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Die vorliegende Arbeit wirft einen eingehenden Blick auf die Konfrontation der Charedim mit der politischen Moderne. Die Charedim sind eine…
jüdisch-orthodoxe Gruppe, die sich auf traditionelle religiöse Lehren beruft und kritisch gegenüber Grundprinzipien der Moderne wie Demokratie, Gleichheit und Autonomie eingestellt sind. Darüber hinaus lehnen sie moderne jüdische Strömungen, wie den Zionismus und das Reformjudentum, als ketzerisch ab. Ihr Streben nach Bewahrung einer imaginierten Tradition im Kontext der Moderne und ihr erzwungenes Einfügen darin prägt ihr Dasein und ihr Handeln.Lintl untersucht ihre Auseinandersetzung mit anderen jüdischen Strömungen sowohl in der Zeit vor der Gründung des Staates Israel als auch seit 1948. Zudem zeigt der Autor wie sich die Charedim den Herausforderungen eines jüdischen und demokratischen Nationalstaats stellen müssen. Dabei werden politische und ideologische Konflikte ebenso analysiert wie der wachsende politische Einfluss ihrer Parteien auf den Staat.Diese Herangehensweise wird in einen Rahmen eingebettet, der sich von den herkömmlichen Analyserastern abhebt. Insbesondere werden Fundamentalismustheorien, ihre theoretischen Vereinfachungen und normativen Vorurteile kritisch betrachtet. Stattdessen verdeutlicht Lintl, dass der religiös-politische Komplex nur dann angemessen verstanden wird, wenn der Übergang von einer achsenkulturell geprägten Logik zur Moderne betrachtet wird. Dabei verdeutlicht Lintl, was an der politischen Moderne im Kern säkular ist, warum „Religion“ im heutigen Sinne erst durch die Moderne geschaffen wurde, inwiefern es religiöse Kontinuitäten in der Moderne gibt und weshalb diese eine Herausforderung für religiöse Bewegungen darstellt.Hire Purchase Under Shirkah al-Milk (HPSM) in Islamic Banking and Finance: A Shari'ah Analysis
Par Muhammad Mostofa Hossain, M. Kabir Hassan, Aishath Muneeza. 2023
HPSM is a modern financial contract that comprises shirkah (partnership), ijarah (lease), and sale contracts. In the HPSM contract, ownership…
of the asset is jointly held by the bank and the client. The client makes regular instalments. During the contract, the client is granted to use the asset as long as he meets specific conditions. Upon the completion of all instalments, the asset becomes the property of the client. This book seeks to shed light on the fundamental concept of HPSM, including the policies, regulations, and subsidiary contracts that play a vital role in its practical application. It provides a thorough exploration of the documentation and accounting procedures, while also addressing potential Shari’ah-related issues in HPSM, and will be of potential interest to students, researchers, policymakers and practitioners, offering a comprehensive understanding of how HPSM is applied within the Islamic finance industry.Ms. Marvel's America: No Normal
Par Jessica Baldanzi and Hussein Rashid. 2020
Contributions by José Alaniz, Jessica Baldanzi, Eric Berlatsky, Peter E. Carlson, Sika A. Dagbovie-Mullins, Antero Garcia, Aaron Kashtan, Winona Landis,…
A. David Lewis, Martin Lund, Shabana Mir, Kristin M. Peterson, Nicholaus Pumphrey, Hussein Rashid, and J. Richard Stevens Mainstream superheroes are becoming more and more diverse, with new identities for Spider-Man, Captain America, Thor, and Iron Man. Though the Marvel-verse is becoming much more racially, ethnically, and gender diverse, many of these comics remain shy about religion. The new Ms. Marvel, Kamala Khan, is a notable exception, not only because she is written and conceived by two women, Sana Amanat and G. Willow Wilson, but also because both of these women bring their own experiences as Muslim Americans to the character. This distinct collection brings together scholars from a range of disciplines including literature, cultural studies, religious studies, pedagogy, and communications to engage with a single character, exploring Khan’s significance for a broad readership. While acknowledged as the first Muslim superhero to headline her own series, her character appears well developed and multifaceted in many other ways. She is the first character to take over an established superhero persona, Ms. Marvel, without a reboot of the series or death of the original character. The teenager is also a second-generation immigrant, born to parents who arrived in New Jersey from Pakistan. With essays from and about diverse voices on an array of topics from fashion to immigration history to fandom, this volume includes an exclusive interview with Ms. Marvel author and cocreator G. Willow Wilson by gender studies scholar Shabana Mir.Jews and Muslims in German Print Media: Integration and Multiculturalism Versus Antisemitism and Islamophobia
