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The Astrophysical Context of Life
Par National Research Council of the National Academies. 2005
In 1997, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) formed the National Astrobiology Institute to coordinate and fund research into…
the origins, distribution, and fate of life in the universe. A 2002 NRC study of that program, Life in the Universe: An Assessment of U.S. and International Programs in Astrobiology, raised a number of concerns about the Astrobiology program. In particular, it concluded that areas of astrophysics related to the astronomical environment in which life arose on earth were not well represented in the program. In response to that finding, the Space Studies Board requested the original study committee, the Committee on the Origins and Evolution of Life, to examine ways to augment and integrate astronomy and astrophysics into the Astrobiology program. This report presents the results of that study. It provides a review of the earlier report and related efforts, a detailed examination of the elements of the astrobiology program that would benefit from greater integration and augmentation of astronomy and astrophysics, and an assessment of ways to facilitate the integration of astronomy with other astrobiology disciplines.Controlling Cost Growth of NASA Earth and Space Science Missions
Par National Research Council of the National Academies. 2010
Cost and schedule growth is a problem experienced by many types of projects in many fields of endeavor. Based on…
prior studies of cost growth in NASA and Department of Defense projects,this book identifies specific causes of cost growth associated with NASA Earth and space science missions and provides guidance on how NASA can overcome these specific problems. The recommendations in this book focus on changes in NASA policies that would directly reduce or eliminate the cost growth of Earth and space science missions. Large cost growth is a concern for Earth and space science missions,and it can be a concern for other missions as well. If the cost growth is large enough,it can create liquidity problems for NASA's Science Mission Directorate that in turn cause cost profile changes and development delays that amplify the overall cost growth for other concurrent and/or pending missions. Addressing cost growth through the allocation of artificially high reserves is an inefficient use of resources because it unnecessarily diminishes the portfolio of planned flights. The most efficient use of resources is to establish realistic budgets and reserves and effective management processes that maximize the likelihood that mission costs will not exceed reserves. NASA is already taking action to reduce cost growth; additional steps,as recommended herein,will help improve NASA's mission planning process and achieve the goal of ensuring frequent mission opportunities for NASA Earth and space science.Assessment of Planetary Protection Requirements for MARS: SAMPLE RETURN MISSIONS
Par National Research Council of the National Academies. 2009
NASA maintains a planetary protection policy to avoid the forward biological contamination of other worlds by terrestrial organisms, and back…
biological contamination of Earth from the return of extraterrestrial materials by spaceflight missions. Forward-contamination issues related to Mars missions were addressed in a 2006 National Research Council (NRC) book, Preventing the Forward Contamination of Mars. However, it has been more than 10 years since back-contamination issues were last examined. Driven by a renewed interest in Mars sample return missions, this book reviews, updates, and replaces the planetary protection conclusions and recommendations contained in the NRC's 1997 report Mars Sample Return: Issues and Recommendations. The specific issues addressed in this book include the following: The potential for living entities to be included in samples returned from Mars; Scientific investigations that should be conducted to reduce uncertainty in the above assessment; The potential for large-scale effects on Earth's environment by any returned entity released to the environment; Criteria for intentional sample release, taking note of current and anticipated regulatory frameworks; and The status of technological measures that could be taken on a mission to prevent the inadvertent release of a returned sample into Earth's biosphere.Electromagnetic Field Theory Fundamentals
Par Bhag Singh Guru, Hüseyin R. Hiziroğlu. 2004
Guru and Hiziroglu have produced an accessible and user-friendly text on electromagnetics that will appeal to both students and professors…
teaching this course. This lively book includes many worked examples and problems in every chapter, as well as chapter summaries and background revision material where appropriate. The book introduces undergraduate students to the basic concepts of electrostatic and magnetostatic fields, before moving on to cover Maxwell's equations, propagation, transmission and radiation. Chapters on the Finite Element and Finite Difference method, and a detailed appendix on the Smith chart are additional enhancements. MathCad code for many examples in the book and a comprehensive solutions set are available at www. cambridge. org/0521830168.Quantitative Seismic Interpretation
