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A concise primer that complicates a convenient truth in biology—the divide between germ and somatic cells—with far-reaching ethical and public…
policy ramifications. Scientists have long held that we have two kinds of cells—germ and soma. Make a change to germ cells—say using genome editing—and that change will appear in the cells of future generations. Somatic cells are “safe” after such tampering; modify your skin cells, and your future children’s skin cells will never know. And, while germ cells can give rise to new generations (including all of the somatic cells in a body), somatic cells can never become germ cells. How did scientists discover this relationship and distinction between somatic and germ cells—the so-called Weismann Barrier—and does it actually exist? Can somatic cells become germ cells in the way germ cells become somatic cells? That is, can germ cells regenerate from somatic cells even though conventional wisdom denies this possibility? Covering research from the late nineteenth century to the 2020s, historian and philosopher of science Kate MacCord explores how scientists came to understand and accept the dubious concept of the Weismann Barrier and what profound implications this convenient assumption has for research and policy, from genome editing to stem cell research, and much more.Neuroendocrinology of Behavior and Emotions: Environmental and Social Factors Affecting Behavior (Masterclass in Neuroendocrinology #16)
Par Heather K. Caldwell, H. Elliott Albers. 2024
This volume highlights current research on how the neuroendocrine system helps to influence emotional states and ultimately behavioral output. Social…
relationships and context-appropriate behavioral responses are important for the survival of most vertebrate species. These relationships can range from transient social interactions to strong social bonding between sexual partners and social behaviors can be observed and evaluated from the individual- to the group-level. Further, behavioral output is shaped by complex interactions between the physical environment, genetics, experience, and context, and are often modulated by the neuroendocrine system. In this book, experts in the field will provide a sweeping look at novel research in the neuroendocrine regulation of important behaviors ranging from parental care to social homeostasis, with a focus on comparative studies across vertebrate species. The first part of the book is dedicated to theneuroendocrinology of relationships, including the coordination of acoustic signals in songbirds, the complexity of social relationships in primates, and cooperation and parenting in humans. The second part of the book focuses on social behaviors and provides some insights into their regulation, including the neuroendocrine regulation of maternal behavior in rodents, the roles of oxytocin and vasopressin in the modulation of sex-specific social behavior, the interactions between adult neurogenesis, the neuroendocrine system and social behavior, and a consideration of neuroendocrine influences on reproductive decision making across species. The book concludes with a section on environmental influences on neuroendocrine systems underlying behavior, including how social isolation and endocrine disrupting chemicals affect the neuroendocrinology of behavior and emotions. Given its breadth, this volume is appropriate for undergraduate students, graduate students, postdoctoral researchers, and established researchers who are interested in neuroendocrinology and behavior. This is the sixteenth volume in the International Neuroendocrine Federation (INF) Masterclass in Neuroendocrinology series, which aims to illustrate the highest standards and highlight the latest technologies in basic and clinical research and aspires to provide inspiration for further exploration into the exciting field of neuroendocrinology.Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Potential of Cyanobacteria
Par Muhammad Aamer Mehmood, Pradeep Verma, Maulin P. Shah, Michael J. Betenbaugh. 2024
Cyanobacteria are the extraordinary microbes that are believed to have started life on Earth. It's been billions of years since…
they colonized this planet. Now, the question arises, what has made them so successful? The answer to this question lies in their remarkable potential to survive unfavorable environments, their substantial ability to fix the atmospheric carbon through photosynthesis, and their amazing secondary metabolites having antioxidant, osmo-protectants, and stress-tolerance abilities. Research on cyanobacteria has shown that these secondary metabolites and the substantial photosynthetic rates of cyanobacteria can be exploited for environmental, industrial, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical applications. This book “Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Potential of Cyanobacteria” is a collection of 14 book chapters that have covered almost all aspects related to the opportunities, challenges, and potential applications whileemploying cyanobacteria as feedstock for various industrial and environmental applications with a special focus on pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications. Some sections have also covered the enhanced biosynthesis, extraction, storage, and marketing of the cyanobacterial bioactive compounds (phycobilins, carotenoids, fatty acids, amino acids), and applications of cyanobacteria as food/feed of the future. We believe that this book will provide substantial learning opportunities to the readers including graduate students, academicians, phycologists, policymakers, environmental entrepreneurs, and industrialists. This book could be included in SDG 12 publications.Citrus Fruits and Juice: Processing and Quality Profiling
