffs, des Ursprungs, des Werts und der Spielarten der Kreativität. Kreativität ist immer ein bewusstes Menschenwerk, das überraschende Neuigkeiten hervorbringt; dabei können solche Neuigkeiten durchaus unterschiedlich bewertet werden und auch ihre Schattenseiten haben. Zur Anwendung kommt die Lust auf Neues in allen Bereichen des Lebens – in den Künsten und in den Wissenschaften, im Privatleben und in der Politik, bei Beziehungen zu anderen Personen und bei der Beziehung zu uns selbst. Das Buch geht detailliert auf die multiplen Facetten des Phänomens ein. Ob auch künstliche Intelligenzen zu kreativen Leistungen in der Lage sind, ist heute eine wichtige und stark umstrittene Frage, deren Antwort nicht zuletzt vom Begriff der Kreativität abhängen wird. Als besonders förderlich für die Ausbildung und Ausübung einer Lust auf Neues haben sich das Nichtstun, die Langeweile und Tagträumereien erwiesen.State Secrecy and Democracy: A Philosophical Inquiry (Routledge Focus on Philosophy)
Par Dorota Mokrosinska. 2024
In the wake of controversial disclosures of classified government information by WikiLeaks and Edward Snowden, questions about the democratic status…
of secret uses of political power are rarely far from the headlines. Despite an increase in initiatives aimed at enhancing government transparency – such as freedom of information or sunshine laws – secrecy persists in both the foreign and domestic policy of democratic states, in the form of classified intelligence programs, espionage, secret military operations, diplomatic discretion, closed-door political bargaining, and bureaucratic opacity. This book explores whether the state’s claim to restrict access to information can be justified. Dorota Mokrosinska answers this question with a qualified "yes," arguing that secrecy in exercising executive and legislative power can be seen as a legitimate exercise of democratic authority rather than as its justified suspension. Past and recent examples of state secrecy are used throughout the book, including the Manhattan Project, decision-making leading to the Iraq War, the extraordinary renditions programs and secret detention sites in Eastern Europe, collaboration between international secret services, and the WikiLeaks and Snowden disclosures. State Secrecy and Democracy: A Philosophical Inquiry is essential reading for those in political philosophy, ethics, politics, international relations and security studies, and law.Historiography and Mythography in the Aristotelian Mirabilia (Rutgers University Studies in Classical Humanities)
Par Robert Mayhew, Stefan Schorn. 2024
This is the first full-length volume in English that focuses on the historiographical section of the Mirabilia or De mirabilibus…
auscultationibus (On Marvelous Things Heard), attributed to Aristotle but not in fact by him. The central section of the Mirabilia, namely §§ 78–151, for the most part deals with historiographical material, with many of its entries having some relationship to ancient Greek historians of the 4th and 3rd centuries BC. The chapters in this volume discuss various aspects of this portion of the text, including textual issues involving toponyms; possible structural principles behind the organization of this section; the passages on Theopompus and Timaeus; mythography; the philosopher Heracleides of Pontos; Homeric exegesis; and the interrelationship between pseudo-Plutarch’s On Rivers, a section of the historian Stobaeus’ Geography, and the Mirabilia. Historiography and Mythography in the Aristotelian Mirabilia is an invaluable resource for scholars and students of this text, and of Greek philosophy, historiography, and literature more broadly.Thinking about Stories: An Introduction to Philosophy of Fiction
Par Samuel Lebens, Tatjana Von Solodkoff. 2023
Thinking About Stories is a fun and thought-provoking introduction to philosophical questions about narrative fiction in its many forms, from…
highbrow literature to pulp fiction to the latest shows on Netflix. Written by philosophers Samuel Lebens and Tatjana von Solodkoff, it engages with fundamental questions about fiction, such as: What is it? What does it give us? Does a story need a narrator? And why do sad stories make us cry if we know they aren’t real? The format of the book emulates a lively, verbal exchange: each chapter has only one author while the other appears spontaneously in dialogues in the text along the way, raising questions and voicing criticisms, and inviting responses from their co-author. This unique format allows readers to feel like they are a part of the conversation about the philosophical foundations of some of the fictions in their own lives. Key Features Draws on a wide range of types of narrative fiction, from Harry Potter to Breakfast of Champions to Parks and Recreation. Explores how fiction, despite its detachment from truth, is often best able to teach us important things about the world in which we live. Concludes by asking in the final chapter whether we all might be fictions. Includes bibliographies and suggested reading lists in each chapter.