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Proceedings of the 30th International Laser Radar Conference (Springer Atmospheric Sciences)
Par John T. Sullivan, Thierry Leblanc, Sara Tucker, Belay Demoz, Edwin Eloranta, Chris Hostetler, Shoken Ishii, Lucia Mona, Fred Moshary, Alexandros Papayannis, Krishna Rupavatharam. 2023
This volume presents papers from the biennial International Laser Radar Conference (ILRC), the world’s leading event in the field of…
atmospheric research using lidar. With growing environmental concerns to address such as air quality deterioration, stratospheric ozone depletion, extreme weather events, and changing climate, the lidar technique has never been as critical as it is today to monitor, alert, and help solve current and emerging problems of this century. The 30th occurrence of the ILRC unveils many of the newest results and discoveries in atmospheric science and laser remote sensing technology. The 30th ILRC conference program included all contemporary ILRC themes, leveraging on both the past events’ legacy and the latest advances in lidar technologies and scientific discoveries, with participation by young scientists particularly encouraged. This proceedings volume includes a compilation of cutting-edge research on the following themes: new lidar techniques and methodologies; measurement of clouds and aerosol properties; atmospheric temperature, wind, turbulence, and waves; atmospheric boundary layer processes and their role in air quality and climate; greenhouse gases, tracers, and transport in the free troposphere and above; the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere; synergistic use of multiple instruments and techniques, networks and campaigns; model validation and data assimilation using lidar measurements; space-borne lidar missions, instruments and science; ocean lidar instrumentation, techniques, and retrievals; and past, present and future synergy of heterodyne and direct detection lidar applications. In addition, special sessions celebrated 50 years of lidar atmospheric observations since the first ILRC, comprising review talks followed by a plenary discussion on anticipated future directions.Quantum Critical Phenomena of Valence Transition: Heavy Fermion Metals and Related Systems (Springer Tracts in Modern Physics #289)
Par Shinji Watanabe, Kazumasa Miyake. 2023
This book comprehensively presents an unconventional quantum criticality caused by valence fluctuations, which offers theoretical understanding of unconventional Fermi-liquid properties…
in cerium- and ytterbium-based heavy fermion metals including CeCu2(Si,Ge)2 and CeRhIn5 under pressure, and quasicrystal β-YbAlB4 and Yb15Al34Au51. The book begins with an introduction to fundamental concepts for heavy fermion systems, valence fluctuation, and quantum phase transition, including self-consistent renormalization group theory. A subsequent chapter is devoted to a comprehensive description of the theory of the unconventional quantum criticality based on a valence transition, featuring explicit temperature dependence of various physical quantities, which allows for comparisons to relevant experiments. Lastly, it discusses how ubiquitous the valence fluctuation is, presenting candidate materials not only in heavy fermions, but also in strongly correlated electrons represented by high-Tc superconductor cuprates. Introductory chapters provide useful materials for learning fundamentals of heavy fermion systems and their theory. Further, experimental topics relevant to valence fluctuations are valuable resources for those who are new to the field to easily catch up with experimental background and facts.Photographing the Deep Sky: Images in Space and Time
Par Chris Baker. 2018
Spectacular nebulae where stars are born, beautiful star clusters from the early formation of the Milky Way, and galaxies as…
far as a billion light years away, all feature in this book of stunning images from astrophotographer Chris Baker.The author takes the reader on a journey through time and space to the Deep Sky, far beyond our Solar System. It is a pictorial description of the awe-inspiring wondrous objects that exist out there."The images are of objects from hundreds to many millions of light years away; distances of such enormity are hard for our minds to grasp. The book presents fascinating information on what the Earth was like when the light started its earth-bound journey through space.For example, as the light left the Andromeda Galaxy 2.5 million years ago on its interstellar journey to Chriss telescope, the Himalayas are still being raised and Polar Bears roam Britain.Chapters are included describing the basics of astrophotography, as modern telescopes and cameras make this a rewarding hobby well within reach of the amateur astronomer. Chris describes his observatory in the mountains of Spain along with practical guidance on how to get started in astrophotography.With a concise, clear discussion on the background of astronomical science, this is above all, a book to celebrate the beauty and fascination of space.This book presents a new way of thinking about quantum mechanics and machine learning by merging the two. Quantum mechanics…