Par Arun Kumar Gupta, Jasmeet Kour, Poonam Mishra. 2024
This book provides a comprehensive overview of current scientific research on citrus juice and by-product technologies. It covers various aspects…
of citrus and its processing, encompassing biochemistry, advanced juice processing technology, and health considerations. The book also delves into testing methodologies for various chemicals, phytochemicals, and bitter compounds. Furthermore, it presents innovative and efficient methods for the detection, quantification, and removal of bitter chemicals to enhance the commercial appeal of bitter cultivars. A special emphasis is placed on non-thermal processing, exploring the multifaceted aspects of citrus juice processing, including by-products. In addition, the book addresses the safety aspects of processed juice and related products, a topic often overlooked in other works. It particularly highlights the packaging requirements for juice and related goods. This book is tailored for researchers, students, and professionals in the food processing industry.Robot 2023: Advances in Robotics, Volume 1 (Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems #976)
Par Lino Marques, Cristina Santos, José Luís Lima, Danilo Tardioli, Manuel Ferre. 2024
Advancements in Urban Environmental Studies: Application of Geospatial Technology and Artificial Intelligence in Urban Studies (GIScience and Geo-environmental Modelling)
Par Atiqur Rahman, Shouraseni Sen Roy, Swapan Talukdar, Shahfahad. 2023
According to UN estimates, approximately nearly half of the world's population now lives in cities and that figure is expected to…
rise to almost 70% by 2050. Cities now account for around 70% of worldwide greenhouse gas emissions, and this percentage is predicted to rise in the near future as a result of projected increases in global urbanization patterns. It is widely acknowledged that irrational urban planning and design can increase emissions while also exacerbating threats and risks, resulting in a slew of environmental issues such as urban heat islands, air pollution, flooding, amongst other issues, as well as environmental, social, and economic losses. Therefore, these concerns must be addressed promptly in order to cope up with these rising difficulties and make urban environments safer for residents. With the advancement of remote sensing technology and the use of current remote observation systems, urban data science, remote sensing, and artificial intelligence (AI), modeling and quantifying emergent difficulties in urban regions and urban systems have become easy. They aid in the quantitative analysis of urban shape, functions, and human behavior in cities. Harvesting data, developing models, and suggesting new methodologies will be aided by combining urban ecology with new breakthroughs in data science. This book is of great value to a diverse group of academicians, scientists, students, environmentalists, meteorologists, urban planners, remote sensing and GIS experts with a common interest in geospatial sciences within the earth environmental sciences, as well as human and social sciences.This Springer essential explains the theoretical foundations for knowledge-based interpretation of medical laboratory data. Self-organization of biological structure, non-linear dynamics of complex systems…
and immunological network theories make it possible to describe pathomechanisms and diagnostics, especially of chronic diseases, as an expression of a phenotypic biology and to develop concepts for causal therapies.The book shows how CSF diagnostics with a diagnostic report integrating all laboratory data can identify disease-typical patterns for the differential diagnosis of bacterial, viral, parasitic, oncological, chronic inflammatory, autoimmunological and psychiatric diseases. A CSF app is provided as a tutorial program.The translation from German was done with the help of artificial intelligence. A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content.Grundkurs Datenbankentwicklung: Von der Anforderungsanalyse zur komplexen Datenbankanfrage
Par Stephan Kleuker. 2024
Mit diesem Buch erhalten Studierende einen kompakten und praxisorientierten Einstieg, mit dem sie bereits früh im Studium sehr gut zurechtkommen.…