Par Jolanda van der Noll, Katharina F. Gallant. 2024
This book uses a comparative research design to analyze the reporting on the Jewish minority and the Muslim minority in German…
newspapers from 2010-2019, asking whether minorities are truly treated as equals in the reporting of the mainstream German media. After providing historical and socio-political context for both groups as minority populations in Germany, the authors make use of qualitative and quantitative methods to examine sentiment and determine whether the media demonstrates a unifying or a well-differentiated portrayal of the two groups. The findings show that reporting on these groups is not as unbiased as many in Germany believe. Drawing on frameworks including the needs-based model of reconciliation, the revised integrated threat theory, and the model of acculturation strategies, the book then discusses the implications for both journalistic reporting and broader social policies in support of a constructive encounter of dominant andnon-dominant groups in a diverse society. This book will be of interest to scholars and students in the field of migration, integration and intergroup relations, as well as those in communication, media studies, and discourse analysis.Matrilineal, Matriarchal, and Matrifocal Islam: The World of Women-Centric Islam (Palgrave Series in Islamic Theology, Law, and History)
Par Abbas Panakkal, Nasr M Arif. 2024
Around the world, Islamic cultures have developed distinctive matrilineal, matrifocal, matrilocal, or matriarchal natures as a result of how they…
have been practised by integrated and indigenised Muslim communities. In matrilineal descent systems, in contrast to the more common mosaic of patrilineal patterns, children belong to the mother’s ancestry group. Matrilineal Muslims therefore follow a social system in which people are identified with their mother's lineage, and the inheritance of property as well as succession are transferred through the matriline. This volume focuses on matrilineal, matrifocal and matriarchal Muslims and their unique folk natures, integrated social structures, adopted legal systems, and so on. It provides a unique perspective for understanding global Muslim communities that have succeeded in integrating the matrilineal tenets of local practices with religion, adhering to essential Islamic values in a way that makes traditional women-centred cultures acceptable to mainstream Islam.Gender, Islam and Sexuality in Contemporary Indonesia (Engaging Indonesia)
Par Monika Arnez, Melani Budianta. 2024
This Open Access book explores the complex interplay between gender, Islam and sexuality in Indonesia, the country with the world's…
largest Muslim population. The authors offer a fresh look at the tensions between the local and the global through a wide range of cultural expressions and productions, including fashion, Islamic dating, popular literature, and videos on YouTube. The book is grouped around three core themes: sexuality and violence, halal lifestyle, and shame and self-determination. The first section unpacks how activists and progressive religious scholars have argued for the need for the Sexual Violence Bill and it examines the ambivalence between criminalisation and care towards LGBTQ+ people. In the second, the authors bring new insights into how local expressions of Islam, gender and sexuality are negotiated in an increasingly globalised world. The contributions on the third theme tackle gender roles and mobility in culturally diverse regions such as Hong Kong,Taiwan, Singapore, the US, and Indonesia. "The volume is a must-read for anyone wanting to get up to speed on changes in Indonesia's gender, sexuality and Islamic landscape." - Professor Sharyn Graham Davies, Director of the Herb Feith Indonesia Engagement Centre, Monash University, Australia "A showcase of excellent research, this book is of appeal to Indonesian studies scholars, and to readers in the field of Asian cultural studies. It is also of relevance to the field of Asian gender and sexuality studies, and to scholars in Islamic studies." - Professor Pamela Nilan, University of Newcastle, AustraliaWoman, Man, and God in Modern Islam
Par Theodore Friend. 2012
Award-winning historian Theodore Friend recently set out alone across Asia and the Middle East on a quest to understand firsthand…
the life situations of women in Indonesia, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Iran, and Turkey. Woman, Man, and God in Modern Islam recounts Friend’s remarkable journey and relates hundreds of encounters and conversations with people he met along the way.Commingling a deep respect for Islam and his faith in the potential of women to change their worlds, Friend presents an open, exploratory outsider’s perspective on women in five very different Islamic cultures — timely fare for all who wish to broaden their world horizons.Islamic Financial Institutions from the Early Modern Period to the 20th Century: Comparative Perspectives on the History and Development of Cash Waqfs