Par Per Avseth, Tapan Mukerji, Gary Mavko. 2005
Demonstrating how rock physics can be applied to predict reservoir parameters, such as lithologies and pore fluids, from seismically derived…
attributes, this volume provides an integrated methodology and practical tools for quantitative interpretation, uncertainty assessment, and characterization of subsurface reservoirs. Including problem sets and a case-study for which seismic and well-log data and Matlab codes are provided on the Internet (http://publishing. cambridge. org/resources/0521816017), the book is intended for students of petroleum geoscience as well as professionals in the field.The Principia: The Authoritative Translation
Par Sir Isaac Newton. 1999
In his monumental 1687 work, Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica, known familiarly as the Principia, Isaac Newton laid out in mathematical…
terms the principles of time, force, and motion that have guided the development of modern physical science. Even after more than three centuries and the revolutions of Einsteinian relativity and quantum mechanics, Newtonian physics continues to account for many of the phenomena of the observed world, and Newtonian celestial dynamics is used to determine the orbits of our space vehicles. This authoritative, modern translation by I. Bernard Cohen and Anne Whitman, the first in more than 285 years, is based on the 1726 edition, the final revised version approved by Newton; it includes extracts from the earlier editions, corrects errors found in earlier versions, and replaces archaic English with contemporary prose and up-to-date mathematical forms. Newton's principles describe acceleration, deceleration, and inertial movement; fluid dynamics; and the motions of the earth, moon, planets, and comets. A great work in itself, the Principia also revolutionized the methods of scientific investigation. It set forth the fundamental three laws of motion and the law of universal gravity, the physical principles that account for the Copernican system of the world as emended by Kepler, thus effectively ending controversy concerning the Copernican planetary system. The translation-only edition of this preeminent work is truly accessible for today's scientists, scholars, and students.Life in the Universe: A Beginner's Guide (Beginner's Guides)
Par Lewis Dartnell. 2007
Astrobiology, the study of life and its existence in the universe, is now one of the hottest areas of both…
popular science and serious academic research, fusing biology, chemistry, astrophysics, and geology. In this masterful introduction, Lewis Dartnell explores its latest findings, and explores some of the most fascinating questions in science. What actually is 'life'? Could it exist on other planets? Could alien cells be based on silicon rather than carbon, or need ammonia instead of water? Introducing some of the most extreme lifeforms on Earth - those thriving in boiling acid or huddled around deep-sea volcanoes - Dartnell takes us on a tour of the universe to reveal how deeply linked we are to our cosmic environment, and shows why the Earth is so uniquely suited for the development of life.In the Light of Science
Par Demetris Nicolaides. 2014
The birth of science in ancient Greece had a historical impact that is still being felt today. Physicist Demetris Nicolaides…
examines the epochal shift in thinking that led pre-Socratic philosophers of the sixth and fifth centuries BCE to abandon the prevailing mythologies of the age and, for the first time, to analyze the natural world in terms of impersonal, rationally understood principles. He argues not only that their conceptual breakthroughs anticipated much of later science but that scientists of the twenty-first century are still grappling with the fundamental problems raised twenty-five hundred years ago.Looking at the vast sweep of human history, the author delves into the factors that led to the birth of science: urbanization, the role of religion, and in Greece a progressive intellectual curiosity that was unafraid to question tradition. Why did the first scientific approach to understanding the world take place in Greece? The author makes a convincing case that, aside from factors of geography and politics, the power of the Greek language and a cultural proclivity for critical thinking played a large role. In the Light of Science is a unique approach to the history of science revealing the important links between the ancient past and the present scientific endeavor to understand the universe.The Amazing Story of Quantum Mechanics
Par James Kakalios. 2010
In the pulp magazines and comics of the 1950s, it was predicted that the future would be one of gleaming…