and machine learning may seem theoretically disparate, but their link becomes clear through the density matrix operator which can be readily approximated by neural network models, permitting a formulation of quantum physics in which physical observables can be computed via neural networks. As well as demonstrating the natural affinity of quantum physics and machine learning, this viewpoint opens rich possibilities in terms of computation, efficient hardware, and scalability. One can also obtain trainable models to optimize applications and fine-tune theories, such as approximation of the ground state in many body systems, and boosting quantum circuits’ performance. The book begins with the introduction of programming tools and basic concepts of machine learning, with necessary background material from quantum mechanics and quantum information also provided. This enables the basic building blocks, neural network models for vacuum states, to be introduced. The highlights that follow include: non-classical state representations, with squeezers and beam splitters used to implement the primary layers for quantum computing; boson sampling with neural network models; an overview of available quantum computing platforms, their models, and their programming; and neural network models as a variational ansatz for many-body Hamiltonian ground states with applications to Ising machines and solitons. The book emphasizes coding, with many open source examples in Python and TensorFlow, while MATLAB and Mathematica routines clarify and validate proofs. This book is essential reading for graduate students and researchers who want to develop both the requisite physics and coding knowledge to understand the rich interplay of quantum mechanics and machine learning.Fundamentals of NMR and MRI: From Quantum Principles to Medical Applications
Par Fatemeh Khashami. 2024
This book bridges the gap between physical foundations and medical applications of the NMR and MRI technologies, making them accessible…
to both physicists and biomedical scientists. The physical basis of these technologies is discussed in a manner that can be easily understood by scientists from different backgrounds, aiding them in gaining a clearer understanding of the subject.. For instance, the medical applications of NMR and MRI technologies are described in a way that is accessible to physicists. Moreover, geometrical descriptions and specific mathematical tools are used to facilitate the visualizations of many concepts. Furthermore, the book covers modern technologies such as hyperpolarization and several other state-of-the-art techniques, along with their foundations.Advanced Methods of Joint Inversion and Fusion of Multiphysics Data (Advances in Geological Science)
Par Michael S. Zhdanov. 2023
Different physical or geophysical methods provide information about distinctive physical properties of the objects, e.g., rock formations and mineralization. In…
many cases, this information is mutually complementary, which makes it natural for consideration in a joint inversion of the multiphysics data. Inversion of the observed data for a particular experiment is subject to considerable uncertainty and ambiguity. One productive approach to reducing uncertainty is to invert several types of data jointly. Nonuniqueness can also be reduced by incorporating additional information derived from available a priori knowledge about the target to reduce the search space for the solution. This additional information can be incorporated in the form of a joint inversion of multiphysics data.Generally established joint inversion methods, however, are inadequate for incorporating typical physical or geological complexity. For example, analytic, empirical, or statistical correlations between different physical properties may exist for only part of the model, and their specific form may be unknown. Features or structures that are present in the data of one physical method may not be present in the data generated by another physical method or may not be equally resolvable.This book presents and illustrates several advanced, new approaches to joint inversion and data fusion, which do not require a priori knowledge of specific empirical or statistical relationships between the different model parameters or their attributes. These approaches include the following novel methods, among others: 1) the Gramian method, which enforces the correlation between different parameters; 2) joint total variation functional or joint focusing stabilizers, e.g., minimum support and minimum gradient support constraints; 3) data fusion employing a joint minimum entropy stabilizer, which yields the simplest multiphysics solution that fits the multi-modal data. In addition, the book describes the principles of using artificial intelligence (AI) in solving multiphysics inverse problems. The book also presents in detail both the mathematical principles of these advanced approaches to joint inversion of multiphysics data and successful case histories of regional-scale and deposit-scale geophysical studies to illustrate their indicated advantages.Mushrooms of the Pacific Northwest, Revised Edition (A Timber Press Field Guide)