Par Mehmet Bulut, Bora Altay, Cem Korkut. 2024
The edited collection offers a comprehensive and intricate exploration of Ottoman cash waqfs, extending its scope from the early modern…
era to the onset of the twentieth century. It delves into the historical evolution of these private Islamic financial institutions, shedding light on their enduring influence and drawing insightful parallels with both contemporary Middle Eastern and European financial systems. Leveraging newly uncovered data spanning various regions of the Ottoman Empire, this work scrutinizes the dynamic functions of waqfs, revealing their significant imprint on today's financial paradigms. It advances existing scholarship by employing quantitative methodologies and systematic analysis of these emergent datasets, facilitating a sophisticated, longitudinal study of cash waqfs within the broader spectrum of historical interest rate trends and global credit markets. The chapters trace the transformation of waqfs from entities primarily holding immovable assets to those managing movable assets (cash waqfs), delineating their role in generating revenue for diverse purposes. These encompass funding state debts, fostering infrastructure development, and extending microcredit to economically marginalized segments of society. Additionally, the book explores the challenges and failures encountered in the transition of financial institutions during the Ottoman era, particularly in the context of the emergence of large public banks. The concluding segment of the book offers a comparative analysis of financial systems across various countries, including the shift from private to public banking in Italy, and contemplates the potential applicability of waqf models in contemporary microcredit initiatives and sustainable development strategies. This volume will appeal to scholars of financial history, economic history, Ottoman studies, and Islamic finance.Devotion to the Administrative State: Religion and Social Order in Egypt
Par Mona Oraby. 2024
Why the pursuit of state recognition by seemingly marginal religious groups in Egypt and elsewhere is a devotional practiceOver the…
past decade alone, religious communities around the world have demanded state recognition, exemption, accommodation, or protection. They make these appeals both in states with a declared religious identity and in states officially neutral toward religion. In this book, Mona Oraby argues that the pursuit of official recognition by religious minorities amounts to a devotional practice. Countering the prevailing views on secularism, Oraby contends that demands by seemingly marginal groups to have their religious differences recognized by the state in fact assure communal integrity and coherence over time. Making her case, she analyzes more than fifty years of administrative judicial trends, theological discourse, and minority claims-making practices, focusing on the activities of Coptic Orthodox Christians and Baháʼí in modern and contemporary Egypt.Oraby documents the ways that devotion is expressed across a range of sites and sources, including in lawyers&’ offices, administrative judicial verdicts, televised media and film, and invitation-only study sessions. She shows how Egypt&’s religious minorities navigated the political and legal upheavals of the 2011 uprising and now persevere amid authoritarian repression. In a Muslim-majority state, they assert their status as Islam&’s others, finding belonging by affirming their difference; and difference, Oraby argues, is the necessary foundation for collective life. Considering these activities in light of the global history of civil administration and adjudication, Oraby shows that the lengths to which these marginalized groups go to secure their status can help us to reimagine the relationship between law and religion.The Wolf King: Ibn Mardanish and the Construction of Power in al-Andalus (Medieval Societies, Religions, and Cultures)
Par Abigail Krasner Balbale. 2022
The Wolf King explores how political power was conceptualized, constructed, and wielded in twelfth-century al-Andalus, focusing on the eventful reign…
