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Olympe de Gouges (Elements on Women in the History of Philosophy)
Par Sandrine Bergès. 2022
Olympe de Gouges, though a well-known historical figure, has not been investigated as a philosopher until quite recently. Yet, many…
of her writings have philosophical import, whether they are written in the genre of the philosophical treatise, drama or political pamphlets. In the three main sections, the author gives an overview of some of her arguments, showing their originality and their relevance to debates contemporary to her and to us. In the introduction, the author addresses the question of genre and argue that Gouges should be read as a philosopher, as well as a playwright and political writer. In the conclusion, the author draws out the relevance of her work for contemporary philosophers.Pythagorean Women (Elements on Women in the History of Philosophy)
Par Caterina Pellò. 2022
The Pythagorean women are a group of female philosophers who were followers of Pythagoras and are credited with authoring a…
series of letters and treatises. In both stages of the history of Pythagoreanism – namely, the fifth-century Pythagorean societies and the Hellenistic Pythagorean writings – the Pythagorean woman is viewed as an intellectual, a thinker, a teacher, and a philosopher. The purpose of this Element is to answer the question: what kind of philosopher is the Pythagorean woman? The traditional picture of the Pythagorean female sage is that of an expert of the household. The author argues that the available evidence is more complex and conveys the idea of the Pythagorean woman as both an expert on the female sphere and a well-rounded thinker philosophising about the principles of the cosmos, human society, the immortality of the soul, numbers, and harmonics.The Epistemic Consequences of Paradox (Elements in Epistemology)
Par Bryan Frances. 2022
By pooling together exhaustive analyses of certain philosophical paradoxes, we can prove a series of fascinating results regarding philosophical progress,…
agreement on substantive philosophical claims, knockdown arguments in philosophy, the wisdom of philosophical belief (quite rare, because the knockdown arguments show that we philosophers have been wildly wrong about language, logic, truth, or ordinary empirical matters), the epistemic status of metaphysics, and the power of philosophy to refute common sense. As examples, this Element examines the Sorites Paradox, the Liar Paradox, and the Problem of the Many – although many other paradoxes can do the trick too.The Poverty of Ethics
Par Anat Matar. 2022
Why the left should reclaim ethics and morality for itselfThe Poverty of Ethics stands the usual moral-political dichotomy on its…
head. It argues that moral principles do not in fact underlie or inform political decisions. It is, rather, the conceptual primacy of political discourse that rescues ethics from its poverty. Our ethical convictions receive their substance from historical narratives, political analyses, empirical facts, literary-educational models, political activity and personal experience. Yet morality, essentially, doesn&’t leave room for relativity: not every ethos deserves to be titles &‘moral&’. Hence the book argues further, it is the left ethos, as it has evolved over years, which forms the basis for ethics: morality is left-wing! Clarifying and justifying this seemingly odd statement is the main purpose of this essay. Appealing to philosophical ideas on the essence of language, on meaning, on understanding and persuasion, this book scrutinizes the system of concepts and attitudes informing our common view of the relationship between the moral and the political. It argues that the traditional conception of morality is far too narrow to form a basis for political thought and political action. Its carefully unfolded argument concludes that none of the current philosophical accounts of morality can be translated into terms of political will, much less into direct political action. Being too general and elastic, neither abstract moral principles, ethical-aesthetic sensibilities, nor the ethical demand emanating from an Other, can fulfill these tasks. Instead, the false primacy of the ethical over the political and the infinite flexibility of vacuous moral discourse are often mobilized to launder wrongs and delegitimize radical left politics. Gratification of the moral high ground becomes an implement of de-politicization, and thus a powerful political instrument in the hands of those seeking to shore up the existing order.The Life Fantastic: Myth, History, Pop and Folklore in the Making of Western Culture
Par Noa Menhaim. 2022
Explore the sprawling network of culture to discover the incredible ways in which ideas connect to shape the world we…
see today.These mind-blowing essays dig down to the roots of stories, myths and literary genres, travelling from art to politics to history to folklore, and from high to popular culture and back again. Through an intricate web of sidenotes, embark on a voyage of discovery from the unluckiest book ever made to Viking horned helmets to the sex life of vampires …. or from mermaids frolicking in the margins to the ancient Amazons to the power of Amazon and on to Utopia and Atlantis … This is western culture as you&’ve never seen it before.The Four Horsemen: The Conversation That Sparked an Atheist Revolution