Die verschiedenen Phasen einer Datenbankentwicklung werden mit ihren Vorgehensweisen, Konzepten und möglichen Problemquellen vorgestellt. Gerade die Anforderungsanalyse und die Möglichkeit zur Erstellung mächtiger SQL-Anfragen werden als besonders praxisrelevante Aspekte betont. Durch die im zweiten Teil detailliert vorgestellte Integration von Datenbanken in die umgebende Software sind Studierende nach der Lektüre in der Lage, in Praxisprojekten erfolgreich mitzuarbeiten. Das Buch deckt inhaltlich eine Einführungsvorlesung vollständig ab. Die 5. Auflage wurde um das Thema JPA (Objekt-Relationale-Persistenz), Trigger in Java ergänzt. Zusätzlich werden Unterschiede zwischen Oracle, Maria DB, SQLite und Apache Derby erläutert. Neben vielen kleinen Beispielen zur Verdeutlichung einzelner Aspekte wird ein durchgehendes Beispiel genutzt. Alle Kapitel schließen mit Wiederholungsfragen und Übungsaufgaben, deren Lösungen online zum Download zur Verfügung stehen.Australian Caves and Karst Systems (Cave and Karst Systems of the World)
Par John Webb, Susan White, Garry K. Smith. 2023
This book, part of the series Cave and Karst Systems of the World, begins with a review of the interaction…
between people and caves in Australia (including conservation), followed by descriptions of the spectacular cave diving sites, before comprehensively covering all the major carbonate and noncarbonate karst areas, subdivided by rock type and region, and including the origin of the caves. This is followed by broad overviews of cave minerals and speleothems, cave biology and cave fossils. Each section was written by one or more specialists in the topic and is illustrated by clear diagrams and superb colour photos. The book emphasises the unique aspects of the Australian karst, including the variability in the age of the caves (very old to very young) and the impact of isolation on the stygofauna, as well as the vertebrate fossils preserved in the caves. Written in an easy-to-read style, the book is a primary reference guide to Australian karst and represents a valuable asset for anyone interested in the topic, not only cavers and academics.Digital Transformation: Technology, Tools, and Studies (Intelligent Systems Reference Library #253)
Par Lucian-Ionel Cioca, Larisa Ivascu, Florin Gheorghe Filip, Banciu Doina. 2024
This book presents a multidisciplinary approach to digital transformation process of organizational transformation, offering support throughout the implementation process to…
all those interested. The digital transformation (DT) is a priority for many companies in the context of technological evolution. The use of appropriate tools, methodologies, methods, approaches, and techniques for DT, depending on the organizational characteristics, can contribute to a complete approach to organizational processes and to their efficiency. Digital transformation involves the adoption and use of new digital technologies to develop new products and services, modify existing ones and develop new business models to increase efficiency, productivity, and competitiveness. Starting from marketing to culture and education to health, automotive, engineering, mobility and human resources and others, it is addressed to professionals, practitioners, researchers, students, and other interested parties.Plastids: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #2776)
Par Eric Maréchal. 2024
This second edition volume expands on the previous edition with new and updated chapters that explore our current view on…
plastid evolution, structure, and function. The chapters in this book are organized into three parts and cover topics such as plastid evolution, plasticity, and functional and structural diversity; techniques used to visualize, fractionate, purify, and study primary plastids from plant materials, and secondary plastids; and methods to analyze plastids by integrated biology strategies based on genetics, genomics, proteomics, and lipidomics. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.Cutting-edge and authoritative, Plastids: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition is a valuable resource that willhelp students, engineers, and researchers further explore and understand this fascinating organelle.Ctenophores: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #2757)
Par Leonid L. Moroz. 2024
This volume explores emerging approaches and methods inspired by recent research using ctenophores or placozoans, facilitating the study of these…
enigmatic species and ancient animal lineages. Practical protocols are integrated with introductory chapters about general biology, summarizing the diversity, evolution, genomics, development, and neurobiology of these organisms. Special chapters outline strategies and applications for culturing, microscopy, physiology, electrical synapses, and bioluminescence, molecular and single-cell biology, transcription factors, as well as gene and protein expression analyses. The book also contains bioinformatics and computational chapters covering peptidomics and epigenomics. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include detailed implementation advice that leads to dependable results in the laboratory. Authoritative and practical, Ctenophores: Methods and Protocols is anideal resource for comparative and experimental biologists and interdisciplinary scientists aiming to decipher fundamental principles of animal organization, origin, and the evolution of biological complexity in general, opening novel avenues for future synthetic biology research.Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Sustainability in Civil Engineering: ICSCE 2022, 25-27 November, Hanoi, Vietnam (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering #344)
