Résultats de recherche de titre
Articles 1 à 20 sur 1483
Eddie Olczyk: Beating the Odds in Hockey and in Life
Par Eddie Olczyk, Perry Lefko. 2019
Eddie Olczyk had built a life and career most people could only dream of. Growing up in the suburbs of…
Chicago, he fell in love with the game of hockey during an era when most kids preferred balls to pucks. Against all odds, he played on the 1984 U.S. Olympic hockey team as a 17-year-old, and four months later he was drafted in the first round by his hometown Chicago Blackhawks. During an illustrious 16-year career, he played for and alongside some of the greatest franchises and players in history, winning a Stanley Cup with the unforgettable 1994 New York Rangers. Years later, he coached former teammate Mario Lemieux and Sidney Crosby on the Pittsburgh Penguins before transitioning into the broadcast booth, where he has become one of the most recognizable voices of the sport. He then combined his skills as an analyst with his second passion— horse racing—and became an integral part of NBC’s coverage of thoroughbreds. Away from the spotlight, Olczyk and his wife of three decades raised four adoring children. He was respected and admired by fans, friends, and peers. Life was sweet. Then, at 7:07 pm on August 4, 2017, his entire world turned upside down. In Eddie Olczyk: Beating the Odds in Hockey and in Life, one of the biggest names in American hockey has written an inspiring and entertaining memoir of his life both on and off the ice. From shooting hundreds of tennis balls at a goal in his childhood living room to the ups and downs of his improbable hockey career to rollicking stories from the booth and the backstretch, Olczyk guides readers on his journey toward his ultimate test: a battle against Stage 3 colon cancer. For years, Olczyk’s goal was to be the best husband, father, broadcaster, and handicapper he could be. Today he has a new one: to bring as much awareness and support to those fighting cancer as he possibly can. In this emotional but often hilarious autobiography, you’ll learn why the people who know Eddie Olczyk best might describe him as “tremendously tremendous.”Medical Decision Making
Par Harold C. Sox, Michael C. Higgins, Douglas K. Owens, Gillian Sanders Schmidler. 2024
MEDICAL DECISION MAKING Detailed resource showing how to best make medical decisions while incorporating clinical practice guidelines and decision support…
systems Sir William Osler, a legendary physician of an earlier era, once said, “Medicine is a science of uncertainty and an art of probability.” In Osler’s day, and now, decisions about treatment often cannot wait until the diagnosis is certain. Medical Decision Making is about how to make the best possible decision given that uncertainty. The book shows how to tailor decisions under uncertainty to achieve the best outcome based on published evidence, features of a patient’s illness, and the patient’s preferences. Medical Decision Making describes a powerful framework for helping clinicians and their patients reach decisions that lead to outcomes that the patient prefers. That framework contains the key principles of patient-centered decision-making in clinical practice. Since the first edition of Medical Decision Making in 1988, the authors have focused on explaining key concepts and illustrating them with clinical examples. For the Third Edition, every chapter has been revised and updated. Written by four distinguished and highly qualified authors, Medical Decision Making includes information on: How to consider the possible causes of a patient’s illness and decide on the probability of the most important diagnoses. How to measure the accuracy of a diagnostic test. How to help patients express their concerns about the risks that they face and how an illness may affect their lives. How to describe uncertainty about how an illness may change over time. How to construct and analyze decision trees. How to identify the threshold for doing a test or starting treatment How to apply these concepts to the design of practice guidelines and medical policy making. Medical Decision Making is a valuable resource for clinicians, medical trainees, and students of decision analysis who wish to fully understand and apply the principles of decision making to clinical practice.YOU are one of the many fortune seekers during the California Gold Rush in the 1850s. Will you pan for…
gold, set up a mine, or make your riches by serving the miners who have flocked to the area? Step back in time to face the challenges and decisions that real people faced during this exciting time in history.ACSM's Resources for the Group Exercise Instructor
Par American College of Sports Medicine. 2023
ACSM’s Resources for the Group Exercise Instructor, 2nd Edition, equips fitness professionals with the knowledge and the skills needed to…
