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Income Inequality and the CEO Pay Ratio at TJX Cos
Par Akari Furukawa, Ethan Rouen. 2019
TJX Companies reported a CEO pay ratio of 1,596-to-1 in 2019, leaving board chair Carol Meyrowitz with a host of…
questions about whether, and how, she could take action to address concerns raised by having one of the highest pay ratios in the S&P 500. As a retail company, TJX had 270,000 employees, many making about $10 an hour. On the other hand, CEO Ernie Hermann made $19 million in 2019 as he successfully steered the company through the tumultuous retail environment. Meant to be read in tandem with the research note "Income Inequity and Income Inequality," this case examines the current disclosures companies make related to income inequality and asks whether they are sufficient or how they can be improved. This discussion around disclosure also provides opportunities to examine the role of the firm in creating income inequality and how the firm should balance its obligations to shareholders and employees when those obligations may be in conflict. Lastly, the case and note address the CEO pay setting process to give students an understanding of how pay is determined.Rajat Gupta
Par Eugene Soltes, Paul M. Healy. 2016
Rajat Gupta, former managing director of McKinsey & Company, a director of Goldman Sachs, Proctor & Gamble, and AMR, and…
a well-known philanthropist, was convicted of engaging in insider trading. The case explores Gupta's rise and the later legal problems he faced.The Law of Tax-Exempt Organizations: 2024 Cumulative Supplement
Par Bruce R. Hopkins, Shane T. Hamilton. 2024
Understand the newest developments in the law and regulation of tax-exempt organizations In the 2024 Cumulative Supplement to The Law…
of Tax-Exempt Organizations, 12th Edition, a team of experienced and renowned attorneys delivers the latest developments in the ever-evolving tangle of laws and regulations impacting on the operation of tax-exempt entities in the United States. You’ll find discussions of the most recent Treasury Department regulations, Internal Revenue Service revenue rulings and revenue procedures, and federal court opinions (and the occasional state court opinion of particular importance) from 2023 and 2024. The authors explore new private letter rulings from the IRS, updating the public on their position on a wide array of issues with day-to-day applicability to tax exempt organizations. You’ll also find: Incisive and authoritative analysis of recent federal court decisions impacting the managers, officers, and directors of tax-exempt organizations The authors’ valuable insights into the efficacy and correctness of the various rulings, procedures, and opinions from government agencies issued since 2023 Careful consideration of the effect of the growing number of laws, regulations, and procedures impacting the management of tax-exempt entitiesPerfect for the managers, directors, and officers of tax-exempt organizations, the 2024 Cumulative Supplement to the 12th edition of The Law of Tax-Exempt Organizations will also prove invaluable to the lawyers, accountants, and other professionals who serve them.Cash Is King: Maintain Liquidity, Build Capital, and Prepare Your Business for Every Opportunity
Par Peter W. Kingma. 2024
An illuminating exploration of the importance of your company's cash position and the steps you can take to ensure organizational…
liquidity In Cash is King, working capital and cash strategist Peter W. Kingma delivers an insightful and practical discussion of why your company's cash position should be on an equal footing with sales, cost, and service, and how to make that happen. You'll learn why cash is the fuel in your corporate engine and discover the attributes of an organizational cash culture and how to adopt them within your own firm. While explaining some of the most important—and most misunderstood—corporate finance concepts, this book is not a finance textbook. Instead, it uses case study examples to offer concrete suggestions for improvements in your company that increase the availability of cash when you most need it. You'll also find: Discussions of the importance of sufficient liquidity for operational concerns, research and development, and capital improvements Explorations of the consequences of insufficient cash positions Examinations of the ripple effects of seemingly small decisions that affect cash supply An essential resource for managers, executives, and business leaders everywhere, Cash is King is an effective and hands-on exploration of cash as the lifeblood of any modern commercial entity and an incisive guide to ensuring that your company will have enough of it when its required.Data-Driven Innovation in the Creative Industries (Routledge Research in the Creative and Cultural Industries)
Par Melissa Terras, Vikki Jones, Nicola Osborne, Chris Speed. 2024
The creative industries – the place where art, business, and technology meet in economic activity – have been hugely affected…