Par Richard Dawkins, Sam Harris, Christopher Hitchens, Daniel Dennett. 2019
In 2007, Christopher Hitchens, Richard Dawkins, Sam Harris, and Daniel Dennett filmed a landmark discussion about modern atheism. The video…
went viral. Now in print for the first time, the transcript of their conversation is illuminated by new essays from three of the original participants and an introduction by Stephen Fry. At the dawn of the new atheist movement, the thinkers who became known as “the four horsemen,” the heralds of religion's unraveling—Christopher Hitchens, Richard Dawkins, Sam Harris, and Daniel Dennett—sat down together over cocktails. What followed was a rigorous, pathbreaking, and enthralling exchange, which has been viewed millions of times since it was first posted on YouTube. This is intellectual inquiry at its best: exhilarating, funny, and unpredictable, sincere and probing, reminding us just how varied and colorful the threads of modern atheism are. Here is the transcript of that conversation, in print for the first time, augmented by material from the living participants: Dawkins, Harris, and Dennett. These new essays, introduced by Stephen Fry, mark the evolution of their thinking and highlight particularly resonant aspects of this epic exchange. Each man contends with the most fundamental questions of human existence while challenging the others to articulate their own stance on God and religion, cultural criticism, spirituality, debate with people of faith, and the components of a truly ethical life.Advance praise for The Four Horsemen “The full, electrifying transcript of the one and only conversation between the quartet of luminaries dubbed the ‘four horsemen’ of the New Atheism, which took place in Washington, D.C., in 2007. Among the vast range of ideas and questions they discuss: Is it ever possible to win a war of ideas? Is spirituality the preserve of the religious? And, are there any truths you would rather not know?”—The Bookseller (UK) (starred review) “If thinking were a sport, these four would be national superstars—and reading The Four Horsemen feels like having a front-row seat at the all-star game. This is more than a book about atheism and religion—it’s a lesson in how to use our intellect to cut through the haze of delusion and misconception inherent in any human society.”—Tim Urban, writer of Wait But Why?What Is Life and How Might It Be Sustained?: Reflections in a Pandemic
Par Jim Lynch. 2022
How did the universe and life begin and what are the threats to people and the environment in a pandemic?…
This book is for anybody with interest in protecting life on the planet. Studies on the origin of life and scientific contributions to safeguarding the planet are examined in light of current thinking on climate change. A major focus is the spread of microbes, put in the context of environmental assessment and management, including descriptions of microbiomes and a consideration of the risks of genetic modifications. Professor Lynch shows how failure to control disease can lead to the collapse of any biotic population. To avoid this, the ethics of management of disease by biological control and by vaccination are discussed, at the practical level and in a moral theological context.What is recognition and why is it so important? This book develops a synoptic conception of the significance of recognition…
in its many forms for human persons by means of a rational reconstruction and internal critique of classical and contemporary accounts. The book begins with a clarification of several fundamental questions concerning recognition. It then reconstructs the core ideas of Fichte, Hegel, Taylor, Fraser, and Honneth and utilizes the insights and conceptual tools developed across these chapters for developing a case for the universal importance of recognition for humans. It argues in favour of a universalist anthropological position, unusual in the literature on recognition, that aims to construe a philosophically sound basis for a discourse of common humanity, or of a shared human life-form for which moral relations of recognition are essential. This synthetic conception of the importance of recognition provides tools for articulating deep intuitions shared across cultures about what makes human life and forms of human co-existence better or worse, and thus tools for mutual understanding about the deepest shared concerns of humanity, or of what makes us all human persons despite our differences. Recognition and the Human Life-Form will appeal to readers interested in philosophical anthropology, social and political philosophy, critical theory, and the history of philosophy. It also provides ideas and conceptual tools for fields such as anthropology, education, disability studies, international relations, law, politics, religious studies, sociology, and social research.Shakespeare and Interpretation, or What You Will
Par Brayton Polka. 2011
