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Oxygen
Par Donald E. Canfield. 2014
The air we breathe is twenty-one percent oxygen, an amount higher than on any other known world. While we may…
take our air for granted, Earth was not always an oxygenated planet. How did it become this way? Oxygen is the most current account of the history of atmospheric oxygen on Earth. Donald Canfield--one of the world's leading authorities on geochemistry, earth history, and the early oceans--covers this vast history, emphasizing its relationship to the evolution of life and the evolving chemistry of the Earth. With an accessible and colorful first-person narrative, he draws from a variety of fields, including geology, paleontology, geochemistry, biochemistry, animal physiology, and microbiology, to explain why our oxygenated Earth became the ideal place for life. Describing which processes, both biological and geological, act to control oxygen levels in the atmosphere, Canfield traces the records of oxygen concentrations through time. Readers learn about the great oxidation event, the tipping point 2.3 billion years ago when the oxygen content of the Earth increased dramatically, and Canfield examines how oxygenation created a favorable environment for the evolution of large animals. He guides readers through the various lines of scientific evidence, considers some of the wrong turns and dead ends along the way, and highlights the scientists and researchers who have made key discoveries in the field. Showing how Earth's atmosphere developed over time, Oxygen takes readers on a remarkable journey through the history of the oxygenation of our planet.The Oxygen Cure: A Complete Guide to Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy
Par Jodie Gould, William S. Maxfield. 2016
The Best-Kept Secret in MedicineIn the United States, the FDA currently recognizes hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) for 14 conditions, including…
decompression sickness, embolism, crush injury, bone infection, burns, wound healing, severe anemia, and several others.Now, in The Oxygen Cure, hyperbaric expert William S. Max eld, M.D., will convince you that HBOT is a vastly underused modality that deserves to take its place among frontline medical treatments. As a holistic treatment, HBOT targets the underlying disease or condition, not just the symptoms.The Oxygen Cure reveals how hundreds of studies on HBOT conducted around the world prove it works at the cellular level to help or heal conditions such as: Stroke Chemo-Related Side Effects Epilepsy Fibromyalgia Emphysema & Asthma ADHD Rheumatoid Arthritis Cardiac Diseases Migraine & Vertigo Early Dementia Vision Loss Multiple Sclerosis & Parkinson's Disease Traumatic Brain Injury & PTSD And Dozens MoreFull of hope-inspiring case histories and expert findings, The Oxygen Cure shows how HBOT not only benefits the sick and injured (including our wounded veterans), but may also reduce our country's staggeringly high medical costs.HBOT often provides a safe alternative to drug therapy and dangerous invasive procedures.Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carriers as Red Cell Substitutes and Oxygen Therapeutics
Par Hae Won Kim, A. Gerson Greenburg. 2013
Currently, hemoglobin (Hb)-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) are leading candidates as red blood cell substitutes. In addition, HBOCs are also potential…
oxygen therapeutics for treatment of patients with critical ischemic conditions due to atherosclerosis, diabetes and other conditions. This book will provide readers a comprehensive review of topics involved in the HBOC development. It focusses on current products and clinical applications as well as on emerging technologies and future prospects.Phosphorescent Oxygen-Sensitive Probes
Par James Hynes, Dmitri Papkovsky, Ruslan I. Dmitriev, Andreas Fercher, Alexander V. Zhdanov. 2012
Biological O2 sensing probes and measurement techniques were first introduced in the late 80s. In the last 3-5 years they…
have undergone major development that have made them available and affordable for a broad range of applications in various disciplines of the life and biomedical sciences. These new chemistries and technologies, which are significantly different from the majority of other fluorescence-based probes and detection techniques, have already demonstrated their high utility. This book will provide a systematic overview of the existing and emerging O2 sensing technologies in their different modifications, a practical guide to their rational selection and use, and examples of biological applications/case studies, including details on how to set up and conduct such experiments, troubleshoot and interpret the data.Oxygen: Creating a New Paradigm
Par Paul Marino. 2022
This unique work from acclaimed author Dr. Paul Marino (Marino’s The ICU Book, The Little ICU Book) challenges the traditional…
notion that the human body thrives on oxygen, and that promoting tissue oxygenation is necessary for promoting life. This concept fails to recognize that oxygen is a destructive molecule that also damages the human body. Instead of welcoming oxygen, the human body limits exposure of the tissues to oxygen, and employs an army of chemical antioxidants to combat the damaging effects of oxygen. This “oxygen protective” human design represents a new paradigm for the relationship between oxygen and human survival, and it has important implications for the excessive and unregulated use of oxygen in clinical practice.Oxygen Diving (Diving Sciences)
Par Ryszard Klos. 2023
The book provides a derivation of the models used for calculating the risk and hazard of central oxygen toxicity pertaining…
