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Entrepreneurship, Human Capital, and Regional Development
Par Rui Baptista, João Leitão. 2015
This book makes original contributions to the literature on clusters, human capital, and regional development by focusing on the link…
between entrepreneurship and economic growth, aiming for a better understanding of the dynamics of growth determined by the entrepreneur's action in the regional space. The focus is therefore on critical reflection and rethinking the articulation between three levels of analysis of economic systems, namely entrepreneurship, human capital and regional development, which have not so far been perfectly articulated in the literature of reference on endogenous growth. Although there has been significant research so far into the success and failure of clusters, the implications of these multiple research efforts fail to provide political decision-makers and company managers with critical information about which mechanisms lie behind cluster success and also about how clusters survive and prosper. The innovative approaches presented in this book on entrepreneurship, human capital mobility and regional development have considerable potential to create new and original implications for decision-makers and managers. In terms of value added, this book contributes to the literature by seeking answers to the following questions: (i) Is the growth and success of clusters over time due to concentration and transmission of business competences through spin-offs located in a given regional space? (ii) Does increased density of job options outside the workplace contribute to increased mobility of human capital between firms located within clusters, and so improve coordination in the local labor market? (iii) Do spin-offs benefit from hiring workers from successful incumbents, inasmuch as those workers are expected to perform better than other workers from different origins? Integrating theoretical frameworks, empirical research, and regional case studies (from Portugal, Spain, Norway and Turkey), the editors and contributors demonstrate that the regional dynamics of industry growth are strongly influenced by the mobility of employees towards new firms.Stagnation Versus Growth in Europe
Par Luigi Paganetto. 2016
This book explores the debate on the policies required to overcome the crises of 2008 and 2011, in which the…
focus on short-term measures has overshadowed the need to analyze the low growth rate in the European Union, and especially the Eurozone, as the basis for interventions that will counteract the tendency toward stagnation. Factors that lie at the root of the low growth are examined in depth, covering, for example, the impact of the demographic trend toward an aging population in Europe, consequences of inequality for growth, challenges posed by technological change, competition from emerging countries, and difficulties in improving European governance. In addition, potential actions to foster innovation and avoid long-term stagnation, such as new measures to open up markets, stimulate competition in services, and promote green growth, are discussed. The book comprises a selection of contributions presented at the XXVII Villa Mondragone International Economic Seminar, which brought together renowned economists and representatives of a broad range of countries and leading international institutions. It will appeal to all who are interested in the latest thinking on stagnation/growth, inequality, governance, competitiveness, and innovation in Europe.Public Sector Economics and the Need for Reforms
Par Apostolis Philippopoulos. 1996
The public sector has grown substantially in the last fifty years. In the euro area, for example, total government expenditures…
have been around fifty percent of GDP since the early 2000s, resulting in a growing tax burden or high public debt or both. At the same time, government had intervened in all aspects of economic life, from the provision of public goods and services to product and labor market regulation. Research shows that the effect of government size on economic performance is positive in countries where the public sector is efficient but negative in countries where it is inefficient. In this book, experts from academe and central banking discuss reforms that would make the public sector more efficient and/or more equitable. After a rich review of the public sector reform policy agenda, with particular attention to the role of the public sector and how to improve the provision of public goods and services, the contributors offer theoretically and empirically informed perspectives on some specific policy topics. These include public wage and employment policy, the role of international institutions such as the World Bank in promoting public sector reforms, the optimal mix of tax policy, the measurement of public sector efficiency, and the study of fiscal sustainability. The contributors relate these topics to such deeper issues as individual incentives as well as to policy debates over privatization, and austerity. ContributorsKonstantinos Angelopoulos, Stylianos Asimakopoulos, Danilo Ballanti, Roberto A. De Santis, Roberto Dispotico, George Economides, Pedro Gomes, Gabriella Legrenzi, James Malley, Costas Milas, Ilaria Petrarca, Apostolis Philippopoulos, Francesco Porcelli, Roberto Ricciuti, Lodewijk Smets, Peter Birch Sørensen, Petros Varthalitis, Francesco VidoliRegional Cohesion