of Muhammad ibn Sad ibn Ahmad ibn Mardanīsh (r. 1147–1172). Celebrated in Castilian and Latin sources as el rey lobo/rex lupus and denigrated by Almohad and later Arabic sources as irreligious and disloyal to fellow Muslims because he fought the Almohads and served as vassal to the Castilians, Ibn Mardanīsh ruled a kingdom that at its peak constituted nearly half of al-Andalus and served as an important buffer between the Almohads and the Christian kingdoms of Castile and Aragon.Through a close examination of contemporary sources across the region, Abigail Krasner Balbale shows that Ibn Mardanīsh's short-lived dynasty was actually an attempt to integrate al-Andalus more closely with the Islamic East—particularly the Abbasid caliphate. At stake in his battles against the Almohads was the very idea of the caliphate in this period, as well as who could define righteous religious authority. The Wolf King makes effective use of chronicles, chancery documents, poetry, architecture, coinage, and artifacts to uncover how Ibn Mardanīsh adapted language and cultural forms from around the Islamic world to assert and consolidate power—and then tracks how these strategies, and the memory of Ibn Mardanīsh more generally, influenced expressions of kingship in subsequent periods.Two Sisters: A Father, His Daughters, and Their Journey into the Syrian Jihad
Par Åsne Seierstad. 2016
The riveting true story of two sisters’ journey to the Islamic State and the father who tries to bring them…
homeTwo Sisters, by the international bestselling author Åsne Seierstad, tells the unforgettable story of a family divided by faith. Sadiq and Sara, Somali immigrants raising a family in Norway, one day discover that their teenage daughters, Leila and Ayan, have vanished—and are en route to Syria to aid the Islamic State. Seierstad’s riveting account traces the sisters’ journey from secular, social democratic Norway to the front lines of the war in Syria, and follows Sadiq’s harrowing attempt to find them.Employing the same mastery of narrative suspense she brought to The Bookseller of Kabul and One of Us, Seierstad puts the problem of radicalization into painfully human terms, using instant messages and other primary sources to reconstruct a family’s crisis from the inside. Eventually, she takes us into the hellscape of the Syrian civil war, as Sadiq risks his life in pursuit of his daughters, refusing to let them disappear into the maelstrom—even after they marry ISIS fighters. Two Sisters is a relentless thriller and a feat of reporting with profound lessons about belief, extremism, and the meaning of devotion.Mosque: Approaches to Art and Architecture
Par Idries Trevathan. 2024
Mosque examines the history, culture, evolution and functions of the Muslim house of worship through the prism of its artistic…
objects and architectural elements. Contributors present a range of elements, from dome to mihrab, to mosque furniture including lamps, prayer rugs and Qur’an stands. In addition, the book draws attention to the importance of mosque heritage through special projects and initiatives that study, preserve and revitalize the traditional arts of the mosque. This unique book brings together prominent architects, art historians, artists, historians and curators to explore innovative approaches towards the study of mosques through the presentation of original research and insights about mosque-related cultural objects. It is essential reading for anyone interested in the art and culture of the Muslim world.Politicizing Islam in Austria: The Far-Right Impact in the Twenty-First Century
Par Farid Hafez, Reinhard Heinisch. 2024
Among its Continental peers, Austria has stood out for its longstanding state recognition of the Muslim community as early as…
1912. A shift has occurred more recently, however, as populist far-right voices within the Austrian government have redirected public discourse and put into question Islam’s previously accepted autonomous status within the country. Politicizing Islam in Austria examines this anti-Muslim swerve in Austrian politics through a comprehensive analysis of government policies and regulations, as well as party and public discourses. In their innovative study, Hafez and Heinisch show how the far-right Austrian Freedom Party (FPÖ) adapted anti-Muslim discourse to their political purposes and how that discourse was then appropriated by the conservative center-right Austrian People’s Party (ÖVP). This reconfiguration of the political landscape prepared the way for a right-wing coalition government between conservatives and far-right actors that would subsequently institutionalize anti-Muslim political demands and change the shape of the civic conditions and public perceptions of Islam and the Muslim community in the republic.The Life of the Qur'an: From Eternal Roots to Enduring Legacy
Par Mohamad Jebara. 2024
"Appropriately epic and consistently erudite, yet accessible for lay readers." —Kirkus (Starred review) Based on extensive scholarship, an innovative biography…