Par Tung Nguyen-Xuan, Thanh Nguyen-Viet, Thanh Bui-Tien, Tuan Nguyen-Quang, Guido De Roeck. 2024
This book contains the proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Sustainability in Civil Engineering, ICSCE 2022, held on November…
25–27, 2022, in Hanoi, Vietnam. It presents the expertise of scientists and engineers in academia and industry in the field of bridge and highway engineering, construction materials, environmental engineering, engineering in Industry 4.0, geotechnical engineering, structural damage detection and health monitoring, structural engineering, geographic information system engineering, traffic, transportation and logistics engineering, and water resources, estuary, and coastal engineering.Nonlinear Second Order Elliptic Equations
Par Mingxin Wang, Peter Y. Pang. 2024
This book focuses on the following three topics in the theory of boundary value problems of nonlinear second order elliptic…
partial differential equations and systems: (i) eigenvalue problem, (ii) upper and lower solutions method, (iii) topological degree method, and deals with the existence of solutions, more specifically non-constant positive solutions, as well as the uniqueness, stability and asymptotic behavior of such solutions.While not all-encompassing, these topics represent major approaches to the theory of partial differential equations and systems, and should be of significant interest to graduate students and researchers. Two appendices have been included to provide a good gauge of the prerequisites for this book and make it reasonably self-contained.A notable strength of the book is that it contains a large number of substantial examples. Exercises for the reader are also included. Therefore, this book is suitable as a textbook for graduate students who havealready had an introductory course on PDE and some familiarity with functional analysis and nonlinear functional analysis, and as a reference for researchers.Recent Advances in Structural Engineering: Select Proceedings of IACESD-2023 (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering #455)
Par K. S. Sreekeshava, Sreevalsa Kolathayar, N. Vinod Chandra Menon. 2024
This book presents select proceedings of the International Conference on Interdisciplinary Approaches in Civil Engineering for Sustainable Development (IACESD 2023)…
hosted under the aegis of the Group of Twenty (G20) and Civil 20(C20) at Jyothy Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, India. The topics covered in this book include innovative design approaches, advanced materials and cutting-edge technologies aimed at enhancing the resilience of structures against various hazards (such as seismic events, hurricanes, floods, and extreme weather conditions). It also covers topics such as structural integrity and longevity of buildings and infrastructure, advanced monitoring systems, data analytics and intelligent structural health monitoring. This book is useful for researchers and professionals in the field of structural engineering.Digital Transformation in Higher Education Institutions (EAI/Springer Innovations in Communication and Computing)
Par Andreia de Bem Machado, Maria José Sousa, Francesca Dal Mas, Silvana Secinaro, Davide Calandra. 2024
This book analyzes digital technologies being used in the teaching-learning process. The authors show how the use of AI in…
higher education can provide personalized education through the automation of administrative teaching tasks, software programs that favor the detection of topics that need reinforcement in the classroom, the guidance and support of students outside the classroom, and the use of data intelligently to teach and support students. In addition, the authors show how to further personalize education with the use of augmented reality, adaptive platforms, intelligent tutor systems, Chatbots, adaptive learning, computer aided instruction, MOOCs, and robotics. The authors answer questions such as: What sustainable educational technologies can be used in the teaching-learning process; How can Blockchain technology and AI be applied in higher education; How can the metaverse be applied in virtual learning environments? The book is relevant to researchers, professionals, andstudents interested in technology and education.Robot 2023: Advances in Robotics, Volume 2 (Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems #978)
Par Lino Marques, Cristina Santos, José Luís Lima, Danilo Tardioli, Manuel Ferre. 2024
This book contains a selection of papers accepted for presentation and discussion at ROBOT2023, the Sixth Iberian Robotics Conference, held…