Par Piotr Pachura. 2009
This book presents an interdisciplinary analysis of EU regional cohesion based on a network and clusters approach. The author explores…
the question if and how the presence of network structures supports the effectiveness of transformation in EU regions, in particular with a focus on non-pecuniary factors of regional growth. For a theoretical foundation of the topic, characteristics of a networking economy as well as the determinants of EU policies on regional development and innovation are examined and discussed. The empirical analysis at the core of this work presents and makes use of interdisciplinary methodological tools such as Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), K-means models and self-organizing maps.Econodynamics: The Theory of Social Production
Par Vladimir N Pokrovskii. 2012
In this book the theory of social production is systematically formulated in terms and concepts of classical political economy and…
neo-classical economics. In this way the subject becomes accessible not only to professional researchers in areas of the theory of production and economic growth, but also to the educated reader who is curious about the principles behind the functioning of a national economy. The book can be considered as an introduction for students with a background in physics, chemistry and engineering, who wish to specialize in economics. It is explained how the growth of production is connected with achievements in technological consumption of labour and energy. The theory allows one to analyse the past and the present of the social production system and to build scripts of the future progress. The book could be interesting for energy specialists who are engaged in planning and analysing production and consumption of energy carriers and determining energy policy, and for economists who want to know how energy and technology are affecting economic growth.Einführung in die Medienwirtschaftslehre
Par Christoph Zydorek. 2012
Welche medienökonomischen Anknüpfungspunkte haben speziell Studierende als Abnehmer und künftige Produzenten von Medien? Diese Einstiegsfrage verdeutlicht auf einfache Weise die…
Sinnhaftigkeit einer systematischen Durchdringung des Themas Medienökonomie und führt die wichtigsten Begriffe ein: Medien, Inhalt, Wertschöpfung, Güter, Bedürfnisbefriedigung mit Medien, Medien als Wirtschafts- und Kulturgüter. Christoph Zydorek stellt die drei Haupt-Akteurstypen (Rezipient, Medienunternehmen, werbetreibende Wirtschaft) auf Medienmärkten mit ihren jeweiligen Handlungsmotivationen sowie danach die zentralen Eigenschaften von Mediengütern vor. Darauf aufbauend können einige Mainstream-Handlungskonzepte aus der Sicht der Hersteller von Mediendienstleistungen diskutiert werden: Preis- und Erlöspolitik, Bündelung, Versionierung, Windowing. Das Lehrbuch dient als Einführung in die Grundfragen und als Vorbereitung auf eine tiefergehende Durchdringung des medienwirtschaftlichen Handlungsbereichs.Macroeconomics, Trade, and Social Welfare
Par Michihiro Ohyama. 2016
This book develops new, original methods of welfare comparison and comparative dynamics between distinct and discretely positioned (rather than continuously…
related) socioeconomic situations. These methods are not only realistic but also extremely relevant to serious economic problems. Using them, the book sheds illuminating new light on the theoretical analysis of Keynesian economics and other important issues of political economy. For instance, it shows that the principle of effective demand applies exactly as Keynes put it to the unemployment equilibrium in the short run. It also shows that the equilibrium may change along the expansion path as the government chooses to vary its expenditure to maximize national welfare. The same methods are effectively employed theoretically to investigate modern trade policy issues such as gains from trade, the theory of tariffs, free trade agreements, and the role of the WTO. Those methods are also used to study the welfare and efficiency of various socioeconomic situations.Water Footprint and Virtual Water Trade in Spain
Par Maite M. Aldaya, Paula Novo, Alberto Garrido, M. Ramón Llamas, Roberto Rodríguez-Casado, Consuelo Varela-Ortega. 2010
The evaluation of the water footprint and virtual water trade has become a promising means to evaluate the sustainability of…
