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The Asian Tsunami and Post-Disaster Aid
Par Sunita Reddy. 2018
Through the lens of the Asian tsunami this book problematizes concepts that are normally taken for granted in disaster…
discourse including relief recovery reconstruction and rehabilitation The unprecedented flow of humanitarian aid after the Asian tsunami though well-intentioned showed adverse effects and unintended consequences in the lives of people in the communities across nations Aid led not only to widespread relief and recovery but also to an exacerbation of old forms of inequities and the creation of new ones arising from the prioritization distribution and management of aid This in turn led to the incongruity between the needs and expectations of the affected and the agendas of aid agencies and their various intermediaries This book examines the long-term consequences of post-disaster aid by posing the following questions What has the aid been expended on Where has the aid primarily been expended and how And what were the unintended consequences of post-disaster aid for the communities This topical volume is of interest to social scientists human rights and law researchers and environmental scientists interested in disaster studiesCollective Violence and the Agrarian Origins of South African Apartheid, 1900-1948
Par John Higginson. 2015
This book examines the dark odyssey of official and private collective violence against the rural African population and Africans in…
general during the two generations before apartheid became the primary justification for the existence of the South African state. John Higginson discusses how Africans fought back against the entire spectrum of violence ranged against them, demonstrating just how contingent apartheid was on the struggle to hijack the future of the African majority.Handbook of Social Work Practice with Vulnerable and Resilient Populations
Par Alex Gitterman. 2014
Every day, social workers deal with individuals, families, and groups struggling with problems that are often chronic, persistent, acute, and/or…
unexpected. When community and family support systems are weak or unavailable, and when internal resources fail, these populations become vulnerable to physical, cognitive, emotional, and social deterioration.Yet despite numerous risk factors, a large number of vulnerable people do live happy and productive lives. This best-selling handbook examines not only risk and vulnerability factors in disadvantaged populations but also resilience and protective strategies for managing and overcoming adversity. This third edition reflects new demographic data, research findings, and theoretical developments and accounts for changing economic and political realities and immigration and health care policy reforms. Contributors have expanded their essays to include practice with individuals, families, and groups, and new chapters consider working with military members and their families, victims and survivors of terrorism and torture, bullied children, and young men of color.Patterns and Profiles of Promising Learners from Poverty
Par Joyce Vantassel-Baska. 2009
Elite Parties, Poor Voters
Par Tariq Thachil. 2014
Why do poor people often vote against their material interests? This puzzle has been famously studied within wealthy Western democracies,…
yet the fact that the poor voter paradox also routinely manifests within poor countries has remained unexplored. This book studies how this paradox emerged in India, the world's largest democracy. Tariq Thachil shows how arguments from studies of wealthy democracies (such as moral values voting) and the global south (such as patronage or ethnic appeals) cannot explain why poor voters in poor countries support parties that represent elite policy interests. He instead draws on extensive survey data and fieldwork to document a novel strategy through which elite parties can recruit the poor, while retaining the rich. He shows how these parties can win over disadvantaged voters by privately providing them with basic social services via grassroots affiliates. Such outsourcing permits the party itself to continue to represent the policy interests of their privileged base.On the basis of thermodynamic considerations and the Earth s historical processes this book argues the physical…
inevitability of life s generation and evolution i e Why did life generate Why does life evolve Following an introduction to the problem the hypothesis Darwinian Evolution of Molecules is proposed which explains how when and where life was instigated through successive chemical reactions and the survival of selected molecules The individual processes described are all scientifically reasonable being verifiable by experiment The hypothesis is supported by extensive reference to the scientific literature published in academic journals including some experimental reports from the author s own research group The readers of this book will learn that the decreasing temperature of the early Earth led to a reduction in its entropy inducing the Earth s materials to order which entailed ordering of the light elements as organic molecules with subsequent further ordering i e evolution to systems that can be considered alive i e life Researchers and students as well as the non-academic audience interested in the interdisciplinary problem of the origin of life will find suggestions and possible approaches to the scientific and conceptual problems they may be facingOrigins of the Women's Rights Movement (Finding a Voice: Women's Fight for Equal)
