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The Nature of Prejudice
Par Alexander O’Connor. 2017
With his 1954 book The Nature of Prejudice, American psychologist Gordon Allport displays the crucial skill of reasoning, producing and…
organizing an argument that was persuasive enough to have a major impact not only in universities, but also on government policy. The question that Allport tackled was an old one: why are people so disposed to prejudice against those from other groups? Earlier psychologists had suggested a number of reasons, especially in the case of racial prejudice. Some had suggested that racism was a learned behaviour, conditioned by negative experiences of other races; others that there was an objective rationale to negative racial stereotypes. Allport, however, reasoned that prejudice is essentially a by-product of the necessary mental shortcuts the human brain uses to process the vast amount of information it takes in. Because our brains want to use as little effort as possible, they regularly fall back on simple stereotypes – which easily generate prejudice. Gathering strong evidence for this hypothesis, he reasoned, clearly and persuasively, that our natural cognitive approach is the most significant factor in accounting for prejudice. Going further still, Allport also reasoned that, once this was better understood, social scientists would be able to influence policy-makers to curb discrimination by law.The Federalist Papers
Par Jason Xidias, Jeremy Kleidosty. 2017
The 85 essays that maker up The Federalist Papers’ clearly demonstrate the vital importance of the art of persuasion. Written…
between 1787 and 1788 by three of the “Founding Fathers” of the United States, the Papers were written with the specific intention of convincing Americans that it was in their interest to back the creation of a strong national government, enshrined in a constitution – and they played a major role in deciding the debate between proponents of a federal state, with its government based on central institutions housed in a single capital, and the supporters of states’ rights. The papers’ authors – Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay – believed that centralised government was the only way to knit their newborn country together, while still preserving individual liberties. Closely involved with the politics of the time, they saw a real danger of America splintering, to the detriment of all its citizens. Given the fierce debates of the time, however, Hamilton, Jay and Madison knew they had to persuade the general public by advancing clear, well-structured arguments – and by systematically engaging with opposing points of view. By enshrining checks and balances in a constitution designed to protect individual liberties, they argued, fears that central government would oppress the newly free people of America would be allayed. The constitution that the three men helped forge governs the US to this day, and it remains the oldest written constitution, still in force, anywhere in the world.Rights of Man
Par Jason Xidias, Mariana Assis. 2017
Thomas Paine’s 1791 Rights of Man is an impassioned political tract showing how the critical thinking skills of evaluation and…
reasoning can, and must, be applied to contentious issues. Divided into two parts, Rights of Man is, first, a response to Edmund Burke’s arguments against the French Revolution, put forward in his Reflections on the Revolution in France – also available in the Macat Library – and, second, an argument for how to run a fair and just society. The first part is a sustained performance in evaluation: Paine takes Burke’s arguments, and systematically exposes the ways in which Burke’s reasons against revolution are inadequate compared to the necessity of having a just society run according to a universal notion of people’s rights as individuals. The second part turns to an examination of different political systems, setting out a powerfully-structured argument for universal rights, a clear constitution enshrined in law, and a universal right to vote. Though Paine is in many ways a stronger rhetorician than he is a clear thinker, his reasons for preferring democracy to hereditary forms of government are compelling, coherent and clear. Rights of Man is a masterclass in how to use good reasoning to present a persuasive argument.The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order
Par Riley Quinn. 2017
The end of the Cold War, which occurred early in the 1990s, brought joy and freedom to millions. But it…
posed a difficult question to the world's governments and to the academics who studied them: how would world order be remade in an age no longer dominated by the competing ideologies of capitalism and communism? Samuel P. Huntington was one of the many political scientists who responded to this challenge by conceiving works that attempted to predict the ways in which conflict might play out in the 21st century, and in The Clash of Civilizations he suggested that a new kind of conflict, one centred on cultural identity, would become the new focus of international relations. Huntington's theories, greeted with scepticism when his book first appeared in the 1990s, acquired new resonance after 9/11. The Clash of Civilizations is now one of the most widely-set and read works of political theory in US universities; Huntington's theories have also had a measurable impact on American policy. In large part, this is a product of his problem-solving skills. Clash is a monument to its author's ability to generate and evaluate alternative possibilities and to make sound decisions between them. Huntington's view, that international politics after the Cold War would be neither peaceful, nor liberal, nor cooperative, ran counter to the predictions of almost all of his peers, yet his position – the product of an unusual ability to redefine an issue so as to see it in new ways – has been largely vindicated by events ever since.Reflections on the Revolution in France