utopias, with flying cars, jetpacks, and robotic personal assistants. Obviously, things didn't turn out that way. But the world we do have is actually more fantastic than the most outlandish predictions of the science fiction of the mid-20th century. The World Wide Web, pocket-sized computers, mobile phones and MRI machines have changed the world in unimagined ways. In The Amazing Story of Quantum Mechanics, James Kakalios uses examples from comics and magazines to explain how breakthroughs in quantum mechanics led to such technologies. The book begins with an overview of speculative science fiction, beginning with Jules Verne and progressing through the space adventure comic books of the 1950s. Using the example of Dr. Manhattan from the graphic novel and film Watchmen, Kakalios explains the fundamentals of quantum mechanics, and describes nuclear energy via the hilarious portrayals of radioactivity and its effects in the movies and comic books of the 1950s. Finally, he shows how future breakthroughs will make possible ever more advanced medical diagnostic devices - and perhaps even power stations on the moon that can beam their power to earth.Alpha & Omega
Par Charles Seife. 2003
The science of cosmology is on the brink of a evolution. Astronomers and physicists are beginning to answer the ultimate…
questions that have plagued humanity since prehistory: how was the universe born and how will it end?In just a few years' time, the scientists will ahieve their goal. Already they have glimpsed if the universe; now they are peering into its grave and staring at the face of God. When results from experiments currently being conducted all over the world finally come together, the findings will constitute one of the greatest moments in science - as great as the deciphering of the human genome. ALPHA AND OMEGA tells the story of this 'cosmological revolution and of the scientists who are bringing it about. From mythological origins of the universe to a look at the theories of Aristotle, Galileo, Copernicus, Kepler and Newton, Seife takes us on a gallop across time - and introduces us to the newest figures on the trail: galaxy-hunters and microwave- eavesdroppers, gravity theorists and atom- smashers. He discusses dark matter, dark energy and the particle zoo, and reveals bitter rivalries between brilliant minds pushed to the fringes of science. As we come nearer to an understanding of how the universe began, so we can see where it will all end. Alpha and Omega makes cutting-edge science crystal clear, and provides fascinating, lucid explanations of some of the most stunning scientific ideas of our time.Grundlagen der elektromagnetischen Feldtheorie: Maxwellgleichungen, Lösungsmethoden und Anwendungen
Par Harald Klingbeil. 2018
Die Konzeption und Stoffauswahl dieser Einführung in die mathematischen Grundlagen der elektromagnetischen Feldtheorie stellt die Verbindung zwischen Elektrotechnik, Mathematik und…
Physik her. Umfassend, mathematisch präzise und dennoch leicht verständlich gelingt dem Leser mit Hilfe dieses Buchs der behutsame Einstieg in die Tensoranalysis und die Grundlagen der speziellen Relativitätstheorie sowie in die invariante Darstellung der Maxwellgleichungen.Study of the Electroweak Symmetry Breaking Sector for the LHC
Par Rafael L pez. 2017
In this dissertation we revisit the prospects of a strongly interacting theory for the Electroweak Symmetry Breaking Sector of…
the Standard Model after the discovery of a Higgs-like boson at 125GeV As the LHC constrains new phenomena near the Higgs mass it is natural to assume that the new scale is of order 1TeV This mass gap might indicate strongly interacting new physics This work is of quite general validity and model independence With only a few parameters at the Lagrangian level multiple channels possibly with new physics resonances are describable and many BSM theories can be treated It will be of interest to postgraduate students and researchers and is accessible to newcomers in the field Many calculations are given in full detail and there are ample graphical illustrationsThe History of Research on Chemical Periodic Processes (SpringerBriefs in History of Science and Technology)
Par Alexander Pechenkin. 2018
This book offers a survey of the historic development of selected areas of chemistry and chemical physics discussing in…
detail the European American and Russian approaches to the development of chemistry Other key topics include the kinetics and non-linear thermodynamics of chemical reactions and mathematical modeling which have found new applications in the theory of dynamical systems The first observations of the periodicity of chemical reactions were lost in the mist of time In the second half of the 19th century the phenomenon of chemical periodicity was studied in relation to electrochemistry solutions and colloids Discovered in the late 19th century Liesegang rings are still enigmatic and remain attractive for researchers However the discovery of the Belousov Zhabotinsky reaction marked the successful culmination of the efforts to find a true chemical oscillatory reaction The book investigates chemical phenomena that were neglected in the past but have been rediscovered placing them into a new conceptual framework For example it notes that William Bray who discovered the first oscillatory homogeneous reaction in 1921 was influenced by the first bio-mathematicians who predicted chemical oscillations in homogeneous systemsScaling
Par Grigory Isaakovich Barenblatt. 2003
Many phenomena in nature, engineering or society when seen at an intermediate distance, in space or time, exhibit the remarkable…