effectively lead group exercise in gyms, studios, recreational facilities, and clubs. An essential resource for undergraduate exercise science programs, students in pre-professional programs, and those independently prepping for the ACSM-GEI certification, this engaging, accessible text reflects the authoritative expertise of the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) and delivers complete preparation for becoming an ACSM Certified Group Exercise Instructor. The extensively revised and reorganized 2nd Edition streamlines learning and aligns content to the domains of the ACSM Certified Group Exercise Instructor Exam, boosting exam confidence and delivering step-by-step guidance to ensure success in professional practice.The Secret History of Bigfoot: Field Notes on a North American Monster
Par John O’Connor. 2024
"A winning portrait of America at its weirdest." — Publishers Weekly STARRED ReviewFrom the shrouded forests of the Pacific Northwest…
to off-the-wall cryptozoological conventions, one man searches high and low for the answer to the question: real or not, why do we want to believe?Bigfoot is an instantly recognizable figure. Through the decades, this elusive primate has been featured in movies and books, on coffee mugs, beer koozies, car polish, and CBD oil. Which begs the question: what is it about Bigfoot that's caught hold of our imaginations?Journalist and self-diagnosed skeptic John O'Connor is fascinated by Sasquatch. Curious to learn more, he embarks on a quest through the North American wilds in search of Bigfoot, its myth and meaning. Alongside an eccentric cast of characters, he explores the zany and secretive world of "cryptozoology," tracking Bigfoot through ancient folklore to Harry and the Hendersons, while examining the forces behind our ever-widening belief in the supernatural. As O'Connor treks through the shrouded forests of the Pacific Northwest, listens to firsthand accounts, and attends Bigfoot conventions, he's left wondering—what happens when the lines between myth and reality blur? Perfect for fans of Bill Bryson and Douglas Preston, and with sharp wit and an adventurous spirit, this heartfelt exploration of a cornerstone of American folklore unpacks why we believe in the things that we do, what that says about us, and how it shapes our world.Toxicology of Fishes
Par Kristine L. Willett, Neelakanteswar Aluru. 2024
This up-to-date, comprehensive toxicology handbook is devoted to the effects of environmental pollution on fish. Fish species represent nearly half…
of all vertebrates and have become important sentinels for environmental contamination and model organisms for understanding adverse outcomes from exposures. This new edition is written by recognized experts, and it highlights the significant research progress in fish toxicology that has resulted from rapid technological developments in analytical, biochemical, and genomic sciences. The book: Discusses fundamental topics such as toxicokinetics in fishes, processes governing biotransformation within these organisms, and reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress. Explains key target organ systems for chemical impacts in fish, such as the nervous and immune systems, and how fishes can develop resistance to chemical toxicity. Covers multi-transgenerational effects on fishes, epigenetics, proteomics and metabolomics, and adverse outcome pathways. Replacing the case studies in the first edition, this update delves into the impacts of microplastics, pharmaceuticals, and oil spills in dedicated final chapters. With nearly 200 illustrations and tables, this comprehensive reference work presents concepts in a way that is useful for both novices to and experts in the field of fish toxicology.The Future of Alzheimer's: Finding Inspiration & Hope Through Expert Insight
Par Sharon Ricardi. 2023
A collection of informative and inspirational thoughts of many of the nation&’s leaders in research, medicine, education, senior care and…
advocacy around the subject of Alzheimer&’s disease.The Future of Alzheimer's features candid views from experts on how they respond today to someone on the difficult journey of Alzheimer&’s and what they believe is the future hope for a cure.More than 20 experts in the field of Alzheimer's research or caretakers are asked two key questions:What advice would you give to the loved ones of someone who is newly diagnosed?Do you think there will be a cure, and if so, when?Their answers help provide context and hope for patients, caretakers and loved ones looking for answers by providing helpful insights on the disease and what's to come.Alzheimer's prevalence in the US makes it the 6th leading cause of death, killing more than half a million people, mainly seniors, every year and experts believe this number will only grow. The Future of Alzheimer's seeks to make this and other forms of dementia less of the devastating diagnosis it is now for all of those people.An evidence-based guide for doctors diagnosing, testing, and treating children with PANDAS (Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorder Associated with Strep infections).In…