Par Steve Trudell. 2009
Ideal for hikers, foragers, and naturalists, the Timber Press Field Guides are the perfect tools for loving where you live.Mushrooms…
of the Pacific Northwest is a comprehensive field guide to the most conspicuous, distinctive, and ecologically important mushrooms found in the region. With helpful identification keys and photographs and a clear, color-coded layout, Mushrooms of the Pacific Northwest is ideal for hikers, foragers, and natural history buffs and is the perfect tool for loving where you live. Covers Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia Describes and illustrates 493 species 530 photographs, with additional keys and diagrams Clear color-coded layoutThe Milky Way: An Autobiography of Our Galaxy
Par Moiya McTier. 2022
In this approachable and fascinating biography of the galaxy, an astrophysicist and folklorist details everything humans have discovered—from the Milky…
Way's formation to its eventual death, and what else there is to learn about the universe we call home. After a few billion years of bearing witness to life on Earth, of watching one hundred billion humans go about their day-to-day lives, of feeling unbelievably lonely, and of hearing its own story told by others, The Milky Way would like a chance to speak for itself. All one hundred billion stars and fifty undecillion tons of gas of it. It all began some thirteen billion years ago, when clouds of gas scattered through the universe's primordial plasma just could not keep their metaphorical hands off each other. They succumbed to their gravitational attraction, and the galaxy we know as the Milky Way was born. Since then, the galaxy has watched as dark energy pushed away its first friends, as humans mythologized its name and purpose, and as galactic archaeologists have worked to determine its true age (rude). The Milky Way has absorbed supermassive (an actual technical term) black holes, made enemies of a few galactic neighbors, and mourned the deaths of countless stars. Our home galaxy has even fallen in love. After all this time, the Milky Way finally feels that it's amassed enough experience for the juicy tell-all we've all been waiting for. Its fascinating autobiography recounts the history and future of the universe in accessible but scientific detail, presenting a summary of human astronomical knowledge thus far that is unquestionably out of this world. NAMED A BEST BOOK OF 2022 BY PUBLISHERS WEEKLY AND SCIENCENET NAMED A BEST AUDIOBOOK OF 2022 BY BOOKPAGEMoon Nashville: Can't-Miss Experiences, Food & Music, Local Favorites (Travel Guide)
Par Margaret Littman. 2022
Move to the beat and savor the unique creative energy of Music City. From hot chicken to warm Southern hospitality,…
experience it all with Moon Nashville.Explore the city: Navigate by neighborhood or by activity with color-coded maps See the sights: Watch country music's top acts at the Grand Ole Opry, tour the storied halls of the Tennessee State Capitol, and pay homage to legends at the Country Music Hall of Fame. Stroll the Vanderbilt and Fisk campuses, shop for vintage records and handcrafted jewelry, and go honky-tonking late into the night Get a taste of the city: Cast your vote for the best authentic hot chicken, dine at a classic meat-and-three, or delight in food truck feasts featuring Egyptian treats, farm-fresh peaches, and fiery moonshine Bars and nightlife: Tap your foot to some live music at the Bluebird Café or pull up a barstool for a flight of classic Tennessee whiskeys. Get inspired by up-and-coming singers in The Basement before finding your own voice at Lonnie's Western Room karaoke, or try a free line dance lesson at Wildhorse Saloon Local advice from Nashvillian Margaret Littman on her beloved home city Flexible, strategic itineraries including a two-day tour, a foodie weekend, and Nashville on a budget, plus day trips to Land Between the Lakes, Mammoth Cave, the Jack Daniels Distillery in Lynchburg, and more Tips for travelers including where to stay, how to safely bike in the city, plus advice for LGBTQ+ visitors, international travelers, and families with children Maps and tools like background information on the history and culture of Nashville, easy-to-read maps, full-color photos, and neighborhood guides from Midtown to Music Valley Experience the best of Music City with Moon Nashville. Hitting the road? Try Moon Blue Ridge Parkway Road Trip or Moon Nashville to New Orleans Road Trip. About Moon Travel Guides: Moon was founded in 1973 to empower independent, active, and conscious travel. We prioritize local businesses, outdoor recreation, and traveling strategically and sustainably. Moon Travel Guides are written by local, expert authors with great stories to tell—and they can't wait to share their favorite places with you. For more inspiration, follow @moonguides on social media.Moon Joshua Tree & Palm Springs: Hiking, Scenic Drives, Desert Getaways (Travel Guide)