Brayton Polka takes both a textual and theoretical approach to seven plays of Shakespeare: Macbeth, Othello, Twelfth Night, All’s Well That Ends Well, Julius Caesar, Troilus…
and Cressida, and Hamlet. He calls upon the Bible and the ideas of major European thinkers, above all, Kierkegaard and Spinoza, to argue that the concept of interpretation that underlies both Shakespeare’s plays and our own lives as moderns is the golden rule of the Bible: the command to love your neighbor as yourself. What you will (the alternative title of Twelfth Night ) thus captures the idea that interpretation is the very act by which we constitute our lives. For it is only in willing what others will—in loving relationships—that we enact a concept of interpretation that is adequate to our lives. Polka argues that it is the aim of Shakespeare, when representing the ancient world in plays like Julius Caesar and Troilus and Cressida, and also in his long narrative poem “The Rape of Lucrece,” to dramatize the fundamental differences between ancient (pagan) values and modern (biblical) values or between what he articulates as contradiction and paradox. The ancients are fatally destroyed by the contradictions of their lives of which they remain ignorant. In contrast, we moderns in the biblical tradition, like those who figure in Shakespeare’s other works, are responsible for addressing and overcoming the contradictions of our lives through living the interpretive paradox of “what you will,” of treating all human beings as our neighbor. Shakespeare’s comedies and tragedies, notwithstanding their dramatically different form, share this interpretive framework of paradox. As the author shows in his book, texts without interpretation are blind and interpretation without texts is empty. Published by University of Delaware Press. Distributed worldwide by Rutgers University Press.Mental Action and the Conscious Mind (Routledge Studies in Contemporary Philosophy)
Par Michael Brent. 2023
Mental action deserves a place among foundational topics in action theory and philosophy of mind. Recent accounts of human agency…
tend to overlook the role of conscious mental action in our daily lives, while contemporary accounts of the conscious mind often ignore the role of mental action and agency in shaping consciousness. This collection aims to establish the centrality of mental action for discussions of agency and mind. The thirteen original essays provide a wide-ranging vision of the various and nuanced philosophical issues at stake. Among the questions explored by the contributors are: Which aspects of our conscious mental lives are agential? Can mental action be reduced to and explained in terms of non-agential mental states, processes, or events? Must mental action be included among the ontological categories required for understanding and explaining the conscious mind more generally? Does mental action have implications for related topics, such as attention, self-knowledge, self-control, or the mind-body problem? By investigating the nature, scope, and explanation of mental action, the essays presented here aim to demonstrate the significance of conscious mental action for discussions of agency and mind. Mental Action and the Conscious Mind will be of interest to scholars and graduate students working in philosophy of mind, philosophy of action, and philosophy of agency, as well as to philosophically inclined cognitive scientists.Architectural Technicities: A Foray Into Larval Space (Architectural Borders and Territories)
Par Stavros Kousoulas. 2022
This book poses a simple question: how is this architecture possible? To respond, it will embark on a captivating journey…
through many singular architectural concepts. The entasis of Doric columns, Ulysses and desert islands will outline an architectural act that moves beyond representation. A ferryman who stutters will present two different types of architectural minds. A stilus and a theory of signs will reconsider the ways architects can develop a particular kind of intuition, while architectural technicities will bring forth a membranic and territorial understanding of architecture. Finally, as a melody that sings itself, a larval architecture will be introduced, bringing space and time together. Assisting this endeavour, the thought of philosophers like Gilles Deleuze, Felix Guattari, Gilbert Simondon and Raymond Ruyer will meet the latest developments in fields like affect theory, cognitive sciences, environmental studies and neuroanthropology. Eventually, by the end of this book, the readers – from architecture students and researchers to academics and practitioners with an interest in theory – will have been exposed to a comprehensive and original philosophy of architecture and the built environment.Digitalisierung als Transformation?: Perspektiven aus Ethik, Philosophie und Theologie (Digitalitätsforschung / Digitality Research)
Par Klaus Viertbauer, Tobias Holischka, Christian Preidel. 2022
Digitalisierung ist zum Inbegriff geworden für den Übergang in eine neue Zeit mit neuen Möglichkeiten und Fragestellungen. Doch wofür steht…