the early 1990s, a group of researchers at the National Institute of Mental Health began collecting data on children who had developed neuropsychiatric disorders (OCD and tics) following infections. They found evidence that antineuronal antibodies had developed in some of these children which attacked the basal ganglia region of the brain. MRI and PET scans in these children demonstrated inflammatory changes in the basal ganglia as well. In 1997, the researchers published the first article to describe this syndrome that they named PANDAS (Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorder Associated with Strep infections). In PANDAS, an autoimmune attack on the brain occurs following a Strep infection. PANS (Pediatric Acute-onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome) is a broader term that also includes cases following exposure to other infections, toxins, and even stress. Clinicians treating children with PANS and PANDAS have found that antibiotics targeted at the offending organisms, steroids, and IVIG results in marked improvement and occasionally complete remission of the neuropsychiatric symptoms. Disturbing symptoms consistent with many DSM-5 psychiatric disorders manifest in patients with PANS and PANDAS—yet we know that there is a biologic basis for the changes in these children. As a result, these disorders require us, as physicians, to view mental illness in an entirely new way. Resistance to this change in paradigm has made PANS and PANDAS difficult for clinicians to diagnose, unbearable for parents to endure, and controversial for scholars to accept. As such, there is no recognized standard of care. We have written this work in an effort to change that. This is a textbook by physicians for physicians. It was written to bring back some of the art of medicine to physicians caring for a group of children and families who really need it. PANS and PANDAS are complex disorders that demand a rich, multifaceted response with novel treatment approaches. The material in this book is assembled from the peer-reviewed medical literature, in combination with over thirty years of clinical experience caring for the sickest patients, both in and out of the hospital. Here you will find conclusive evidence for the existence and pathophysiology of PANS and PANDAS, alongside testing and treatment interventions the author has successfully used in his own practice with hundreds of children. The book concludes with rich appendices including commonly used labs, doses of medications and supplements, a sample flare protocol, extensive support for parents, sample IVIG orders, and much more. We hope this resource allows you, the physician, to help these suffering families heal.Cancer screening has been carried out for six decades – however, there are many unsolved problems: how to estimate key parameters…
involved in screenings, such as sensitivity, the time duration in the preclinical state (i.e., sojourn time), and time duration in the disease-free state; how to estimate the distribution of lead time, the diagnosis time advanced by screening; how to evaluate the long-term outcomes of screening, including the probability of overdiagnosis among the screen-detected; when to schedule the first exam based on one’s current age and risk tolerance; and when to schedule the upcoming exam based on one’s screening history, age, and risk tolerance. These problems need proper probability models and statistical methods in order to be dealt with. Features: This book gives a concise account of the analysis of cancer screening data, using probability models and statistical methods. Real data sets are provided so that cancer researchers and statisticians can apply the methods in the learning process. It develops statistical methods in the commonly used disease progressive model. It provides solutions to practical problems and introduces open problems. It provides a framework for the most recent developments based on the author’s research. The book is primarily aimed at researchers and practitioners from biostatistics and cancer research. Readers should have the prerequisite knowledge of calculus, probability, and statistical inference. The book could be used as a one-semester textbook on the topic of cancer screening methodology for a graduate-level course.Actinomycetes in Marine and Extreme Environments: Unexhausted Sources for Microbial Biotechnology
Par D. İpek Kurtböke. 2021
The discovery and development of antibiotics has been one of the most significant advances in medicine. In a golden era…
lasting from the 1940s to the late 1960s, antibiotic research provided mankind with a wide range of structurally diverse and effective agents for the treatment of microbial infections. Since then, actinomycetes, most notably members of the genus Streptomyces, have uninterruptedly proved to be a particularly rich source of antibiotics and other therapeutic and biotechnologically important compounds. This book brings together expert actinomycetologists to communicate the importance of finding novel antibiotic producing actinomycetes in extreme and marine environments in the light of molecular advances.Image synthesis across and within medical imaging modalities is an active area of research with broad applications in radiology and…