Par Jenna Blough. 2022
From the chic pools of Palm Springs to the rugged beauty of Joshua Tree National Park, soak up the California…
sunshine with Moon Joshua Tree & Palm Springs. Inside you'll find: Flexible itineraries, like relaxing weekends in Palm Springs and the Coachella Valley and the week-long best of Joshua Tree National Park, including day trips to the Salton Sea and Idyllwild Strategic advice for outdoor adventurers, spa-seekers, poolside loungers, and more The best hikes in Joshua Tree and the Palm Springs area marked with mileage, duration, difficulty level, and elevation gain, plus trailheads and detailed directions Top activities and unique experiences: Discover hidden waterfalls, fan palm oases, and stunning canyons on a hike through Joshua Tree, or trek part of the Pacific Crest Trail on a day trip to the Sand to Snow National Monument. Try a rejuvenating sound bath or soak in serene hot springs. Admire mid-century architecture and sip retro-chic cocktails in Rat-Pack-era hangouts and sample the best of the party scene, from poolside resorts to wild west saloons Insider advice from SoCal local Jenna Blough on when to go, where to stay, and how to get around, including how to get to Joshua Tree and Palm Springs from Los Angeles Helpful resources on Covid-19 and traveling to Joshua Tree and Palm Springs Full-color photos and detailed maps throughout Background information on the landscape, history, and culture, plus tips for families, seniors, LGBTQ travelers, and visitors with disabilities Experience the best of the desert with Moon Joshua Tree & Palm Springs. Exploring California&’s national parks? Check out Moon Death Valley National Park or Moon Sequoia & Kings Canyon. About Moon Travel Guides: Moon was founded in 1973 to empower independent, active, and conscious travel. We prioritize local businesses, outdoor recreation, and traveling strategically and sustainably. Moon Travel Guides are written by local, expert authors with great stories to tell—and they can't wait to share their favorite places with you. For more inspiration, follow @moonguides on social media.Remodelista in Maine: A Design Lover's Guide to Inspired, Down-to-Earth Style (Remodelista)
Par Annie Quigley. 2022
Maine by Design Celebrate the rugged, resourceful, eco-conscious Maine aesthetic and get a master class from Remodelista in translating this…
style into your own home. Tour ten exceptional, beautifully photographed houses, and discover the details that make a Maine house a Maine house—from floors painted in glossy boat paint to artful displays of nature-walk finds. Also included: simple, seasonal DIY projects, like fragrant balsam pillows; tips from local shopkeepers, chefs, and makers on living the Maine way; a collection of Remodelista&’s thirty favorite Maine objects for the house (and porch); and design-centric itineraries for travelers planning a visit any time of year.From majestic mountaintops to lush forests and untouched wilderness, experience the best of the Smokies with Moon Great Smoky Mountains…
National Park. Inside you'll find:Flexible itineraries: Unique and adventure-packed ideas ranging from one day in the park to a week-long trip The best hikes in the Great Smokies: Detailed hike descriptions with mileage, duration, elevation gains, and difficulty ratings, plus individual trail maps and options for backpackers Experience the outdoors: Cruise along Newfound Gap Road for epic views from scenic overlooks and watch "smoky" mists rise up through the valleys. Spot local wildlife like 700-pound elk, black bears, and vast herds of white-tailed deer. Savor the refreshing solitude of a night camping under the stars or enjoy a twinkling light show from Elkmont's synchronous fireflies. Trek a segment of the Appalachian Trail, wander through remnants of the region's historic settlements, or try your hand at fly-fishing Take a break: Unwind after a day of adventure at one of the trendy craft breweries that earned Asheville the title of "Beer City USA." Head to Dollywood for square-dancing, catching a show, or gliding down the lazy river at Splash Country. Soak in the sweet sounds of Tennessee's music scene, sample some fiery moonshine, or shop for Appalachian folk art How to get there: Up-to-date information on gateway towns, park entrances, and tours Where to stay: Campgrounds, resorts, and more, both inside and outside the park Helpful resources on Covid-19 and traveling to Great Smoky Mountains National Park Planning tips: When to go, what to pack, safety information, and how to avoid the crowds, with full-color photos and detailed maps throughoutExpertise and know-how: Explore the park with nature lover and Smoky Mountains expert Jason Frye Find your adventure in Great Smoky Mountains National Park with Moon. Hitting more of North America's national parks? Check out Moon USA National Parks. Road-tripping? Try Moon Drive & Hike Appalachian Trail or Moon Blue Ridge Parkway Road Trip. About Moon Travel Guides: Moon was founded in 1973 to empower independent, active, and conscious travel. We prioritize local businesses, outdoor recreation, and traveling strategically and sustainably. Moon Travel Guides are written by local, expert authors with great stories to tell—and they can't wait to share their favorite places with you. For more inspiration, follow @moonguides on social media.Adventure awaits on the Last Frontier: make your way through Alaska's mountains, glaciers, and rivers with Moon Anchorage, Denali &…