by the relatively recent digitalisation (and often monetisation) of work, home, relationships, and leisure. Such trends were accelerated by the global COVID-19 pandemic. This edited collection examines how the creative industries can be supported to make best use of opportunities in digital technology and data-driven innovation.Since digital markets and platforms are now essential for revenue generation and audience engagement, there is a vital need for improved data and digital skills in the creative and cultural sectors. Taking a necessarily global perspective, this book explores the challenges and opportunities of data-driven approaches to creativity in different contexts across the arts, cultural, and heritage sectors. Chapters reach beyond the platforms and approaches provided by the technology sector to delve into the collaborative work that supports innovation around the interdisciplinary and cross-sectoral issues that emerge where data infrastructures and approaches meet creativity.A novel intervention that uniquely centres the role of data in the theory and practice of creative industries’ innovation, this book is valuable reading for those researching and studying the creative economy as well for those who drive investment for the creative industries in a digitalised society.The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 International license.Ardian: Portfolio Company Governance
Par Emer Moloney, Lynn Sharp Paine, Tonia Labruyere. 2017
Leaders of the mid cap buyout group at Ardian, the Paris-based private equity firm led by Dominique Senequier, have been…
asked to review and assess the governance model the firm uses for majority-owned companies in its portfolio. The case describes the governance model and then shows how it has worked in practice at two companies: Italy's orthopedic implant maker Lima Corporate and French chemical company Novacap. For each company, the case describes how Ardian decided on the investment and established a board of directors, and details the deliberations around some of the critical decisions made by each board during Ardian's tenure as majority shareholder. Through the two examples of Lima and Novacap, the case invites students to evaluate Ardian's approach to corporate governance in its portfolio companies and to recommend possible changes or improvements.Spotting Institutional Voids in Emerging Markets
Par Krishna G. Palepu, Tarun Khanna. 2005
With the demise of communism, many countries in the world are striving to build their economic activity around markets and…
to participate in free trade arrangements, such as the World Trade Organization (WTO), European Union (EU), and North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). Addresses several issues critical to understanding the unique nature of emerging markets relative to their more mature counterparts. What is the fundamental challenge in building well-functioning markets? On which sets of institutions do advanced markets rely to resolve these challenges? What makes building these institutions complex? What happens when some of these institutions are either absent or underdeveloped in an economy? How does one spot these institutional voids?Snap Inc. Goes Public (A)
Par Lynn Sharp Paine, Will Hurwitz. 2017
Snap Inc.'s chairman must decide how to address investor concerns about the company's unprecedented plans to issue only non-voting shares…
in its upcoming IPO. The case is set in early 2017 following the public availability of Snap's IPO filing with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). It describes the company's meteoric rise from its conception by its young founders in 2011 to its multi-billion dollar valuation. When Snap filed for its long-anticipated IPO that could value it at more than $20 billion, it described its plans to go public with three share classes providing public investors shares with no votes on matters customarily put to a shareholder vote and allowing its two co-founders control over such matters. The case details the checkered history of multiple share class structures, highlights arguments for and against them, and explores the potential implications for index funds. Investors managing over $3 trillion sent a letter to Snap Chairman Michael Lynton and Co-Founders Evan Spiegel and Robert Murphy asking them to reconsider the share structure just one day after the company's S-1 was made public. As controversy mounted and with the IPO possibly just a month away, Lynton must decide how to respond to the investors' letter.Wendell Weeks at Corning Inc.: Extending a History of Life-Changing Innovations
Par Aldo Sesia, David G. Fubini, Ryan L. Raffaelli. 2019
This case examines the leadership challenges associated with maintaining a culture of innovation in established organizations. It asks students to…
step into the shoes of a leader faced with making several tough decisions about when to invest (or to stop investing) in radical innovation projects. Corning CEO Wendell Weeks, who nearly bankrupted the company in the early 2000s when he overinvested in fiber optics, must initially decide if the company should enter a then-risky deal with Steve Jobs to produce the glass covers for the first generation iPhones. The case then asks students to analyze the Corning's 157-year innovation agenda that started with the development of a bulb-shaped glass encasement for Thomas Edison's new incandescent lamp. In the years that followed, Corning made investments that led to products such as PYREX cookware, fiber-optic broadband cable, LCD television screens, Gorilla Glass, and a recent bet on pharmaceuticals. At the end of the case, Weeks must decide if Corning should continue to invest in a new pharmaceutical packaging product that held enormous promise, but had already cost the company $200 million in R&D and might divert resources and attention from other key business lines.M-KOPA: Empowering Lives
Par Pippa Tubman Armerding, V. Kasturi Rangan, Wale Lawal. 2021
The Pay As You Go solar power company in East Africa had sales of $71 million in 2019. It wished…