radiation oncology. This book covers the principles and methods of medical image synthesis, along with state-of-the-art research. First, various traditional non-learning-based, traditional machine-learning-based, and recent deep-learning-based medical image synthesis methods are reviewed. Second, specific applications of different inter- and intra-modality image synthesis tasks and of synthetic image-aided segmentation and registration are introduced and summarized, listing and highlighting the proposed methods, study designs, and reported performances with the related clinical applications of representative studies. Third, the clinical usages of medical image synthesis, such as treatment planning and image-guided adaptive radiotherapy, are discussed. Last, the limitations and current challenges of various medical synthesis applications are explored, along with future trends and potential solutions to solve these difficulties. The benefits of medical image synthesis have sparked growing interest in a number of advanced clinical applications, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-only radiation therapy treatment planning and positron emission tomography (PET)/MRI scanning. This book will be a comprehensive and exciting resource for undergraduates, graduates, researchers, and practitioners.The Politics of Potential: Global Health and Gendered Futures in South Africa (Medical Anthropology)
Par Michelle Pentecost. 2024
The first one thousand days of human life, or the period between conception and age two, is one of the…
most pivotal periods of human development. Optimizing nutrition during this time not only prevents childhood malnutrition but also determines future health and potential. The Politics of Potential examines early life interventions in the first one thousand days of life in South Africa, drawing on fieldwork from international conferences, government offices, health-care facilities, and the everyday lives of fifteen women and their families in Cape Town. Michelle Pentecost explores various aspects of a politics of potential, a term that underlines the first one thousand days concept and its effects on clinical care and the lives of childbearing women in South Africa. Why was the First One Thousand Days project so readily adopted by South Africa and many other countries? Pentecost not only explores this question but also discusses the science of intergenerational transmissions of health, disease, and human capital and how this constitutes new forms of intergenerational responsibility. The women who are the target of first one thousdand days interventions are cast as both vulnerable and responsible for the health of future generations, such that, despite its history, intergenerational responsibility in South Africa remains entrenched in powerfully gendered and racialized ways.Now with a new, easy-to-read page design, Kaplan's Nursing School Entrance Exams Prep is a focused review of the HESI…
A2 and the Kaplan Nursing Admission Test—two major nursing school entrance assessments. Exam-specific practice, concise content review, and proven test-taking strategies will prepare you to face the first test of your nursing career with confidence.The Best ReviewFour sample practice tests: two for HESI A2, two for the Kaplan exam.Diagnostic test to identify the topics where you need the most reviewTest-specific icons showing which content to review for the Kaplan vs. the HESIScience chapters broken out by topic: anatomy & physiology, biology, organ systems, and chemistryGrammar and writing sections specifically geared to the Kaplan testQuick-reference resources with frequently used math formulas and commonly misspelled words to rememberExpert GuidanceKaplan's expert nursing faculty reviews and updates content regularlyPractical advice for the career-change nursing studentWe invented test prep—Kaplan (www.kaptest.com) has been helping students for 80 years, and our proven strategies have helped legions of students achieve their dreamsThis open access book is written by world-renowned experts on radiomolecular precision oncology to celebrate the work, life, principles and…
ideology of Richard P Baum.It includes commentaries, reviews and some thought provoking novel ideas on radionuclide precision oncology, covering topics such as various aspects of theranostics and molecular radiotherapy like radiolabeled peptides, radiolabeled antibodies, dosimetry, and quality control as well as the diagnosis and treatment of specific tumor types. Featuring contributions by biologists, physicists, chemists, mathematicians, geneticists, and physicians from a range of specialties, this Festschrift is highly interdisciplinary and will be a valuable resource for future precision oncologists.Moon Olympic Peninsula: Coastal Getaways, Rainforests & Waterfalls, Hiking & Camping (Travel Guide)
Par Jeff Burlingame, Moon Travel Guides. 2024
Charming small towns, verdant rainforests, rocky coastline, and mountain meadows: experience the surreal beauty and endless adventure of the Pacific…