the Kenai Peninsula. Inside you'll find:Flexible itineraries including four days in Anchorage, four days in Denali National Park, day cruises, and a 10-day adventure covering the best of the Kenai Peninsula Strategic advice for hikers, adventure sports lovers, wildlife enthusiasts, budget travelers, and more Must-see highlights and outdoor experiences: Embark on a cruise to admire stunning fjords and watch brown bears catch wild salmon from a river. Go skiing at a mountain resort or hike through alpine forests. Dine on fresh king crab at the best restaurants in Anchorage or catch your own halibut on a fishing expedition. Take an intrepid "flightseeing" tour to secluded glacier landings in Denali National Park and discover the best spots to watch the northern lights dance across the sky Expert advice from Homer local Don Pitcher on when to go, where to stay, and how to get around Full-color photos and detailed maps throughoutThorough background on the landscape, wildlife, history, and local culture, plus up-to-date information about health and safety, transportation, and recreation Find your adventure in Anchorage, Denali and the Kenai Peninsula with Moon's expert advice and local insight. Expanding your trip? Check out Moon Alaska. About Moon Travel Guides: Moon was founded in 1973 to empower independent, active, and conscious travel. We prioritize local businesses, outdoor recreation, and traveling strategically and sustainably. Moon Travel Guides are written by local, expert authors with great stories to tell—and they can't wait to share their favorite places with you. For more inspiration, follow @moonguides on social media.Moon New York State: Getaway Ideas, Road Trips, Local Spots (Moon U.S. Travel Guide)
Par Julie Schwietert Collazo, Moon Travel Guides. 2005
From museum-hopping in the Hudson Valley to hiking the hills upstate, discover the New York you don't know with Moon…
New York State. Inside you'll find:Strategic itineraries for seeing the best of the state in two weeks or spending a whirlwind day in NYC, with ideas for art-lovers, foodies, outdoor enthusiasts, foliage-seekers, and more Day trips from New York City to Long Island, the Hudson Valley, and the Catskills The top sights and unique experiences: Explore the charming riverside towns of the Hudson Valley on a brewery trail, sample local wine and cheese upstate, or relax on the beaches of Montauk. Hike to a spectacular sunrise in the Catskills, kayak on the Finger Lakes, and peep the vibrant changing leaves in the Adirondacks. Browse the quirky boutiques of Lower Manhattan, stroll the High Line, and savor skyline views with a nightcap in hand at a rooftop bar Honest advice from expert author Julie Schwietert Collazo on when to go, where to stay, and how to get around Full-color photos and detailed maps throughoutThorough background on the history, culture, and geography of the state Recommendations for families, LGBTQ travelers, seniors, international visitors, and travelers with disabilities With Moon New York State's practical tips and local insight, you can experience the best of the Empire State.About Moon Travel Guides: Moon was founded in 1973 to empower independent, active, and conscious travel. We prioritize local businesses, outdoor recreation, and traveling strategically and sustainably. Moon Travel Guides are written by local, expert authors with great stories to tell—and they can't wait to share their favorite places with you. Want to experience NYC like a local? Check out Moon New York City Walks.Taking the Quantum Leap: The New Physics for Nonscientists
Par Fred A. Wolf. 1981
World renowned physicist Fred Alan Wolf explains the scientific concepts of quantum mechanics in accessible language for nonscientists.Winner of the…
National Book AwardTaking the Quantum Leap entertainingly traces the history of physics from the observations of the early Greeks through the discoveries of Galileo and Newton to the dazzling theories of such scientists as Planck, Einstein, Bohr, and Bohm. This humanized view of science opens up the mind-stretching visions of how quantum mechanics, God, human thought, and will are related, and provides profound implications for our understanding of the nature of reality and our relationship to the cosmos.“The prose, indeed, is exhilarating, and exhibits a passion to explain—humorously . . . Wolf provides commendable explanations of visions and revisions of atomic models; he is fin, in particular, on the Uncertainty Principle . . . Enjoy the book for its bravura.” —Kirkus ReviewsDiscover natural history secrets hiding in plain sight Have you ever seen a raging river disappear completely into a lava…