Par Riley Quinn. 2017
Edmund Burke’s 1791 Reflections on the Revolution in France is a strong example of how the thinking skills of analysis…
and reasoning can support even the most rhetorical of arguments. Often cited as the foundational work of modern conservative political thought, Burke’s Reflections is a sustained argument against the French Revolution. Though Burke is in many ways not interested in rational close analysis of the arguments in favour of the revolution, he points out a crucial flaw in revolutionary thought, upon which he builds his argument. For Burke, that flaw was the sheer threat that revolution poses to life, property and society. Sceptical about the utopian urge to utterly reconstruct society in line with rational principles, Burke argued strongly for conservative progress: a continual slow refinement of government and political theory, which could move forward without completely overturning the old structures of state and society. Old state institutions, he reasoned, might not be perfect, but they work well enough to keep things ticking along. Any change made to improve them, therefore, should be slow, not revolutionary. While `Burke’s arguments are deliberately not reasoned in the ‘rational’ style of those who supported the revolution, they show persuasive reasoning at its very best.What Would Freud Do?: How The Greatest Psychotherapists Would Solve Your Everyday Problems
Par Sarah Tomley. 2017
Ever wondered what Wilfred Bion would have to say about your horrible boss's behaviour? Or how Carl Jung would feel…
about your mid-life crisis red Ferrari? Ever wondered if Eric Berne might have the perfect answer to the question, 'Does my bum look big in this?'?Find answers to all of life's important questions with What Would Freud Do?. The book is split into sections such as 'What am I like?', and 'Why am I acting like this?', leaving no stone of the human psyche unturned. Questions include:-'Why can't I find Mr/Ms Right?'-'Why do I keep buying the same chocolate brand?'-'Is my partner lying to me?'-'Why do I always buy the more expensive option?'With Sarah Tomley's enlightening commentary throughout, this book provides the answers to the most deep and meaningful (or, indeed, shallow and meaningless) questions that you have ever pondered. A pocket guide to facing the hurdles and obstacles of life, with the advice of all the greatest psychologists at your fingertips.Observing Children with Attachment Difficulties in School: A Tool for Identifying and Supporting Emotional and Social Difficulties in Children Aged 5-11
Par Ann Frost, Sian Templeton, Netty Roberts, Helen Worrall, Jane Fain, Cathy Mills, Eleanor Durrant, Kim Golding. 2013
Emotional difficulties in children aged 5-11 can display themselves in a range of different behaviours, and it is important for…
staff in schools to be able to identify and address these problems, and to provide appropriate help. This easy-to-use tool provides an observation checklist which enables staff to identify behavioural patterns in children with social and emotional difficulties, analyse the emotional difficulties underlying these behaviours and establish what kind of help and support the children need. Behavioural responses are categorised within clearly outlined topics, including behaviour, play and relationship with peers, attachment behaviours, emotional state in the classroom and attitude to attendance. Checklists and diagrams identify different 'styles' of relating (secure, avoidant, ambivalent), to help school staff who work with children and their families to respond appropriately to the individual needs of each child. A range of handouts include activities designed to provide emotional support, to focus and regulate behaviour and enable the child to develop important social and emotional skills. Suitable for use with children aged 5-11, this tool will be an invaluable resource for teachers, teaching assistants, learning support staff, school counsellors and educational psychologists.RX
Par Rachel Lindsay. 2018
A graphic memoir about the treatment of mental illness, treating mental illness as a commodity, and the often unavoidable choice…