of the central text of IslamOver a billion copies of the Qur`an exist – yet it remains an enigma. Its classical Arabic language resists simple translation, and its non-linear style of abstract musings defies categorization. Moreover, those who champion its sanctity and compete to claim its mantle offer widely diverging interpretations of its core message – at times with explosive results.Building on his intimate portrait of the Qur`an’s prophet in Muhammad the World-Changer, Mohamad Jebara returns with a vivid profile of the book itself. While viewed in retrospect as the grand scripture of triumphant empires, Jebara reveals how the Qur`an unfolded over 22 years amidst intense persecution, suffering, and loneliness. The Life of the Qur`an recounts this vivid drama as a biography examining the book’s obscured heritage, complex revelation, and contested legacy.The Qur`an re-emerges with clarity as a dynamic life force that seeks to inspire human beings to unleash their dormant potential despite often-overwhelming odds – in order to transform themselves and the world.Koran für Dummies (Für Dummies)
Par Sohaib Sultan. 2024
Alles Wissenswerte über die heilige Schrift des Islam Der Koran ist die heilige Schrift von über 1,8 Milliarden Muslimen auf…
allen Kontinenten. Er ist die Offenbarung Allahs an den Religionsstifter Mohammed, hohe Literatur und zugleich Leitfaden für das tägliche Leben der Gläubigen. Was sagt der Koran über den Glauben, über Frauen, über die Familie, über Andersgläubige, über Verbrechen und ihre Bestrafung? Sohaib Sultan berichtet über die Entstehung der heiligen Schrift und erläutert die Sprache des Koran. Er räumt Missverständnisse über den Koran aus dem Weg und eröffnet damit Möglichkeiten zu einem besseren Verständnis des Islam. Sie erfahren Wie der Koran entstanden und wie er aufgebaut ist Wie vielfältig sich der Koran interpretieren lässt Wie ein Leben nach dem Koran heute aussieht Was der Koran zu gesellschaftlichen Fragen sagtSorcery or Science?: Contesting Knowledge and Practice in West African Sufi Texts (Magic in History)
Par Ariela Marcus-Sells. 2022
Sorcery or Science? examines how two Sufi Muslim theologians who rose to prominence in the western Sahara Desert in the…
late eighteenth century, Sīdi al-Mukhtār al-Kuntī (d. 1811) and his son and successor, Sīdi Muḥammad al-Kuntī (d. 1826), decisively influenced the development of Sufi Muslim thought in West Africa.Known as the Kunta scholars, Mukhtār al-Kuntī and Muḥammad al-Kuntī were influential teachers who developed a pedagogical network of students across the Sahara. In exploring their understanding of “the realm of the unseen”—a vast, invisible world that is both surrounded and interpenetrated by the visible world—Ariela Marcus-Sells reveals how these theologians developed a set of practices that depended on knowledge of this unseen world and that allowed practitioners to manipulate the visible and invisible realms. They called these practices “the sciences of the unseen.” While they acknowledged that some Muslims—particularly self-identified “white” Muslim elites—might consider these practices to be “sorcery,” the Kunta scholars argued that these were legitimate Islamic practices. Marcus-Sells situates their ideas and beliefs within the historical and cultural context of the Sahara Desert, surveying the cosmology and metaphysics of the realm of the unseen and the history of magical discourses within the Hellenistic and Arabo-Islamic worlds. Erudite and innovative, this volume connects the Islamic sciences of the unseen with the reception of Hellenistic discourses of magic and proposes a new methodology for reading written devotional aids in historical context. It will be welcomed by scholars of magic and specialists in Africana religious studies, Islamic occultism, and Islamic manuscript culture.Deep Knowledge: Ways of Knowing in Sufism and Ifa, Two West African Intellectual Traditions (Africana Religions)
Par Oludamini Ogunnaike. 2020
This book is an in-depth, comparative study of two of the most popular and influential intellectual and spiritual traditions of…