to diving-based studies consistent with the research conducted earlier by the Royal Navy and the US Navy. This book forms the basis for extending the possibility of undertaking nitrox dives in combination with oxygen dives, thus significantly increasing tactical capabilities of conducting diving special operations. Features: provides derivation of the models used for calculating the risk and hazard of central oxygen toxicity improves oxygen diving procedures described in the US Navy Diving Manual includes procedures applicable to undertaking nitrox dives in combination with oxygen dives pitches the material at highest technology readiness levels, i.e. 9 TRL aims to increase tactical capabilities of conducting diving special operations This book is aimed at researchers, professionals and graduate students in life support system design, diving submarine safety, ventilation, health, sanitary engineering, mining engineering and working environment in chambers or closed compartments.Oxygen Transport to Tissue XXXIII
Par Martin Wolf, Duane F. Bruley, David K. Harrison, Sabine Van Huffel, Hans Ulrich Bucher, Markus Rudin, Ursula Wolf. 2003
Based on the 38th annual conference of the International Society on Oxygen Transport to Tissue (ISOTT), held in Ascona, Switzerland…
in July 2010, this volume covers all aspects of oxygen transport from air to the cells, organs and organisms; instrumentation and methods to sense oxygen and clinical evidence.Oxygen Transport to Tissue XXXI
Par Eiji Takahashi, Duane F. Bruley. 2010
This book covers all aspects of oxygen delivery to tissue, including blood flow and its regulation as well as oxygen…
metabolism. Special attention will be paid to methods of oxygen measurement in living tissue and application of these technologies to understanding physiological and biochemical basis for pathology related to tissue oxygenation. This book is multidisciplinary and designed to bring together experts and students from a range of research fields including biochemical engineering, physiology, microcirculation, and hematology.Oxygen Transport to Tissue XXXVI
Par Duane F. Bruley, David K. Harrison, Harold M. Swartz. 2014
This book contains the refereed contributions from the 41st annual meeting of ISOTT. The annual meetings of ISOTT bring together…
scientists from various fields (medicine, physiology, mathematics, biology, chemistry, physics, engineering, etc. ) in a unique international forum. Traditionally, ISOTT conferences are a place, where an atmosphere of interaction is created, where many questions are asked after each presentation and lively discussions occur at a high scientific level. This vivid interaction is the main motivation for members to participate and gain new ideas and knowledge in the broad field of oxygen transport to tissue. The papers in this volume summarize some of the outstanding contributions from the 41st annual meeting. Special features in this volume include invited presentations from senior members of ISOTT for the theme "the wisdom of ISOTT" in which founders, past presidents and prize winners from previous meetings provided both cutting edge new knowledge and integrated overviews of critical aspects of the field. The presentations and manuscripts also include those provided by the special opportunity provided by having part of the ISOTT meeting overlap with the EPR-2013 meeting where both focused on preclinical and clinical measurements of oxygen, with a particular emphasis on cancer.Oxygen Transport to Tissue XXXVIII
Par Duane F. Bruley, David K. Harrison, Qingming Luo, Lin Z. Li, Hua Shi. 2016
This book contains the refereed contributions from the 43rd annual meeting of ISOTT. The annual meetings of ISOTT bring together…
scientists from various fields (medicine, physiology, mathematics, biology, chemistry, physics, engineering, etc. ) in a unique international forum. ISOTT conferences are a place where an atmosphere of interaction is created, where many questions are asked after each presentation and lively discussions occur at a high scientific level. This vivid interaction is the main motivation for members to participate and gain new ideas and knowledge in the broad field of oxygen transport to tissue. The proceedings include sessions covered various research topics including Multi-Modal Imaging/Spectroscopy & Instrumentation; Cancer Metabolism; Cellular Hypoxia and Mitochondrial Function; Brain Oxygenation and Function; Other Organ Function and Metabolism; Oxygen Transport in Sports, Diseases and Clinical Care; Acupuncture, Meridians, and Primo Vascular System; EPR, MRS and MRI.Blood Substitutes and Oxygen Biotherapeutics
Par Henry Liu, Alan D. Kaye, Jonathan S. Jahr. 2022
This book functions as a comprehensive and authoritative reference book in blood transfusion and blood substitutes. It is a collection…
of the latest developments and the newest investigations, and individual chapters are written by world experts in the arena. The book begins with a historical review on the practice of transfusions as well as the components and physiology of blood. The following chapters cover various topics, including platelet substitutes, hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers, perfluorocarbon based oxygen carriers, and safety issues related to artificial hemoglobin. All chapters provide a bulleted highlights list to facilitate readers in mastering the main points of each individual chapter. Blood Substitutes and Oxygen Biotherapeutics is an invaluable reference book for perioperative care providers, hematologists, anesthesiologists, surgeons, obstetricians and gynecologists.Oxygen Transport to Tissue XXXVIII