a country's water resources. This book is based on the research and results of a thorough study carried out for Spain, which serves as a leading case for a semi-arid country. The objective of this study was to assess and analyze Spain's virtual water use and water footprint, differentiating the green and blue (surface and groundwater) components, both from a hydrological and economic perspective. This contributes to the water footprint and virtual water literature in several ways. By evaluating both water footprint and virtual water over time and at the provincial scale, the analysis allows for policy-relevant conclusions at the river basin level. By separating green and blue water components, and evaluating all crops at the provincial level, the study enables a finer analysis of how water footprint and virtual water vary during droughts and water shortages. The linkage between commodities trade and water scarcity was explored to determine the extent to which virtual water trade has the potential to deal with water-stressed periods. The analysis contained in this study includes both market and non-market dimensions and will appeal to researchers in both resource economics and hydrology as well as policy-makers concerned with water-related issues.Hybrid Hydrogen Systems
Par Said Al-Hallaj, Kristofer Kiszynski. 2011
Hybrid Hydrogen Systems for Stationary and Transportation Applications presents an original, comprehensive approach to hybrid energy system optimization and provides…
a much-needed systems approach to hydrogen energy applications. This textbook will be bought by graduate and senior undergraduate students studying renewable energy and the design and optimisation of hydrogen energy systems as well as the lecturers who teach these subjects. Hybrid Hydrogen Systems for Stationary and Transportation Applications will also be bought by researchers and practitioners working with hydrogen and fuel cells as well as policy makers and advocates of renewable energy.Optimization of Temporal Networks under Uncertainty
Par Wolfram Wiesemann. 2011
Many decision problems in Operations Research are defined on temporal networks, that is, workflows of time-consuming tasks whose processing order…
is constrained by precedence relations. For example, temporal networks are used to model projects, computer applications, digital circuits and production processes. Optimization problems arise in temporal networks when a decision maker wishes to determine a temporal arrangement of the tasks and/or a resource assignment that optimizes some network characteristic (e.g. the time required to complete all tasks). The parameters of these optimization problems (e.g. the task durations) are typically unknown at the time the decision problem arises. This monograph investigates solution techniques for optimization problems in temporal networks that explicitly account for this parameter uncertainty. We study several formulations, each of which requires different information about the uncertain problem parameters.The Economics of Tourism Destinations
Par Guido Candela, Paolo Figini. 2012
The book aims at providing an overview of the main economic issues related to tourism activities. While tourism is an…
important sector, contributing to more than 10% of the European Union's GDP, research and teaching at the university level has only recently grown to a considerable level, and the field still lacks a firm research methodology. This book approaches tourism economics as an applied field of study in which tourism markets are represented as imperfect markets, with asymmetric and incomplete information among agents, bounded rationality, and with a strong presence of externalities and public goods. The economic issues studied in the book are approached both intuitively, largely using examples and case studies, and formally, with mathematical formalizations in text boxes.Quantum Variational Calculus
Par Agnieszka B. Malinowska, Delfim F. M. Torres. 2014
This Brief puts together two subjects, quantum and variational calculi by considering variational problems involving Hahn quantum operators. The main advantage…
of its results is that they are able to deal with nondifferentiable (even discontinuous) functions, which are important in applications. Possible applications in economics are discussed. Economists model time as continuous or discrete. Although individual economic decisions are generally made at discrete time intervals, they may well be less than perfectly synchronized in ways discrete models postulate. On the other hand, the usual assumption that economic activity takes place continuously, is nothing else than a convenient abstraction that in many applications is far from reality. The Hahn quantum calculus helps to bridge the gap between the two families of models: continuous and discrete. Quantum Variational Calculus is self-contained and unified in presentation. It provides an opportunity for an introduction to the quantum calculus of variations for experienced researchers but may be used as an advanced textbook by graduate students and even ambitious undergraduates as well. The explanations in the book are detailed to capture the interest of the curious reader, and complete to provide the necessary background material needed to go further into the subject and explore the rich research literature, motivating further research activity in the area.Poverty and Exclusion in the Western Balkans