West Africa: Tijani Sufism and Ifa. Employing a unique methodological approach that thinks with and from—rather than merely about—these traditions, Oludamini Ogunnaike argues that they contain sophisticated epistemologies that provide practitioners with a comprehensive worldview and a way of crafting a meaningful life.Using theories belonging to the traditions themselves as well as contemporary oral and textual sources, Ogunnaike examines how both Sufism and Ifa answer the questions of what knowledge is, how it is acquired, and how it is verified. Or, more simply: What do you know? How did you come to know it? How do you know that you know? After analyzing Ifa and Sufism separately and on their own terms, the book compares them to each other and to certain features of academic theories of knowledge. By analyzing Sufism from the perspective of Ifa, Ifa from the perspective of Sufism, and the contemporary academy from the perspective of both, this book invites scholars to inhabit these seemingly “foreign” intellectual traditions as valid and viable perspectives on knowledge, metaphysics, psychology, and ritual practice.Unprecedented and innovative, Deep Knowledge makes a significant contribution to cross-cultural philosophy, African philosophy, religious studies, and Islamic studies. Its singular approach advances our understanding of the philosophical bases underlying these two African traditions and lays the groundwork for future study.Qayrawān: The Amuletic City (Refiguring Modernism)
Par William Gallois. 2024
In the last years of the nineteenth century, the Tunisian city of Qayrawān suddenly found itself covered in murals. Concentrated…
on and around the city’s Great Mosque, these monumental artworks were only visible for about fifty years, from the 1880s through the 1930s. This book investigates the fascinating history of who created these outdoor paintings and why.Using visual archaeological methods, William Gallois reconstructs the visual history of these works and vividly brings them back to life. He locates pictorial records of the murals from the backdrops of photographs, postcards, and other forms of European ephemera. In Qayrawān, he identifies a form of religious painting that transposed traditional aesthetic forms such as house decoration, embroidery, and tattooing—which lay exclusively within the domains of women—onto the body of a conquered city. Gallois argues that these works were created by women as a form of “emergency art,” intended to offer amuletic protection for the community, and demonstrates how they differ markedly from “classical” Islamic antecedents and modern modes of Arab cultural production in the Middle East and North Africa.Based on extensive archival research, this study is both a record of a unique moment in the history of art and a challenge to rethink the spiritual force and agency of a group of anonymous female artists whose paintings aspired to help save the world at a time of great peril. It will be welcomed by scholars of art history, Islamic studies, Middle East studies, and the history of magic.Religion and Poverty: Monotheistic Responses Around the Globe
Par Susan Crawford Sullivan, Stephen Offutt, Shariq Ahmed Siddiqui. 2024
This book offers a timely and compelling look at religion and poverty, focusing primarily on the two largest world religions,…
Christianity and Islam, and considering religion and poverty in the United States and international contexts.Written by social scientists, the book incorporates relevant theology with a focus on how theology is lived in relation to issues of poverty. Topics include religion as it relates to social service provision, lived religion, philanthropy, faith-based social movements, public policy, and more. This volume synthesizes existing research on religion and poverty and includes new original research.It is an essential resource for upper-level undergraduate or graduate courses focused on religion and poverty and is also an outstanding supplementary text for broader courses in religion, poverty, social welfare, philanthropy, and non-profit organizations.Integrating Spiritual Interventions in Islamic Psychology: A Practical Guide (Islamic Psychology and Psychotherapy)
Par Juraida Latif, Shaakirah Dockrat, G. Hussein Rassool. 2024
This book provides Islāmic psychology practitioners a framework on integrating evidence-based approaches of spiritual interventions based on Islāmic jurisprudence (Shari’ah…
with therapy). Covering both the theoretical and theological underpinnings of religious coping from an Islāmic perspective while also serving as a practical guide, this text delivers an integrative approach which can be used in psychotherapy to ensure a more holistic process of healing and well-being. It outlines the positive and essential contributions that interventions rooted in Qur’ânic and Sunnah evidence can make in terms of prevention, treatment, and recovery, describing a wide variety of practices and beliefs. Chapters focus on highlighting the importance of daily supplications and prayers, as well as other Prophetic remedies as part of a comprehensive, encompassing therapeutic plan for not only psycho-spiritual, but also physiological afflictions. This book provides all Muslim mental health practitioners, trainees, and students as well as healthcare workers in Muslim communities with an accessible guide to using Islāmic spiritual interventions in therapeutic practice.