Par Duane Bruley, Qingming Luo, Lin Li, Hua Shi. 2016
This book contains the refereed contributions from the 43rd annual meeting of ISOTT The annual meetings of ISOTT…
bring together scientists from various fields medicine physiology mathematics biology chemistry physics engineering etc in a unique international forum ISOTT conferences are a place where an atmosphere of interaction is created where many questions are asked after each presentation and lively discussions occur at a high scientific level This vivid interaction is the main motivation for members to participate and gain new ideas and knowledge in the broad field of oxygen transport to tissue The proceedings include sessions covered various research topics including Multi-Modal Imaging Spectroscopy Instrumentation Cancer Metabolism Cellular Hypoxia and Mitochondrial Function Brain Oxygenation and Function Other Organ Function and Metabolism Oxygen Transport in Sports Diseases and Clinical Care Acupuncture Meridians and Primo Vascular System EPR MRS and MRIOxygen Transport to Tissue XXXVII
Par David K. Harrison, Clare E. Elwell, Terence S. Leung. 2016
This book contains the refereed contributions from the 42nd annual meeting of ISOTT. The annual meetings of ISOTT bring together…
scientists from various fields (medicine, physiology, mathematics, biology, chemistry, physics, engineering, etc. ) in a unique international forum. ISOTT conferences are a place where an atmosphere of interaction is created, where many questions are asked after each presentation and lively discussions occur at a high scientific level. This vivid interaction is the main motivation for members to participate and gain new ideas and knowledge in the broad field of oxygen transport to tissue. The papers in this volume summarize some of the outstanding contributions from the 42nd annual meeting, which included sessions on: cellular hypoxia and mitochondria; blood substitutes and oxygen therapeutics; oxygen transport in critical care medicine and disease; muscle oxygenation; multi modal imaging techniques; brain oxygenation and imaging; optical techniques for oxygen measurement; microcirculation; mathematical modelling of oxygen transport; and cancer metabolism.Oxygen and the Evolution of Life
Par Heinz Decker, Kensal E Holde. 2010
This book describes the interlaced histories of life and oxygen. It opens with the generation of oxygen in ancient stars…
and its distribution to newly formed planets like the Earth. Free O2 was not available on the early Earth, so the first life forms had to be anaerobic. Life introduced free O2 into the environment through the evolution of photosynthesis, which must have been a disaster for many anaerobes. Others found ways to deal with the toxic reactive oxygen species and even developed a much more efficient oxygen-based metabolism. The authors vividly describe how the introduction of O2 allowed the burst of evolution that created today's biota. They also discuss the interplay of O2 and CO2, with consequences such as worldwide glaciations and global warming. On the physiological level, they present an overview of oxidative metabolism and O2 transport, and the importance of O2 in human life and medicine, emphasizing that while oxygen is essential, it is also related to aging and many disease states.Reactive Oxygen Species in Plant Signaling
Par Luis A. del Río, Alain Puppo. 2009
Until recent years the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was generally considered to be a harmful process and a…
generator of oxidative stress. But more recently this concept has been re-evaluated and the term "oxidative signaling" was coined (Foyer and Noctor, 2005). This means that ROS generation is also an important component of the signaling network of plants. Results obtained during the last decade have highlighted that ROS are key regulators of plant metabolism, morphology and development which are also used by plants to respond to environmental challenges. The role of ROS as signals for gene expression has been established, and ROS also modulate the activity of key signaling compounds such as MAP kinases. The volume of research into the roles of ROS in plants is currently growing and the purpose of this book is to present recent advances in this field.Chemistry and Biochemistry of Oxygen Therapeutics
Par Stefano Bettati, Andrea Mozzarelli. 2011
Human blood performs many important functions including defence against disease and transport of biomolecules, but perhaps the most important is…
to carry oxygen - the fundamental biochemical fuel - and other blood gases around the cardiovascular system. Traditional therapies for the impairment of this function, or the rapid replacement of lost blood, have centred around blood transfusions. However scientists are developing chemicals (oxygen therapeutics, or "blood substitutes") which have the same oxygen-carrying capability as blood and can be used as replacements for blood transfusion or to treat diseases where oxygen transport is impaired.Chemistry and Biochemistry of Oxygen Therapeutics: From Transfusion to Artificial Blood links the underlying biochemical principles of the field with chemical and biotechnological innovations and pre-clinical development.The first part of the book deals with the chemistry, biochemistry, physiology and toxicity of oxygen, including chapters on hemoglobin reactivity and regulation; the major cellular and physiological control mechanisms of blood flow and oxygen delivery; hemoglobin and myoglobin; nitric oxide and oxygen; and the role of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in ischemia/reperfusion Injury.The book then discusses medical needs for oxygen supply, including acute