Par Leeanne Gelletly. 2013
In the 1800s, women were second-class citizens. By law, married women were owned by their husbands. Women had no political…
rights. They could not vote. They could not hold office. By custom, women did not dare speak before men in public. But some women refused to be silenced. They saw wrongs in the world that needed fixing. The injustice of slavery led women like Lucretia Mott, Angelina Grimké, and Lucy Stone to step outside traditional roles. As women abolitionists, they lectured, circulated petitions, and lobbied lawmakers. But female reformers soon became frustrated. Men-only groups prevented women from speaking. Their help was often rejected. This led a determined few to call for equal rights for women. Among the movement's early leaders were Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony. Along with many other women activists, they would fight for a woman's right to be a true citizen of the United States.Population and Overcrowding (Africa: Progress and Problems)
Par Tunde Obadina. 2014
Africa is the worlds poorest continent, and it also has the worlds fastest-growing population. Many observers have concluded that overpopulation…
is a root cause of Africas poverty, and that if the continent is ever to emerge from underdevelopment its rapid population growth will have to be slowed. This book examines those assertions, offering a wealth of statistical and other evidence to suggest that the link between African poverty and the size of Africas population is by no means definitive. The book also examines the important demographic trendssuch as rapid urbanization, elevated mortality rates from the HIV/AIDS epidemic, and continued high fertilitythat will help shape African societies in the decades to come.Poverty and Morality
Par William A. Galston, Peter H. Hoffenberg. 2004
This multi-authored book explores the ways that many influential ethical traditions - secular and religious, Western and non-Western - wrestle…
with the moral dimensions of poverty and the needs of the poor. These traditions include Buddhism, Christianity, Confucianism, Hinduism, Islam, and Judaism, among the religious perspectives; classical liberalism, feminism, liberal-egalitarianism, and Marxism, among the secular; and natural law, which might be claimed by both. The basic questions addressed by each of these traditions are linked to several overarching themes: what poverty is, the particular vulnerabilities of high-risk groups, responsibility for the occurrence of poverty, preferred remedies, how responsibility for its alleviation is distributed, and priorities in the delivery of assistance. This volume features an introduction to the types, scope, and causes of poverty in the modern world and concludes with Michael Walzer's broadly conceived commentary, which provides a direct comparison of the presented views and makes suggestions for further study and policy.Violence against Women and Girls
Par The World Bank. 2014
This report documents the dynamics of violence against women in South Asia across the life cycle, from early childhood to…
old age. It explores the different types of violence that women may face throughout their lives, as well as the associated perpetrators (male and female), risk and protective factors for both victims and perpetrators, and interventions to address violence across all life cycle stages. The report also analyzes the societal factors that drive the primarily male - but also female - perpetrators to commit violence against women in the region. For each stage and type of violence, the report critically reviews existing research from Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka, supplemented by original analysis and select literature from outside the region. Policies and programs that address violence against women and girls are analyzed in order to highlight key actors and promising interventions. Finally, the report identifies critical gaps in research, program evaluations, and interventions in order to provide strategic recommendations for policy makers, civil society, and other stakeholders working to mitigate violence against women in South Asia.A Woman's Place in Early America (Finding a Voice: Women's Fight for Equal)
Par Leeanne Gelletly. 2013
In early America, married women had no rights under law. They belonged to their husbands. Their voices were not heard…
in public. But with the War of Independence, women found a voice as patriots. They supported the rebellion with boycotts. During wartime, women spied on the enemy. They served as messengers. They tended the wounded. Some even served as soldiers. Women performed daring feats of bravery. And they proved they were capable of doing much more than 18-century society allowed them. Some women called for change. Abigail Adams asked that the laws of the new nation recognize legal and educational rights for women. Judith Sargent Murray called for educational reform. It would take several more decades before women took up the cause for their legal, educational, and political rights. But leaders of the movement would be able to look to 18th-century American women for inspiration.Child Neglect: Practice Issues for Health and Social Care