between sanity and happiness.In her early twenties in New York City, diagnosed with bipolar disorder, Rachel Lindsay takes a job in advertising in order to secure healthcare coverage for her treatment. But work takes a strange turn when she is promoted onto the Pfizer account and suddenly finds herself on the other side of the curtain, developing ads for an antidepressant drug. She is the audience of the work she's been pouring over and it highlights just how unhappy and trapped she feels, stuck in an endless cycle of treatment, insurance and medication. Overwhelmed by the stress of her professional life and the self-scrutiny it inspires, she begins to destabilize and while in the midst of a crushing job search, her mania takes hold. Her altered mindset yields a simple solution: to quit her job and pursue life as an artist, an identity she had abandoned in exchange for medical treatment. When her parents intervene, she finds herself hospitalized against her will, and stripped of the control she felt she had finally reclaimed. Over the course of her two weeks in the ward, she struggles in the midst of doctors, nurses, patients and endless rules to find a path out of the hospital and this cycle of treatment. One where she can live the life she wants, finding freedom and autonomy, without sacrificing her dreams in order to stay well.Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth and Happiness
Par Mark Egan. 2017
When it was published in 2008, Richard Thaler and Cass Sunstein’s Nudge: Improving Decisions about Health, Wealth, and Happiness quickly…
became one of the most influential books in modern economics and politics. Within a short time, it had inspired whole government departments in the US and UK, and others as far afield as Singapore. One of the keys to Nudge’s success is Thaler and Sunstein’s ability to create a detailed and persuasive case for their take on economic decision-making. Nudge is not a book packed with original findings or data; instead it is a careful and systematic synthesis of decades of research into behavioral economics. The discipline challenges much conventional economic thought – which works on the basis that, overall, humans make rational decisions – by focusing instead on the ‘irrational’ cognitive biases that affect our decision making. These seemingly in-built biases mean that certain kinds of economic decision-making are predictably irrational. Thaler and Sunstein prove themselves experts at creating persuasive arguments and dealing effectively with counter-arguments. They conclude that if governments understand these cognitive biases, they can ‘nudge’ us into making better decisions for ourselves. Entertaining as well as smart, Nudge shows the full range of reasoning skills that go into making a persuasive argument.Why Not? How to Use Everyday Ingenuity to Solve Problems Big and Small
Par Barry J. Nalebuff, Ian Ayres. 2007
Why Not? is a primer for fresh thinking, problem-solving with a purpose and for bringing the world a few steps…
closer to the way it should be. Great ideas are waiting. Why not be the first to discover them?The Mad Poet's Tea Party
Par Sandy Jeffs. 2015
but I am madnessand madness is meit holds you captivelike a hapless bunnycaught in the headlights.In this moving collection of…
poems, award-winning writer Sandy Jeffs shares her journey through madness over four decades, drawing inspiration from Lewis Carroll's Alice in Wonderland and the motley gathering of characters at the Mad Hatter's tea party. Both delightful and insightful, playful and serious, witty and whimsical, The Mad Poet's Tea Party provides a devastating commentary on how our society treats those with mental illness from the perspective of someone who has experienced all its interventions. It captures in poetic form the enigmas and contradiction in madness.Observing Children with Attachment Difficulties in Preschool Settings: A Tool for Identifying and Supporting Emotional and Social Difficulties
Par Ann Frost, Sian Templeton, Jane Fain, Eleanor Durrant, Kim Golding. 2013
For preschool children with emotional difficulties arising from difficulties in attachment, standard observations used in early years settings are not…
always helpful in identifying their problems and providing guidance on how they can be helped. Combining an accessible introduction to attachment and child development with a child observation tool for identifying behaviour, and the emotional needs underlying this behaviour, this book enables early years professionals to identify problems and provide appropriate support. 'Case study' boxes help to illustrate typical patterns of attachment, and all aspects of behaviour are covered including play, interaction with peers, neediness, and aggression. A range of handouts and activities is included, and guidance provided on how to work within professional boundaries. Written in clear, concise language, Observing Children with Attachment Difficulties in Preschool aims to equip the reader with the knowledge and skills needed to identify and support children's emotional and social difficulties. Suitable for use with children aged 2 – 5, this guide will be an invaluable resource for early years professionals, as well as for use by clinicians, teachers and learning support staff.Person-Centered Diagnosis and Treatment in Mental Health: A Model for Empowering Clients
Par Peter Ladd, AnnMarie Churchill. 2012
Clients with mental health conditions are often diagnosed and treated using a strictly medical model of diagnosis, with little input…