Northwest with Moon Olympic Peninsula. Inside you'll find:Flexible itineraries, from a weekend in Olympic National Park to a weeklong tour of the peninsula Must-see highlights and unique experiences: Tour the oldest lighthouse on the Puget Sound, explore Kurt Cobain's hometown, or immerse yourself in the region's rich maritime history. Dig for a dinner of fresh razor clams and savor fresh-caught Dungeness crab. Stroll through a fragrant lavender farm, shop for unique handcrafted goods, or peruse small-town galleries for local art. Sample one-of-a-kind red blends and fruit wines or kick back with a local brew and some jazz music The best hikes of the Olympic Peninsula: Find your adventure with hike descriptions, directions, difficulty ratings, and elevation gains Outdoor adventures: Wander through the ethereal Hoh Rain Forest, marvel at the panoramic views from Hurricane Ridge, or hike through the old-growth forests of Olympic National Park. Take a waterfall-filled backpacking trek through the Sawtooth Mountains, camp on the banks of the Skokomish River, and soak in the restorative waters of the Olympic Hot Springs. Spot hundreds of species of birds on the largest natural sand spit in the world or study starfish and sea stacks on the rugged northern coast Local insight from Washington-born journalist Jeff Burlingame on when to go, where to stay, and what to bring Full-color photos and detailed maps throughoutHelpful background on the landscape, wildlife, climate, and local culture, plus tips for getting around the peninsula With Moon Olympic Peninsula's practical tips and expert advice, you can plan your trip your way. Want more of the great outdoors? Try Moon Washington Hiking. Exploring the Pacific Northwest? Try Moon Coastal Oregon or Moon Columbia River Gorge & Mount Hood.About Moon Travel Guides: Moon was founded in 1973 to empower independent, active, and conscious travel. We prioritize local businesses, outdoor recreation, and traveling strategically and sustainably. Moon Travel Guides are written by local, expert authors with great stories to tell—and they can't wait to share their favorite places with you. For more inspiration, follow @moonguides on social media.Bioremediation for Sustainable Environmental Cleanup
Par Anju Malik, Vinod Kumar Garg. 2024
The present book, Bioremediation for Sustainable Environmental Cleanup, has a compilation of seventeen chapters comprehensively describing the state-of-the-art on emerging…
bioremediation approaches employed for sustainable environmental clean-up of diverse environmental pollutants such as metal(loid)s, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, dyes, pesticides, petroleum hydrocarbons, etc., by using bacteria, fungi, algae, higher plants, and novel materials like biohybrids, nano-biomaterials, and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4). Different bioremediation strategies such as biosorption, bioprecipitation, bioaccumulation, biodegradation, biotransformation etc. have been described in detail. The emphasis throughout, however, is on sustainable environmental clean-up. Eminent researchers from various countries located in diverse geographical areas, including Argentina, Canada, Germany, India, Pakistan, South Africa, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America, have contributed towards the chapters of this book.Biological Motion: A History of Life
Par Janina Wellmann. 2024
A captivating exploration of the changing definitions of life in biologyBiological Motion studies the foundational relationship between motion and life.…
To answer the question, &“What is Life?,&” prize-winning historian of science Janina Wellmann engages in a transdisciplinary investigation of motion as the most profound definition of living existence.For decades, information and structure have dominated the historiography of the life sciences with its prevailing focus on DNA structure and function. Now more than ever, motion is a crucial theme of basic biological research. Tracing motion from Aristotle&’s animal soul to molecular motors, and from medical soft robotics to mathematical analysis, Wellmann locates biological motion at the intersection of knowledge domains and scientific and cultural practices. She offers signposts to mark the sites where researchers, technologies, ideas, and practices opened up new paths in the constitution of the phenomenon of motion. An ambitious rethinking of the life sciences, Biological Motion uncovers the secret life of movement and offers a new account of what it means to be alive.The Heart and Its Healing Plants: Traditional Herbal Remedies and Modern Heart Conditions
Par Wolf-Dieter Storl. 2009
An ethnobotanical look at ancient heart beliefs, heart-strengthening herbs, and folk remedies for cardiovascular diseases• Discusses traditional understandings of the…