Par Julie Taylor, Brigid Daniel, Danielle Turney, Geraldine Macdonald, Helen Buckley. 2005
Neglect is now recognized as leading to significantly poor outcomes for children in the short and long term. It is…
a matter of concern for all professionals who work with children. Children who are neglected are not likely to seek help in their own right and are highly dependent on professionals such as health visitors and schoolteachers identifying and responding to their needs for support and protection. In order to carry out the key tasks of prevention, recognition and response to neglect, practitioners require up-to-date evidence-based information about the aetiology and signs of neglect and what works in prevention and response. This book addresses the key themes in child neglect, draws on current research and practice knowledge and sets out the implications for practice. With a joint health and social work focus, this interdisciplinary book is an essential resource for practitioners, academics and policy makers working towards integrated and collaborative childcare services.The Institutional Origins of Communal Violence
Par Yuhki Tajima. 2014
Why are transitions from authoritarian rule often marked by spikes in communal violence? Through examining Indonesia's recent transition to democracy,…
this book develops a novel theoretical explanation for this phenomenon that also accounts for why some communities are vulnerable to violence during such transitions while others are able to maintain order. Yuhki Tajima argues that repressive intervention by security forces in Indonesia during the authoritarian period rendered some communities dependent on the state to maintain intercommunal security, whereas communities with a more tenuous exposure to the state developed their own informal institutions to maintain security. As the coercive grip of the authoritarian regime loosened, communities that were more accustomed to state intervention were more vulnerable to spikes in communal violence until they developed informal institutions that were better adapted for less state intervention. To test the theory, Tajima employs extensive fieldwork in, and rigorous statistical evidence from, Indonesia as well as cross-national data.Representing the Advantaged
Par Daniel M. Butler. 2014
Political inequality is a major issue in American politics, with racial minorities and low-income voters receiving less favorable representation. Scholars…
argue that this political inequality stems largely from differences in political participation and that if all citizens participated equally we would achieve political equality. Daniel M. Butler shows that this common view is incorrect. He uses innovative field and survey experiments involving public officials to show that a significant amount of bias in representation traces its roots to the information, opinions, and attitudes that politicians bring to office and suggests that even if all voters participated equally, there would still be significant levels of bias in American politics because of differences in elite participation. Butler's work provides a new theoretical basis for understanding inequality in American politics and insights into what institutional changes can be used to fix the problem.The Sociology of War and Violence
Par Sinisa Malesevic. 2009
War is a highly complex and dynamic form of social conflict. This new book demonstrates the importance of using sociological…
tools to understand the changing character of war and organised violence. The author offers an original analysis of the historical and contemporary impact that coercion and warfare have on the transformation of social life, and vice versa. Although war and violence were decisive components in the formation of modernity most analyses tend to shy away from the sociological study of the gory origins of contemporary social life. In contrast, this book brings the study of organised violence to the fore by providing a wide-ranging sociological analysis that links classical and contemporary theories with specific historical and geographical contexts. Topics covered include violence before modernity, warfare in the modern age, nationalism and war, war propaganda, battlefield solidarity, war and social stratification, gender and organised violence, and the new wars debate.Between Families and Frankenstein: The Politics of Egg Donation in the United States
Par Erin Heidt-Forsythe. 2018
In the United States egg donation for reproduction and egg donation for research involve the same procedures the…