property of self-similarity: they reproduce themselves as scales change, subject to so-called scaling laws. It's crucial to know the details of these laws, so that mathematical models can be properly formulated and analysed, and the phenomena in question can be more deeply understood. In this 2003 book, the author describes and teaches the art of discovering scaling laws, starting from dimensional analysis and physical similarity, which are here given a modern treatment. He demonstrates the concepts of intermediate asymptotics and the renormalisation group as natural attributes of self-similarity and shows how and when these notions and tools can be used to tackle the task at hand, and when they cannot. Based on courses taught to undergraduate and graduate students, the book can also be used for self-study by biologists, chemists, astronomers, engineers and geoscientists.Ultrathin Carbon-Based Overcoats for Extremely High Density Magnetic Recording
Par Reuben Yeo. 2017
This book presents the latest research in ultrathin carbon-based protective overcoats for high areal density magnetic data storage systems …
with a particular focus on hard disk drives HDDs and tape drives These findings shed new light on how the microstructure and interfacial chemistry of these sub-20 nm overcoats can be engineered at the nanoscale regime to obtain enhanced properties for wear thermal and corrosion protection which are critical for such applications Readers will also be provided with fresh experimental insights into the suitability of graphene as an atomically-thin overcoat for HDD media The easy readability of this book will appeal to a wide audience ranging from non-specialists with a general interest in the field to scientists and industry professionals directly involved in thin film and coatings researchSolving Crimes with Physics (Solving Crimes With Science: Forensics #12)
Par William Hunter. 2014
Most people cringe when they hear the word physics. Physics is a very technical science that most people rely on…
every day, but do not really care to understand. Things work, and that is enough for most of us. Solving Crimes with Physics delves into the use of this challenging science to give readers a basic understanding of how the principles of physics can be used to solve crimes. From ballistics to bomb blasts, the knowledge of the theories of physics are powerful tools in the hands of a skilled forensic scientist.The Riddle of the Rhine
By Victor Lefebure.
The Cambridge Companion to Einstein
Par Michel Janssen, Christoph Lehner. 2014
This volume is the first systematic presentation of the work of Albert Einstein, comprising fourteen essays by leading historians and…
philosophers of science that introduce readers to his work. Following an introduction that places Einstein's work in the context of his life and times, the book opens with essays on the papers of Einstein's 'miracle year', 1905, covering Brownian motion, light quanta, and special relativity, as well as his contributions to early quantum theory and the opposition to his light quantum hypothesis. Further essays relate Einstein's path to the general theory of relativity (1915) and the beginnings of two fields it spawned, relativistic cosmology and gravitational waves. Essays on Einstein's later years examine his unified field theory program and his critique of quantum mechanics. The closing essays explore the relation between Einstein's work and twentieth-century philosophy, as well as his political writings.Electromagnetic Scattering by Particles and Particle Groups
Par Michael I. Mishchenko. 2006
This self-contained and accessible book provides a thorough introduction to the basic physical and mathematical principles required in studying the…
scattering and absorption of light and other electromagnetic radiation by particles and particle groups. For the first time the theories of electromagnetic scattering, radiative transfer, and weak localization are combined into a unified, consistent branch of physical optics directly based on the Maxwell equations. A particular focus is given to key aspects such as time and ensemble averaging at different scales, ergodicity, and the physical nature of measurements afforded by actual photopolarimeters. Featuring over 120 end-of-chapter exercises, with hints and solutions provided, this clear, one-stop resource is ideal for self-study or classroom use, and will be invaluable to both graduate students and researchers in remote sensing, physical and biomedical optics, optical communications, optical particle characterization, atmospheric physics, and astrophysics.Information and the Nature of Reality
Par Paul Davies, Niels Henrik Gregersen. 2010
Many scientists regard mass and energy as the primary currency of nature. In recent years, however, the concept of information…
has gained importance. Why? In this book, eminent scientists, philosophers and theologians chart various aspects of information, from quantum information to biological and digital information, in order to understand how nature works. Beginning with an historical treatment of the topic, the book also examines physical and biological approaches to information, and its philosophical, theological and ethical implications.