heart from early European cultures and indigenous peoples of the Americas, Asia, and Africa • Examines the heart as the home of the soul and an organ of perception and looks at traditional beliefs on what makes the heart sick • Presents a materia medica of plants used for millennia to treat heart-related conditions as well as plants in use by modern herbalists and cardiologists Among our ancestors as well as indigenous people still maintaining traditional diets there is little record of heart diseases in the modern sense. In the traditional worldview, the heart was considered the home of the soul and the source of love and vitality. As such, heart sickness was not seen as a result of poor nutrition, too much stress, or lack of exercise, but reflected an imbalance of the heart&’s emotional and spiritual energies. Plants and folk remedies used as traditional heart medicine worked on the mental and spiritual level to help make the heart happy again. In this book, renowned ethnobotanist Wolf D. Storl, Ph.D., examines traditional understandings of the heart from early European cultures and indigenous peoples of the Americas, Asia, and Africa as well as a wealth of plants used in both ancient and contemporary times to treat heart conditions and ailments. He explores the heart as an organ of perception as well as its ability to remember, citing studies about the phenomenon of complete personality changes following a transplant. He examines what makes the heart sick, including different healing paradigms used to address the causes. He also looks at how time is perceived by the heart and how the modern epidemic of heart disease can be linked to our culture&’s pervasive disconnection from nature&’s rhythms. Presenting a materia medica of heart-strengthening herbs and folk remedies for cardiovascular diseases, the author offers in-depth descriptions of plants used for millennia to treat heart-related conditions as well as plants in use by modern herbalists and cardiologists. Sharing a holistic view of the heart—and heart disease—based on traditional perspectives, ethnomedical research, and herbal wisdom, this book reveals new ways to heal the heart by recognizing its integrated role in our physical, emotional, and spiritual wellness.Gute Kinderschutzverfahren: Tatsachenwissenschaftliche Grundlagen, rechtlicher Rahmen und Kooperation im familiengerichtlichen Verfahren
Par Jörg M. Fegert, Thomas Meysen, Heinz Kindler, Katrin Chauviré-Geib, Ulrike Hoffmann, Eva Schumann. 2023
In Kinderschutzfällen ist es Aufgabe der Jugendämter und Familiengerichte, im Raum stehende Kindeswohlgefährdungen einzuschätzen und gegebenenfalls durch geeignete Hilfen und…
Maßnahmen abzuwenden. Diese Einschätzungen und Entscheidungen können den weiteren Lebensweg von Kindern und ihren Eltern stark beeinträchtigen. Umso wichtiger ist es, dass die an familiengerichtlichen Kinderschutzverfahren beteiligten professionellen Akteure sich über ihre eigenen Aufgaben und die der anderen im Klaren sind, damit sie gut zusammenarbeiten können.Das vorliegende Buch vermittelt Grundlagenwissen aus verschiedenen Disziplinen und bietet damit das Fundament für eine gute interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit. Es enthält tatsachenwissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse zu Kindeswohlgefährdungen und deren Abwendung Grundlagenwissen zur kindlichen EntwicklungOrientierung zu den beteiligten Akteuren, Vernetzung und Interdisziplinarität Kenntnisse über die rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen Grundzüge zum Ablauf von KinderschutzverfahrenDie Publikation orientiert sich am interdisziplinären Online-Kurs „Gute Kinderschutzverfahren“ (https://guteverfahren.elearning-kinderschutz.de/) und bietet allen juristischen, sozialpädagogischen, psychologischen und medizinischen Fachkräften die für qualifizierte Kinderschutzverfahren benötigten vertieften Grundlagenkenntnisse. Es handelt sich um eine Open-Access-Publikation mit freiem und uneingeschränktem Zugang zur elektronischen Ausgabe.Adaptive Sports Medicine: A Clinical Guide
Par Arthur Jason De Luigi. 2023
Now in a revised and expanded second edition, this unique book provides a comprehensive review of the unique aspects of…
adaptive sports medicine and adaptive athletes who are increasingly active and prominent, not only individually and in local leagues and organizations but also in larger settings like the Paralympics and Warrior Games.This book is divided into four thematic sections. Section one covers the history and natural course of the care, policies, and laws for persons with disabilities, as well as the biomechanics and technology of wheelchair sports and adaptive sports prostheses. The medical considerations of the adaptive athlete comprise section two, including epidemiology, emergent care, and surgical and rehabilitative considerations. Section three is the largest section, discussing considerations for specific adaptive sports, including adaptive running, cycling, water sports, throwing sports, wheelchair basketball, softball and rugby, as well as combative and extreme sports. Selected topics, including event planning, advocacy and controversies such as doping, are covered in section four. Chapters new to this edition include approaches to concussions and sports-related considerations for specific populations like children and adolescents, active duty military and veterans. A comprehensive yet practical text, Adaptive Sports Medicine 2nd Edition remains the go-to resource for this active population and is an invaluable reference for any sports medicine or primary medicine practitioner.