tube? Petrified subtropical plants in the middle of a high desert? Do you know how a 10,000-year-old argillite boulder can wind up 800 miles away from any similar rocks? In this insightful guide, environmental journalist and photographer Roddy Scheer reveals the hidden stories of the Pacific Northwest&’s unique ecosystems and teaches you how to &“read a landscape,&” as you explore 33 spectacular natural areas. All hikes are within easy walking distance of the road, less than two miles long, and include clues to deciphering the terrain—making Oregon and Washington&’s Roadside Ecology a must-have guide to some of the area&’s most spectacular and unusual natural sights.Sea Turtles to Sidewinders: A Guide to the Most Fascinating Reptiles and Amphibians of the West
Par Charles Hood, Erin Westeen, Jose Gabriel Martinez-Fonseca. 2021
"For families wanting to explore their local wildlife as well as an engaging read for those with a general interest…
in the subject.&” —Booklist The American West is home to a wide array of reptiles and amphibians-from the rare and curious to those that can be found in parks and backyards. With this user-friendly guide in hand, discover the most likely-to-be-encountered lizards, snakes, turtles, and amphibians native to Arizona, California, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, and Washington, plus the western parts of Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, and New Mexico. Whether you are a dedicated herper or simply have a keen interest in wildlife and natural history, Sea Turtles to Sidewinders—from Charles Hood, Erin Westeen, and Jose Gabriel Martfnez-Fonsec—will help you appreciate and celebrate the amazing diversity represented by reptiles and amphibians of the West.Wildflowers of the Midwest (A Timber Press Field Guide)
Par Michael Homoya, Scott Namestnik. 2022
Ideal for hikers, foragers, and plant lovers, the Timber Press Field Guides are the perfect tools for loving where you…
live. Wildflowers of the Midwest is a comprehensive field guide for anyone wishing to learn about the amazingly diverse wildflowers of the region. This must-have book describes and illustrates 1000 commonly encountered species, including perennials, annuals, and shrubs, both native and nonnative. With more than 1,000 superb color photographs and a user-friendly organization by flower color and shape, this is a must-have guide for birders, hikers, foragers, and natural history buffs. Covers Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, and Iowa. Describes and illustrates 1,000 commonly encountered species Includes perennials, annuals, and shrubs, both native and nonnative User-friendly organization by flower color and shapeBest Little Book of Birds The Oregon Coast: The Oregon Coast (Best Little Book of Birds)
Par Sarah Swanson. 2022
A Practical, Pocket-Sized, and Beginner-Friendly Birding Guide Oregon&’s coast is teeming with scores of beautiful birds, and the Best Little Book…
of Birds: The Oregon Coast will help you find them. From regal ospreys and iconic eagles to frenetic sandpipers and colorful kingfishers, this easy-to-use book will help you identify more than 100 commonly occurring birds that help make the Oregon coast the natural wonder that it is. An emphasis on best practices and habitat sustainability help empower conservation and ensure that birding on the coast will be possible for years to come. Perfect for budding and experienced birders alike, this sleek and compact guide is the ideal travel companion for every trip to the coast.This book focuses in detail on data science and data analysis and emphasizes the importance of data engineering and data…
management in the design of big data applications. The author uses patterns discovered in a collection of big data applications to provide design principles for hypothesis generation, integrating big data processing and management, machine learning and data mining techniques. The book proposes and explains innovative principles for interpreting hypotheses by integrating micro-explanations (those based on the explanation of analytical models and individual decisions within them) with macro-explanations (those based on applied processes and model generation). Practical case studies are used to demonstrate how hypothesis-generation and -interpretation technologies work. These are based on “social infrastructure” applications like in-bound tourism, disaster management, lunar and planetary exploration, and treatment of infectious diseases. The novel methods and technologies proposed in Hypothesis Generation and Interpretation are supported by the incorporation of historical perspectives on science and an emphasis on the origin and development of the ideas behind their design principles and patterns. Academic investigators and practitioners working on the further development and application of hypothesis generation and interpretation in big data computing, with backgrounds in data science and engineering, or the study of problem solving and scientific methods or who employ those ideas in fields like machine learning will find this book of considerable interest.