‚Digitalisierung‘ eigentlich jenseits der Computertechnologie und den damit verbundenen technischen Verfahren? Die Digitalisierung scheint einen Prozess mit weitreichenden Folgen für unsere Lebenswelt, für unser Denken, Handeln und Interagieren in Gang zu setzen. Neben diesen transformativen Bewegungen lassen sich dabei auch reduktive Tendenzen beobachten, wenn etwa soziale Interaktion zu technischer Kommunikation wird oder wenn die Grenzen zwischen Mensch und Maschine immer mehr verschwimmen. Der Band geht diesen Fragen nach und identifiziert Digitalisierung als einen wesentlichen Grund für den strukturellen Wandel der Gesellschaft. Dabei werden die philosophischen, ethischen und theologischen Dimensionen erörtert und darauf befragt, wo sich reduktive und/oder transformative Prozesse diagnostizieren und an ausgewählten Beispielen festmachen lassen.Normative Intermittency: A Sociology of Failing Social Structuration
Par Gregor Fitzi. 2022
This book addresses the manifold crisis of current societies and understands it as a failure of normative social structuration. As…
an exemplar for this development, it analyses the decline of welfare state models and the corresponding societal compromise. Yet, it evaluates them as a symptom of a wider malaise of normative orders in complex societies. The question thus arises as to how social science can study the ongoing societal transformation. The book frames the phenomenon as ‘normative intermittency’ to capture its fluid alternation of social structuration and destructuration and develops its analysis in three steps: first, it draws a theoretically reflected symptomatic of its occurrences; it then establishes the sociological diagnosis necessary to understand its unfolding and finally evaluates its political outcomes. Methodologically, the book advocates a complete overhaul of the analytical frames of sociology to gauge the intermittent rhythm of the ongoing societal transformation. Thus, it develops an innovative reading of classical sociological theory beyond a number of unreflected axiomatic assumptions of the current sociological mainstream. Thanks to the assessment of the political outcomes of failing social structuration the book turns to a discussion of the development of possible emancipation paths in the form of ‘transformative social action’; reflexively, this accounts for the results of the sociological diagnosis of the crisis of normative social orders. The main analyses within the book scrutinise a number of empirical phenomena that establish normative intermittency in current societies and refer to the major debates that are taking place on the related topics in the state of art of sociological and political theory.Wahlrecht – auch für Kinder? (#philosophieorientiert)
Par Johannes Giesinger. 2022
Ein Mensch, eine Stimme: Das Wahlrecht ist die Grundlage der Demokratie. Jedes politische System, das nicht allen dieses Recht zugesteht,…
erscheint als undemokratisch. Folgt man dieser Auffassung, so ist es nicht hinnehmbar, eine große Bevölkerungsgruppe – Personen unter 18 Jahren – vom Wahlrecht auszuschließen. Das Bemühen um ein Wahlrecht für Kinder und Jugendliche hat in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten verstärkte Aufmerksamkeit erhalten. Johannes Giesinger argumentiert gegen ein Kinderwahlrecht, zeigt aber auf, dass die Frage des politischen Status von Kindern philosophisch neu diskutiert werden muss. Die Forderung nach einem politischen Mitbestimmungsrecht für jüngere Personen wirft ein Schlaglicht auf ungelöste Probleme heutiger Demokratien: Wie kann sichergestellt werden, dass die Interessen Heranwachsender im demokratischen Prozess angemessen repräsentiert werden? Wie ist es zu rechtfertigen, dass gewisse Personen staatlichem Zwang unterworfen sind, ohne die Möglichkeit zu haben, mit demokratischen Mitteln dagegen vorzugehen? Wie kann verhindert werden, dass Personen, die politisch nichts zu sagen haben, gesellschaftlich ausgegrenzt werden?The Psychology of Consciousness: Theory and Practice
Par Athanasios Alexiou, Hashim Talib Hashim. 2022
This book talks about the levels of consciousness and their roles in controlling our life and behaviour. The consciousness has…
a main role in learning human to behave and to live in all life’s situation and ages. This book clarifies these situations in details and the laws that make this system work properly. It provides many solutions and suggestions to control ourselves and our minds and put them in the right way. This book explains many of our behaviours depending on the psychology and the role of the consciousness in the psychiatry, how to treat diseases and mental disorders and how to improve the mental health as well. This subject is not well discussed and detailed in literature so there is a need to give this topic its role in the psychology and in scientific literature too. This book is targeting the consciousness’ levels and the role of these levels in our life and behaviours, so it divides the roles among them as appropriate and in the right way and then the humans can recognize which part is more important than the other and on what they should focus.Listening to Iris Murdoch: Music, Sounds, and Silences (Iris Murdoch Today Ser.)