in the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal, during November 22nd-24th, 2023. ROBOT2023 is part of a series of conferences that are jointly organized by Sociedade Portuguesa de Robótica (SPR) / Portuguese Society for Robotics and by Sociedad Española para la Investigación y Desarrollo en Robótica (SEIDROB) / Spanish Society for Research and Development in Robotics. These conferences, now occurring with a yearly periodicity, provide a forum to roboticists mostly from Iberia, but also from other parts of the world, to present and discuss their research results, new developments, and applications in the field of Robotics. The volume 1 of this book contains 45 papers addressing fundamental aspects of mobile robotics and robot manipulation while volume 2 contains 45 papers covering the application of robotics in different domains and environments.Eucalyptus Kraft Pulp Refining
Par Vail Manfredi. 2024
This book presents a brief history of papermaking followed by comments regarding wood as a source of fibers, including its…
chemical and anatomical characteristics and the influence of these aspects on the quality of the pulp produced. In addition, the author describes the effects of the pulping process, mainly a chemical process, on pulp quality and how these wood characteristics influence both the refining process as the quality of the final paper. The book further provides a broad discussion, based on experimental results, on the contribution of the main operating refining variables and the main strategies that can be used industrially to optimize the operating results. From this evaluation, the parameter that complements the specific edge load theory is identified. This parameter is related to the retention time of the fiber flocs inside the refiner.Mountain Environments: Natural Landscapes and Human Adaptations to Diversity (Earth and Environmental Sciences Library)
Par José M. García-Ruiz, José Arnáez, Teodoro Lasanta, Estela Nadal-Romero, Juan Ignacio López- Moreno. 2024
This book studies mountains with a global perspective, like a complex topographic and topoclimatic mosaic organized in altitudinal belts that…
are influenced by a huge variability in slopes, soils, lithology and insolation. Furthermore, the presence of lower temperatures, higher precipitation and the seasonal presence of snow create conditions conductive to supporting various life forms and natural geomorphological and hydrological processes. The integration of environmental and human aspects highlights the impacts of human activities and climate fluctuations on soil hydrology, soil erosion, water resources, and landscape/landforms evolution. After presenting the way in which humans (from Prehistory to Alexander von Humboldt) discovered the mountains, subsequent chapters try to underline the importance of mountains in generating water resources and hydropower for lowlands, serving as biodiversity hotspots, and contributing to cultural diversity. The book delves into the role ofhuman actives in transforming the natural landscapes and creating new cultural landscapes. This exploration considers the significance of altitudinal belts in shaping the spatial and temporal organization of land uses which, in turn, have been determined by population growth and the development of regional and national markets. Additionally, the book illustrates the effect of global change on mountain evolution, exploring their consequences on landscape characteristics and dynamics as well as on the planetary role of the mountains. It concludes by offering a unique perspective on enhancing mountain conservation in order to preserve cultures, land uses, and landscapes.Environmental Nanotoxicology: Combatting the Minute Contaminants
Par Patrick Omoregie Isibor, Geetha Devi, Alex Ajeh Enuneku. 2024
Environmental Nanotoxicology: Combatting the Minute Contaminants is a comprehensive guide to the rapidly evolving field of nanotoxicology and its implications for…
environmental health and safety. This book results from the collaborative efforts of leading experts and researchers from diverse disciplines, aiming to thoroughly understand the interactions between nanomaterials and the environment and their potential impacts on the delicate balance of our ecosystems.Nanotechnology has witnessed remarkable innovations leading to the development of nanomaterials with novel properties and applications across various industries. Alongside these innovations, concerns have arisen about the potential risks that nanomaterials may pose to the environment and living organisms. This book addresses these concerns by comprehensively exploring the field's key concepts, principles, and methodologies. It includes case studies and offers insights into developing appropriate regulatoryframeworks and guidelines for the responsible use and disposal of nanomaterials. The book is a valuable resource for researchers and professionals working in nanotoxicology on the complex challenges posed by the intersection of nanomaterials and the environment. It is also an essential reference for students studying environmental science, toxicology, and nanotechnology.