Par Caterina Ruggeri Laderchi, Sara Savastano. 2013
This book maps the latest developments in the policy relevant analysis on poverty, inclusion and the social agenda in the…
Western Balkans. It does so by presenting a selection of recent papers which explore from a methodological and analytical point of view how the inclusion agenda can be monitored and adapted to understand the challenges in the region. The volume includes an overview and four sections, covering respectively: (1) innovations in terms of measurement of poverty and inclusion in the region (the concept of inclusion as elaborated at the EU level, innovations in survey design to suit the measurement of inclusion, methodological insights from qualitative work); (2) innovative country level analysis (updating poverty mapping in inter-censual years, the analysis of material deprivation, the analysis of determinants of social inclusion, subjective wellbeing of public work programs participants); (3) examples of country level analysis of drivers of exclusion (barriers to formalization in the labour market, gender disparities in the labour market, disruption in social networks following urbanizations, attitudes towards multi-ethnic states); (4) building inclusive safety nets (an assessment of safety nets in the region, the political economy of welfare reform, micro-simulations of social assistance reform, the adoption of better tools to improve targeting performance). The chapters combine sophisticated techniques which are at the frontiers of poverty analysis (small area estimation, efficiency analysis applied to household welfare, micro-simulations) with less ground-breaking papers which take advantage of innovative datasets or perspectives deeply grounded in the policy dialogue in the countries of the region. By providing a wide spectrum of innovative and policy relevant analytical contributions this book will be of broader interest than for observers of the region.Five Years of an Enlarged EU
Par Filip Keereman, Istvan Szekely. 2009
This book analyzes the economic performance of the EU in the first five years after its largest expansion in 2004.…
Accession and integration were expected to foster growth and convergence among the new Member States through intensified trade, foreign direct investment, financial deepening and the adoption of the EU's institutional framework. With the benefit of five years experience, this book brings together experts from academia and think-tanks to assess the driving forces of economic growth and real convergence. The question whether the EU has made a difference in terms of growth is studied thoroughly from various angles, including that of country-specific and sector-specific analysis. It is shown that while the enlargement has been a success story overall, growth and catching-up cannot be taken for granted and the importance of economic policy remains undiminished.Demand Forecasting for Inventory Control
Par Nick T. Thomopoulos. 2015
This book describes the methods used to forecast the demands at inventory holding locations. The methods are proven, practical and…
doable for most applications, and pertain to demand patterns that are horizontal, trending, seasonal, promotion and multi-sku. The forecasting methods include regression, moving averages, discounting, smoothing, two-stage forecasts, dampening forecasts, advance demand forecasts, initial forecasts, all time forecasts, top-down, bottom-up, raw and integer forecasts, Also described are demand history, demand profile, forecast error, coefficient of variation, forecast sensitivity and filtering outliers. The book shows how the forecasts with the standard normal, partial normal and truncated normal distributions are used to generate the safety stock for the availability and the percent fill customer service methods. The material presents topics that people want and should know in the work place. The presentation is easy to read for students and practitioners; there is little need to delve into difficult mathematical relationships, and numerical examples are presented throughout to guide the reader on applications. Practitioners will be able to apply the methods learned to the systems in their locations, and the typical worker will want the book on their bookshelf for reference. The potential market is vast. It includes everyone in professional organizations like APICS, DSI and INFORMS; MBA graduates, people in industry, and students in management science, business and industrial engineering.Der verborgene Hunger
Par Hans Konrad Biesalski, Joachim Von Braun. 2011
IIn Entwicklungsländern ist die Ernährungs-Problematik nicht alleine die unzureichende Versorgung mit Weizen und Reis, sondern die oftmals fehlende Versorgung mit…
Mikronährstoffen wie Vitaminen und Spurenelementen, die zu massiven Krankheiten (u.a. Blindheit) oder Minderwuchs führen. Selbst bei uns hier in Industrieländern, die wir uns gut ernähren können, treten, was die wenigsten wissen, bei Kindern und v.a. Senioren Mangelerscheinungen auf durch unzureichende Versorgung mit Vitaminen, so beispielsweise bei Vitamin D (geschwächtes Immunsystem; Osteoporose, da Vitamin D die Calcium-Aufnahme fördert). Fotos in Schwarzweiß werten seine Eingangsgeschichten auf.Umweltökonomik