to grow to $300 million by 2025. M-KOPA, founded by three entrepreneurs in 2011, had grown nicely in Kenya and Uganda to reach nearly 750,000 households with an innovative direct sales force model. Jesse Moore, the founder, wished to scale the company through organic growth as well as geographical expansion into Nigeria. The strategy called for decisions on product/service offerings and go-to-market options. On the product side the company had increasingly migrated to larger in-home connected electronic and electrical devices. It had to decide how much further to go. On the go-to-market side its innovative Direct Service Representative network was hard to create and manage, and it had to think if there were viable alternatives.Aleph Farms: A New Culture of Meat
Par Elie Ofek, Jeff Huizinga. 2022
Aleph Farms, an Israeli food-tech start-up, was hoping to play a major role in disrupting the conventional meat sector. Compared…
to intensive agricultural practices, Aleph's cultured (or lab-grown) meat solution held the promise of considerably reducing greenhouse gas emissions, as well as the use of land and water, while providing a new source of food for a rapidly growing world population. With much of the science already worked out, the company was now facing a host of challenges as it planned to launch its first product-a cultured steak. In particular, Aleph's CEO, Didier Toubia, and his management team had to figure out the best way to position and bring to market its innovative steaks, with a debut expected in late 2022 in Singapore. Management fully recognized potential barriers to consumer adoption and strived to build a relevant brand image. On the production side, the company knew it had to scale quickly and continue to bring down costs so that its steaks approached price parity with conventional meat. Yet given the intensive capital expenditures involved, this was no simple feat. Planning for the longer term, the company was beginning to consider its next product line.Land Rights, Ethno-nationality and Sovereignty in History (Routledge Explorations in Economic History)
Par Stanley L. Engerman, Jacob Metzer. 2004
Gender in Management
Par Gary N. Powell. 2024
In the Sixth Edition of Gender in Management, author Gary N. Powell provides a comprehensive survey and review of the literature…
on sex, gender, and organizations. With the title change from Women and Men in Management to Gender in Management, the new edition adopts a more inclusive lens that acknowledges the diverse identities and experiences within the gender spectrum. Fully updated sections on intersectionality, public events such as COVID-19 and the Black Lives Matter movement, and the prevalence of AI in hiring decisions provide context to the evolving nature of gender in the workplace and society. Powell provides specific research-based strategies for promoting an organizational culture of nondiscrimination, diversity, and inclusion.Gender in Management
Par Gary N. Powell. 2024
In the Sixth Edition of Gender in Management, author Gary N. Powell provides a comprehensive survey and review of the literature…
on sex, gender, and organizations. With the title change from Women and Men in Management to Gender in Management, the new edition adopts a more inclusive lens that acknowledges the diverse identities and experiences within the gender spectrum. Fully updated sections on intersectionality, public events such as COVID-19 and the Black Lives Matter movement, and the prevalence of AI in hiring decisions provide context to the evolving nature of gender in the workplace and society. Powell provides specific research-based strategies for promoting an organizational culture of nondiscrimination, diversity, and inclusion.Uncomfortably Off: Why Addressing Inequality Matters, Even for High Earners
Par Marcos González Hernando, Gerry Mitchell. 2023
In highly unequal societies such as the UK, where the top 10% take a higher share of disposable income than…
in most other European countries, many feel resentment towards high earners. On paper, they are doing well, but inequality isn’t even working for them. Uncomfortably Off reveals that those generally considered to be the most affluent feel anxious about the future and struggle to keep up, or even to stay put. They are starting to doubt their common sense ideas about hard work and meritocracy as work pays less and less and life is becoming more uncomfortable. This book makes two crucial arguments. First, reducing income inequality will benefit everyone, even those quite near the top. Second, we need to understand the anxieties of high earners to understand their politics. As leading managers and professionals they have disproportionate influence on the institutions that rule over our public life. Their interests are ultimately not that dissimilar from those of the median earner: being able to afford a good quality of life in an ever more expensive and uncertain world. The hope of this book is to prompt high earners to question accepted truths and long-held beliefs that affect how they see themselves and judge others. In doing so, it seeks to help us all understand why dismissing the concerns of this group will not help in the fight to solve inequality.What Price Israel?: 50th Anniversary Edition 1953-2003
Par Alfred M. Lilienthal. 2003
In this classic study, first published by H. Regnery Co. (Chicago, 1953), the anti-Zionist writer Alfred Lilienthal details the activities…
of Zionist organizations in the United States in the 1950s and 1960s. He argues passionately that dual nationality is implicit in Zionist ideology and poses a potential negative impact on the majority of the world's Jews. ABOUT THE AUTHOR Alfred M. Lilienthal is a leading Jewish-American anti-Zionist author and expert on the Middle East. He is the author of The Zionist Connection (1978), There Goes the Middle East (1957), and The Other Side of the Coin (1965).The “soul” centers our activities and inspirations. The body of marketing changes shape rapidly; however, we should not lose sight…