same risks and the same population of donors disadvantaged women at the intersections of race and class Yet cultural attitudes and state-level policies regarding egg donation are dramatically different depending on whether the donation is for reproduction or for research Erin Heidt-Forsythe explores the ways that framing egg donation itself creates diverse politics in the United States which unlike other Western democracies has no centralized method of regulating donations relying instead on market forces and state legislatures to regulate egg donation and reproductive technologies Beginning with a history of scientific research around the human egg the book connects historical debates about the natural reproduction and unnatural research uses of women s eggs to contemporary political regulation of egg donation Examining egg donation in California New York Arizona and Louisiana and coupled with original data on how egg donation has been regulated over the last twenty years this book is the first comprehensive overview and analysis of the politics of egg donation across the United StatesThe Dark
Par Sergio Chejfec, Heather Cleary. 2000
Opening with the presently shut-in narrator reminiscing about a past relationship with Delia, a young factory worker, The Dark employs…
Chejfec's signature style with an emphasis on the geography and motion of the mind, to recount the time the narrator spent with this multifaceted, yet somewhat absent, woman. The Dark is the most captivating example of Chejfec's unique narrative approach.Living with Insecurity in a Brazilian Favela
Par R. Ben Penglase. 2014
The residents of Caxambu, a squatter neighborhood in Rio de Janeiro, live in a state of insecurity as they face…
urban violence Living with Insecurity in a Brazilian Favela examines how inequality, racism, drug trafficking, police brutality, and gang activities affect the daily lives of the people of Caxambu. Some Brazilians see these communities, known as favelas, as centers of drug trafficking that exist beyond the control of the state and threaten the rest of the city. For other Brazilians, favelas are symbols of economic inequality and racial exclusion. Ben Penglase's ethnography goes beyond these perspectives to look at how the people of Caxambu themselves experience violence Although the favela is often seen as a war zone, the residents are linked to each other through bonds of kinship and friendship. In addition, residents often take pride in homes and public spaces that they have built and used over generations. Penglase notes that despite poverty, their lives are not completely defined by illegal violence or deprivation. He argues that urban violence and a larger context of inequality create a social world that is deeply contradictory and ambivalent. The unpredictability and instability of daily experiences result in disagreements and tensions, but the residents also experience their neighborhood as a place of social intimacy. As a result, the social world of the neighborhood is both a place of danger and safety.Everyday Violence in the Irish Civil War
Par Gemma Clark. 2014
Everyday Violence in the Irish Civil War presents an innovative study of violence perpetrated by and against non-combatants during the…
Irish Civil War, 1922-3. Drawing from victim accounts of wartime injury as recorded in compensation claims, Dr Gemma Clark sheds new light on hundreds of previously neglected episodes of violence and intimidation - ranging from arson, boycott and animal maiming to assault, murder and sexual violence - that transpired amongst soldiers, civilians and revolutionaries throughout the period of conflict. The author shows us how these micro-level acts, particularly in the counties of Limerick, Tipperary and Waterford, served as an attempt to persecute and purge religious and political minorities and to force redistribution of land. Clark also assesses the international significance of the war, comparing the cruel yet arguably restrained violence that occurred in Ireland with the brutality unleashed in other European conflict zones.Apes and Human Evolution
Par Russell H. Tuttle. 2014
In this masterwork, Russell H. Tuttle synthesizes a vast research literature in primate evolution and behavior to explain how apes…
and humans evolved in relation to one another, and why humans became a bipedal, tool-making, culture-inventing species distinct from other hominoids. Along the way, he refutes the influential theory that men are essentially killer apes--sophisticated but instinctively aggressive and destructive beings. Situating humans in a broad context, Tuttle musters convincing evidence from morphology and recent fossil discoveries to reveal what early primates ate, where they slept, how they learned to walk upright, how brain and hand anatomy evolved simultaneously, and what else happened evolutionarily to cause humans to diverge from their closest relatives. Despite our genomic similarities with bonobos, chimpanzees, and gorillas, humans are unique among primates in occupying a symbolic niche of values and beliefs based on symbolically mediated cognitive processes. Although apes exhibit behaviors that strongly suggest they can think, salient elements of human culture--speech, mating proscriptions, kinship structures, and moral codes--are symbolic systems that are not manifest in ape niches. This encyclopedic volume is both a milestone in primatological research and a critique of what is known and yet to be discovered about human and ape potential.