traumatic hemorrhage and anemia; diagnosis and treatment of haemorrhages in "non-surgical" patients; management of perioperative bleeding; oxygenation in the preterm neonate; ischemianormobaric and hyperbaric oxygen therapy for ischemic stroke and other neurological conditions; and transfusion therapy in β thalassemia and sickle cell diseaseFinally "old"and new strategies for oxygen supply are described. These include the political, administrative and logistic issues surrounding transfusion; conscientious objection in patient blood management; causes and consequences of red cell incompatibility; biochemistry of red blood cell storage; proteomic investigations on stored red blood cells; red blood cells from stem cells; the universal red blood cell; allosteric effectors of hemoglobin; hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers; oxygen delivery by natural and artificial oxygen carriers; cross-linked and polymerized hemoglobins as potential blood substitutes; design of novel pegylated hemoglobins as oxygen carrying plasma expanders; hb octamers by introduction of surface cysteines; hemoglobin-vesicles as a cellular type hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier; animal models and oxidative biomarkers to evaluate pre-clinical safety of extracellular hemoglobins; and academia - industry collaboration in blood substitute development.Chemistry and Biochemistry of Oxygen Therapeutics: From Transfusion to Artificial Blood is an essential reference for clinicians, haematologists, medicinal chemists, biochemists, molecular biologists, biotechnologists and blood substitute researchers.The Electronic Transitions of Molecular Oxygen
Par Mikkel Bregnh j. 2019
This book presents the fundamentals and the state of the art of the photophysics of molecular oxygen. The author examines…
optical transitions between the lowest-lying electronic states in molecular oxygen and how these transitions respond to perturbation, either from an organic molecule or from the plasmon field of a metal nanoparticle. We live on a planet filled with light and oxygen. The interaction between these two components forms the basis of excited state chemistry spanning the fields of synthetic organic chemistry, materials chemistry, molecular biology, and photodynamic treatment of cancer. Still, the fundamental ways in which oxygen is affected by light is an active subject of research and is continually being developed and rationalized. In this book, readers will learn that singlet oxygen, the excited state of oxygen that exhibits unique chemical reactivity, can be selectively made via direct optical excitation of oxygen in a sensitizer-free system. Readers will also discover that this approach can perturb living cells differently depending on the singlet oxygen “dose”.Handbook Methods For Oxygen Radical Research
Par Robert A. Greenwald. 1985
This volume is divided into five sections. Section I deals with preparative methodology for isolation and purification of the components…
of the oxy radical experimental systems use most frequently, including all three forms of SOD and several other important scavengers. Section II provides the experimenter with a choice of a dozen oxy radical generating systems which can be used for testing of scavengers or for evaluation of the effects of oxy radicals on target tissues. The reader will note that in this section, as well as in most of the rest of the volume, the orientation is primarily biochemical, biologic, and medical, rather than pure chemistry or pure physics. Nevertheless, the techniques are widely applicable to a variety of disciplines.Electrochemical Oxygen Reduction: Fundamental and Applications
Par Pei Kang Shen. 2021
This book discusses systematically the theoretical research and the applications of electrochemical oxygen reduction. Oxygen reduction reaction is a common…
issue in electrochemistry, but is also an important process involved in the field of energy, cryogenic fuel cells, metal–air cells, oxygen sensors and hydrogen peroxide preparation. This book is divided into 6 chapters; it starts with a description of dynamic mechanisms, followed by a detailed introduction on the related experimental methods and related catalyst preparation technology. By providing the basic methods and testing techniques, and by demonstrating their applications, it helps readers gain a better understanding of oxygen reduction reactions, making it a valuable resource for the industrialization of scientific research achievements. Accordingly, the book appeals to a broad readership, particularly graduate students, those working at universities and research organizations, and industrial researchers.Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy: Principles and Applications
Par Manoj Gupta, Indumathi Somasundaram. 2023
This book covers the hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) in current recommended indications, emphasizing the mechanisms involved in the benefits of…
supplemental oxygen under high pressure. The physiological changes associated with high pressure and hyperoxic conditions are discussed in initial chapters, along with their physical basis governed by the laws of gas followed by the functioning of hyperbaric chambers and the safety precautions needed in operating them. Utilization of HBOT in indications such as wound healing, severe anemia, and burn injuries is thoroughly explained, along with the recommended protocol for HBOT administration. The final chapters present the contraindications of HBOT and its promising effects on aging and regeneration.This book is helpful to HBOT practitioners in understanding its underlying mechanism and major applications.