Par Gillian Dooley. 2022
When we think of Iris Murdoch’s relationship with art forms, the visual arts come most readily to mind. However, music…
and other sounds are equally important. Soundscapes – music and other types of sound – contribute to the richly textured atmosphere and moral tenor of Murdoch’s novels. This book will help readers to appreciate anew the sensuous nature of Iris Murdoch’s prose, and to listen for all kinds of music, sounds and silences in her novels, opening up a new sub-field in Murdoch studies in line with the emerging field of Word and Music Studies. This study is supported by close readings of selected novels exemplifying the subtle variety of ways she deploys music, sounds and silence in her fiction. It also covers Murdoch’s knowledge of music and her allusions to music throughout her work, and includes a survey of musical settings of her words by various composers.Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Representational Pluralism in Human Cognition: Tracing Points of Convergence in Psychology, Science Education, and Philosophy of Science (Routledge Research in Psychology)
Par Steven Horst, Eduardo F. Mortimer, Andrew Shtulman, Michel Bélanger, Patrice Potvin. 2022
Bringing together diverse theoretical and empirical contributions from the fields of social and cognitive psychology, philosophy and science education, this…
volume explores representational pluralism as a phenomenon characteristic of human cognition. Building on these disciplines’ shared interest in understanding human thought, perception and conceptual change, the volume illustrates how representational plurality can be conducive to research and practice in varied fields. Particular care is taken to emphasize points of convergence and the value of sharing discourses, models, justifications and theories of pluralism across disciplines. The editors give ample space for philosophers, cognitive scientists and educators to explicate the history and current status of representational pluralism in their own disciplines. Using multiple forms of research from the relational perspective, this volume will be of interest to students, scholars and researchers with an interest in cognitive psychology, as well as educational psychology and philosophy of science.This book provides an epistemological study of the great Islamic scholar of Banjarese origin, Syeikh Muhammad Arsyad al-Banjari (1710-1812) who…
contributed to the development of Islam in Indonesia and, in general, Southeast Asia. The work focuses on Arsyad al-Banjari’s dialectical use and understanding of qiyās or correlational inference as a model of parallel reasoning or analogy in Islamic jurisprudence. This constituted the most prominent instrument he applied in his effort of integrating Islamic law into the Banjarese society.This work studies how Arsyad al-Banjari integrates jadal theory or dialectic in Islamic jurisprudence, within his application of qiyās. The author develops a framework for qiyās which acts as the interface between jadal, dialogical logic, and Per Martin-Löf’s Constructive Type Theory (CTT). One of the epistemological results emerging from the present study is that the different forms of qiyās applied by Arsyad al-Banjari represent an innovative and sophisticated form of reasoning. The volume is divided into three parts that discuss the types of qiyās as well their dialectical and argumentative aspects, historical background and context of Banjar, and demonstrates how the theory of qiyās comes quite close to the contemporary model of parallel reasoning for sciences and mathematics developed by Paul Bartha (2010). This volume will be of interest to historians and philosophers in general, and logicians and historians of philosophy in particular.Kant and the Problem of Politics: Rethinking the Contemporary World
Par Alessandro Pinzani, Luigi Caranti. 2022
This book examines the significance of Kant’s political philosophy in the context of contemporary philosophical and political debates. In the…
last few decades, Kantian specialists have increasingly manifested a purely exegetic and philological interest in Kant’s oeuvre, while contemporary philosophers and scientists tend to use Kant with scant hermeneutical care, thus misrepresenting or misunderstanding his positions. This volume countervails these tendencies by focusing more on specific themes of contemporary relevance in Kant’s writings. It looks to Kant’s political thought for insight on tackling issues such as freedom of speech, democracy and populism, intergenerational justice, economic inequality, money, poverty, international justice, and gender/feminism. Featuring readings by well-known Kant specialists and emerging scholars with unorthodox approaches to Kant’s philosophy, the volume fills a significant gap in the existing scholarship on the philosopher and his works. It will be of great interest to scholars and researchers of philosophy, politics, and ethics.Kant and the Problem of Morality: Rethinking the Contemporary World
Par Alessandro Pinzani, Luigi Caranti. 2022
This book examines the significance of Kant’s moral philosophy in contemporary philosophical debates. It argues that Kant’s philosophy can still…
serve as a guide to navigate the turbulence of a globalized world in which we are faced by an imprescriptible social reality wherein moral values and ethical life models are becoming increasingly unstable. The volume draws on Kantian ethics to discuss various contemporary issues including sustainable development, moral enhancement, sexism, and racism. It also tackles general concepts of practical philosophy such as lying, the different kinds of moral duties, and the kind of motivation one needs for doing what we consider to be the right thing. Featuring readings by well-known Kant specialists and emerging scholars with unorthodox approaches to Kant’s philosophy, the volume will be of great interest to scholars and researchers of philosophy, politics and ethics. It will also appeal to moral theorists, applied ethicists and environmental theorists.