from the client themselves. This reference manual takes a person-centered, holistic approach to diagnosis and treatment, seeing the client as the unrecognized expert on their condition and encouraging their collaboration. This qualitative approach aims to find meaning in the experiences of the client, exploring the reasons behind their feelings and behaviour and taking the whole person into account. Designed to complement DSM assessments, the manual covers several different conditions including ADHD, depression, bulimia, and OCD, as well as mental health 'patterns' such as abuse, bullying, violence and loss. In each case, the client is involved in the diagnosis and treatment plan. The book features extended case studies, sample questions and treatment plans throughout. This will be an essential reference book for all those involved in mental health diagnosis and treatment, including psychologists, psychiatrists, mental health counselors, clinical social workers, school counselors and therapists.The Everything Parent's Guide to Children with Anxiety: Professional Advice to Help Your Child Feel Confident, Happy, and Secure
Par Ilyne Sandas, Christine Siegel, Deborah D. White. 2008
All kids worry. But chronic worry turns into trouble when it becomes the focus of your child's life. For some…
children, anxiety is so overwhelming that it becomes paralyzing and prevents any forward movement. But, with the proper care and treatment, a child with an anxiety disorder can thrive. The Everything Parent's Guide to Children with Anxiety presents a balanced approach to treatment and helps you: Determine the causes of your child's anxiety, Decide on the right treatment and medication, Talk with your child about anxiety, Cope with symptoms, Find the right counselor, Educate and work with teachers and school officials. This handy guide gives you all the resources, tools, and information you need to help your child enjoy a happy, healthy, and well-adjusted childhood!Beyond Psychoppression: A Feminist Alternative Therapy
Par Betty Mclellan. 1995
Learning From Data: An Introduction To Statistical Reasoning
Par Arthur Glenberg, Matthew Andrzejewski. 2008
Learning from Data focuses on how to interpret psychological data and statistical results. The authors review the basics of statistical…
reasoning to helpstudents better understand relevant data that affecttheir everyday lives. Numerous examples based on current research and events are featured throughout.To facilitate learning, authors Glenberg and Andrzejewski: Devote extra attention to explaining the more difficult concepts and the logic behind them Use repetition to enhance students’ memories with multiple examples, reintroductions of the major concepts, and a focus on these concepts in the problems Employ a six-step procedure for describing all statistical tests from the simplest to the most complex Provide end-of-chapter tables to summarize the hypothesis testing procedures introduced Emphasizes how to choose the best procedure in the examples, problems and endpapers Focus on power with a separate chapter and power analyses procedures in each chapter Provide detailed explanations of factorial designs, interactions, and ANOVA to help students understand the statistics used in professional journal articles. The third edition has a user-friendly approach: Designed to be used seamlessly with Excel, all of the in-text analyses are conducted in Excel, while the book’s CD contains files for conducting analyses in Excel, as well as text files that can be analyzed in SPSS, SAS, and Systat Two large, real data sets integrated throughout illustrate important concepts Many new end-of-chapter problems (definitions, computational, and reasoning) and many more on the companion CD Online Instructor’s Resources includes answers to all the exercises in the book and multiple-choice test questions with answers Boxed media reports illustrate key concepts and their relevance to realworld issues The inclusion of effect size in all discussions of power accurately reflects the contemporary issues of power, effect size, and significance. Learning From Data, Third Edition is intended as a text for undergraduate or beginning graduate statistics courses in psychology, education, and other applied social and health sciences.A groundbreaking exploration of how cyberspace is changing the way we think, feel, and behave Mary Aiken is the world's…
leading expert in forensic cyberpsychology--a discipline that combines psychology, criminology, and technology to investigate the intersection where technology and human behavior meet. In this, her first book, Aiken has created a starting point for all future conversations about how the Internet is shaping development and behavior, societal norms and values, children, safety, security, and our perception of the world. Cyberspace is an environment full of surveillance, but who is looking out for us? The Cyber Effect offers a fascinating and chilling look at a future we can still do something about. Drawing on her own research and extensive experience with law enforcement, Mary Aiken covers a wide range of subjects from the impact of screens on the developing child to the explosion of teen sexting, and the acceleration of compulsive and addictive behaviors online (gaming, shopping, pornography). She examines the escalation of cyberchondria (anxiety produced by self-diagnosing online), cyberstalking, and organized cybercrime in the Deep Web. Aiken provides surprising statistics and incredible-but-true case studies of hidden trends that are shaping our culture and raising troubling questions about where the digital revolution is taking us. The Cyber Effect will upend your assumptions about your online life and forever change the way you think about the technology you, your friends, and family use. Readers will gain a new understanding of the rapid change taking shape around us and come away with critical tools to become part of this very necessary conversation.Advance praise for The Cyber Effect"Just as Rachel Carson launched the modern environmental movement with her Silent Spring, Mary Aiken delivers a deeply disturbing, utterly penetrating, and urgently timed investigation into the perils of the largest unregulated social experiment of our time."