of its “soul”. This volume focuses on preserving the “soul” of marketing in a data-driven world where technology has proliferated amidst a myriad of global challenges. Featuring papers presented at the 2023 Academy of Marketing Science World Marketing Congress held in Canterbury, UK, this book explores ideas, theories and practices to tackle global and economic challenges in marketing and emphasize marketing's contribution to business and society at large, further strengthening the academic community.Founded in 1971, the Academy of Marketing Science is an international organization dedicated to promoting timely explorations of phenomena related to the science of marketing in theory, research, and practice. Among its services to members and the community at large, the Academy offers conferences, congresses, and symposia that attract delegates from around the world. Presentations from these events are published in this Proceedings series, which offers a comprehensive archive of volumes reflecting the evolution of the field. Volumes deliver cutting-edge research and insights, complementing the Academy’s flagship journals, the Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science (JAMS) and AMS Review.Digital Transformation in Higher Education Institutions (EAI/Springer Innovations in Communication and Computing)
Par Andreia de Bem Machado, Maria José Sousa, Francesca Dal Mas, Silvana Secinaro, Davide Calandra. 2024
This book analyzes digital technologies being used in the teaching-learning process. The authors show how the use of AI in…
higher education can provide personalized education through the automation of administrative teaching tasks, software programs that favor the detection of topics that need reinforcement in the classroom, the guidance and support of students outside the classroom, and the use of data intelligently to teach and support students. In addition, the authors show how to further personalize education with the use of augmented reality, adaptive platforms, intelligent tutor systems, Chatbots, adaptive learning, computer aided instruction, MOOCs, and robotics. The authors answer questions such as: What sustainable educational technologies can be used in the teaching-learning process; How can Blockchain technology and AI be applied in higher education; How can the metaverse be applied in virtual learning environments? The book is relevant to researchers, professionals, andstudents interested in technology and education.Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI) GoldenGate: Real-world Examples
Par Y V Ravi Kumar, Raghavendra S, Ankur Goel. 2024
This book focuses on the utilization of GoldenGate Services (GGS) in conjunction with a microservices architecture on the Oracle cloud…
(OCI), primarily for data migration and integration across various data sources and targets.The book begins with a practical example of utilizing GGS on a Marketplace VM, progressively advancing to in-depth discussions on implementing GoldenGate as a Service on OCI. The book offers illustrative guides for data replication between RDBMSs (such as Oracle, Postgres, and big data targets such as Kafka). Additionally, it explores monitoring techniques using Enterprise Manager and Grafana dashboards. A comparative analysis is presented between traditional VM-based GoldenGate installations and the OCI service model. Special attention is given to Zero Downtime Migration (ZDM) and leveraging GGS for database migration from on-premises to OCI. Some chapters address multi-cloud replication using OCI GGS and include real-life case studies.By the end of this book you will have gained comprehensive insights into the architectural design of GoldenGate Services and will be adept at replicating data using GGS, enabling you to replicate setups in your own environments.What You Will LearnSet up GoldenGate Services for high availability (HA), disaster recovery (DR), migration of data to cloud, and moving data into the data lake or lakehousePerform logical migration of data to the cloud using the ZDM tool (ZDM uses GoldenGate internally).Replicate data to big data targetsMonitor GGS using Enterprise Manager and GrafanaReplicate data in a multi-cloud environment Who This Book Is ForOracle database administrators who want to replicate data or use Oracle GoldenGate Services for migration and setup of high availability (HA) and disaster recovery (DR); and data engineers who want tobuild the data warehouse, data lake, data lakehouse to push data in near real-timeThis book provides an account of the transformation of Chinese stakeholders' engagement in Internet governance, from normative contestation to integration,…
and from isolation to an industrial leadership role. The book concludes that Chinese stakeholders are not seeking to fragment the Internet but are rather integrating in the existing global Internet governance mechanisms while adopting strong regulation domestically. This counters a widespread media (and academic) narrative on China as the promoter of an alternative Internet and/or an alternative model of Internet governance. These conclusions are reached through a mix of qualitative methods, including interviews with people involved first-hand in Internet governance, such as technologists engaged in the making of Internet and mobile connectivity standards.