Par Bodo Sturm, Carsten Vogt. 2010
Umweltökonomik bedeutet, nach Mitteln zur möglichst effizienten Bereitstellung von Umweltgütern wie etwa sauberes Wasser und Klimaschutz zu suchen. Dieses Buch…
führt in die Grundlagen der Umweltökonomik ein, stellt aber auch aktuelle Forschungsfragen vor. Die Theorie externer Effekte sowie die Besonderheiten von Umweltgütern werden ausführlich erläutert, ebenso umweltpolitische Instrumente - Steuern, Emissionshandel und Auflagen - zur Lösung von umweltrelevantem Marktversagen. Dabei legen die Autoren Wert auf Anwendungsorientierung und verständliche Darstellung mit geringem Einsatz formaler Methoden. Fallstudien beschäftigen sich mit externen Kosten des Verkehrs, der Ökologischen Steuerreform, dem EU-Emissionshandel und CO2-Standards für PKWs. Ein Themenschwerpunkt gilt dem Klimawandel und der Klimapolitik.The Global Financial Crisis: Genesis, Policy Response and Road Ahead
Par Satyendra Nayak. 2013
The Financial Crisis, though originating in the US, is global and comparable with the Great Depression of the 1930s. The…
book takes both micro and macro view of the crisis. It examines the evolution of the global monetary system and looks at the crisis from a systemic angle. It examines the institutional changes in American capitalism and market mechanisms. The dynamics of the market and its cyclical characters are discussed. It examines the structural changes in the US economy. The role of globalization and international funds flow, their changing character and the growing interdependence among nations have been examined. At the micro level, the book discusses the subprime market and the gaps in the system that created the crisis. It deals with the supervisory structure and growing influence of the derivatives market and the synthetic products that are threatening the financial system. It also analyzes the fundamental changes in the global trading and payments patterns, which are influencing the US balance of payments and the US dollar. The secular changes in the structure of the US economy are impacting the global economy. The work deals with the measures taken to resolve the crisis both in the US and on a global scale. The reforms necessary to avoid the recurrence of the crisis are outlined. The study aims to underline these factors and draw a perspective for the US dollar. It is also proposed to draw a scenario for a more efficient and equitable global monetary system with a role for the US dollar along with a new vehicle for international payments and finance. This would also include the reform of the global economic system and the IMF. The special feature of the book is that it takes a holistic view of the problem. The systemic and macro issues are discussed in addition to its microanalysis.Equity Storytelling
Par Veit Etzold, Thomas Ramge. 2014
Eine gute Story macht ein Unternehmen greifbar. Sie regt die Fantasie an. Denn der Mensch liebt Geschichten. Bei Unternehmenstransaktionen ist…
eine spannende Equity Story ein mächtiger Hebel, den Wert zu erhöhen. Der Preis steigt, wenn Investoren, Investmentbanker und Business Angels die Equity Story im Wortsinn abkaufen. Umso erstaunlicher ist: Viele Verkäufer von Unternehmensanteilen verzichten darauf, die Mittel des Storytellings für ihre Zwecke zu nutzen. Dabei gilt auch im Kontext von Mergers & Acquisitions, Private Equity und Venture Capital: Eine gute Equity Story ist mehr als glänzende Power Point-Präsentationen, optimistische Zahlungsströme und komplexe Excel-Sheets. Equity Storytelling ist kreatives Handwerk, verbunden mit analytisch-strategischer Grundkompetenz. Das Standardwerk für alle, die Unternehmen oder Unternehmensteile kaufen und verkaufen.Citizens' Wealth: Why (and How) Sovereign Funds Should be Managed by the People for the People
Par Angela Cummine. 2016
A wide-ranging analysis of a powerful but controversial new economic tool that has rapidly eclipsed the size of the hedge…
fund market In 2006, Chile teemed with protesters after finance minister Andrés Velasco invested budget surpluses from the nation's historic copper boom in two Sovereign Wealth Funds. A year later, when prices plummeted and unemployment soared, Chile's government was able to stimulate recovery by drawing on the funds. State-owned investment vehicles that hold public funds in a wide range of assets, Sovereign Wealth Funds enable governments to access an unprecedented degree of wealth. Consequently, more countries are seeking to establish them. Looking at Chile, China, Australia, Singapore, and numerous other examples, including a comparative analysis of Britain and Norway's use of oil revenues, Angela Cummine tackles the key ethical questions surrounding their use, including: To whom does the wealth belong? How should the funds be managed, invested, and distributed? With sovereign funds--and media attention--continuing to grow, this is an invaluable look at a hotly debated economic issue.