--Bob Woodward "Mary Aiken takes us on a fascinating, thought-provoking, and at times scary journey down the rabbit hole to witness how the Internet is changing the human psyche. A must-read for anyone who wants to understand the temptations and tragedies of cyberspace."--John R. Suler, PhD, author of The Psychology of Cyberspace"Drawing on a fascinating and mind-boggling range of research and knowledge, Mary Aiken has written a great, important book that terrifies then consoles by pointing a way forward so that our experience online might not outstrip our common sense. A must-read for this moment in time."--Steven D. Levitt, co-author of the New York Times bestseller Freakonomics"Figuring out how to guide kids in a hyperconnected world is one of the biggest challenges for today's parents. Mary Aiken clearly and calmly separates reality from myth. She clearly lays out the issues we really need to be concerned about and calmly instructs us on how to keep our kids safe and healthy in their digital lives."--Peggy Orenstein, author of the New York Times bestseller Girls & Sex "Having worked with law enforcement groups from INTERPOL and Europol as well as the U.S. government, Aiken knows firsthand how today's digital tools can be exploited by criminals lurking in the Internet's Dark Net."--NewsweekFrom the Hardcover edition.Health Psychology: Well-Being in a Diverse World
Par Regan A. Gurung. 2019
Health Psychology: Well-Being in a Diverse World introduces students to the main topics and issues in health psychology through a…
unique perspective focused on diversity. Using a conversational tone, author A. R. Gurung explores the key determinants of behavior—such as family, environment, ethnicity, and religion—and connects concepts to personal experiences for students to gain a deeper understanding and appreciation of the material. Extensively updated based on over 1,000 new articles cited, and with a new chapter on research methods, the Fourth Edition reflects the latest cutting-edge research in the field to explain more thoroughly how context and culture are important predictors of healthy behavior.Civilizations of the Holy Land
Par Paul Johnson. 1979
From the book s introduction civilizations of the holy land is an expression not easily…
defined in either space or time By the Holy Land most of us mean the stretch of Near-Eastern territory the nucleus of which is modern Palestine or Israel intimately associated with the great Religions of the Book Judaism Christianity and Islam Many of the events crucial to the origin and early development of these three faiths took place outside this geographical nucleus but cannot for that reason be ignored in this account Equally not all the cultures which have flourished in this region have been directly linked to the beliefs which to us make it holy but they are part of its history nonetheless and must be brought into the story The truth is that the history of this corner of the world is extremely complicated and does not easily accommodate itself to the straitjacket of a strictly systematic treatment In telling it we shall sometimes find ourselves digressing both in chronology and geography before resuming the main thread of our narrative In short we shall be closer to the methods of Herodotus than those of Thucydides - with a dash of Pausanias and Strabo thrown in No matter what the tale loses in clarity it may gain in colour History buffs and students of the Bible and Koran would find this book fascinating The understanding of either book will be enhanced by knowing the history and culture behind those books and the places of worship which they inspire From Canaaites to Crusaders Very readablePersonality Assessment
Par Robert P. Archer, Steven R. Smith. 2008
Personality Assessment provides an overview of the most popular self-report and performance-based personality assessment instruments. Designed with graduate-level clinical and…
counseling psychology programs in mind, the book serves as an instructional text for courses in objective or projective personality assessment. It provides coverage of eight of the most popular assessment instruments used in the United States—from authors key in creating, or developing the research base for these test instruments. The uniquely informed perspective of these leading researchers, as well as chapters on clinical interviewing, test feedback, and integrating test results into a comprehensive report, will offer students and clinicians a level of depth and complexity not available in other texts.