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Fundamentals of Phosphors
Par William M. Yen, Shigeo Shionoya and Hajime Yamamoto. 2006
Drawing from the second edition of the best-selling Handbook of Phosphors, Fundamentals of Phosphors covers the principles and mechanisms of…
luminescence in detail and surveys the primary phosphor materials as well as their optical properties. The book addresses cutting-edge developments in phosphor science and technology including oxynitride phosphors and the impact of lanthanide level location on phosphor performance.Beginning with an explanation of the physics underlying luminescence mechanisms in solids, the book goes on to interpret various luminescence phenomena in inorganic and organic materials. This includes the interpretation of the luminescence of recently developed low-dimensional systems, such as quantum wells and dots. The book also discusses the excitation mechanisms by cathode-ray and ionizing radiation and by electric fields to produce electroluminescence. The book classifies phosphor materials according to the type of luminescence centers employed or the class of host materials used and interprets the optical properties of these materials, including their luminescence characteristics and mechanisms. Placing a strong emphasis on those materials that are important from a practical point of view, the coverage also includes those possessing no possibility for practical use but are important from a theoretical standpoint.Plasma Discharge in Liquid: Water Treatment and Applications
Par Alexander Fridman, Yong Yang, Young I. Cho. 2012
Plasma methods that effectively combine ultraviolet radiation, active chemicals, and high electric fields offer an alternative to conventional water treatment…
methods. However, knowledge of the electric breakdown of liquids has not kept pace with this increasing interest, mostly due to the complexity of phenomena related to the plasma breakdown process. Plasma Discharge in Liquid: Water Treatment and Applications provides engineers and scientists with a fundamental understanding of the physical and chemical phenomena associated with plasma discharges in liquids, particularly in water. It also examines state-of-the-art plasma-assisted water treatment technologies. The Physics & Applications of Underwater Plasma Discharges The first part of the book describes the physical mechanism of pulsed electric breakdown in water and other liquids. It looks at how plasma is generated in liquids and discusses the electronic and bubble mechanism theories for how the electric discharge in liquid is initiated. The second part of the book focuses on various water treatment applications, including: Decontamination of volatile organic compounds and remediation of contaminated water Microorganism sterilization and other biological applications Cooling water treatment Drawing extensively on recent research, this one-stop reference combines the physics and applications of electric breakdown in liquids in a single volume. It offers a valuable resource for scientists, engineers, and students interested in the topic of plasmas in liquids.Optics in Magnetic Multilayers and Nanostructures (Optical Science and Engineering)
Par Stefan Visnovsky. 2006
In the continuing push toward optical computing, the focus remains on finding and developing the right materials. Characterizing materials, understanding…
the behavior of light in these materials, and being able to control the light are key players in the search for suitable optical materials. Optics in Magnetic Multilayers and Nanostructures presents an accessible introduction to optics in anisotropic magnetic media.While most of the literature presents only final results of the complicated formulae for the optics in anisotropic media, this book provides detailed explanations and full step-by-step derivations that offer insight into the procedure and reveal any approximations. Based on more than three decades of experimental research on the subject, the author explains the basic concepts of magnetooptics; nonreciprocal wave propagation; the simultaneous effect of crystalline symmetry and arbitrarily oriented magnetization on the form of permittivity tensors; spectral dependence of permittivity; multilayers at polar, longitudinal, transverse, and arbitrary magnetization; the effect of normal or near-normal incidence on multilayers; and anisotropic multilayer gratings.Making the subject of magnetooptics and anisotropic media approachable by the nonspecialist, Optics in Magnetic Multilayers and Nanostructures serves as an ideal introduction to newcomers and an indispensable reference for seasoned researchers.Why String Theory?
Par Joseph Conlon. 2017
Physics World's 'Book of the Year' for 2016 An Entertaining and Enlightening Guide to the Who, What, and Why of…
String Theory, now also available in an updated reflowable electronic format compatible with mobile devices and e-readers. During the last 50 years, numerous physicists have tried to unravel the secrets of string theory. Yet why do these scientists work on a theory lacking experimental confirmation? Why String Theory? provides the answer, offering a highly readable and accessible panorama of the who, what, and why of this large aspect of modern theoretical physics. The author, a theoretical physics professor at the University of Oxford and a leading string theorist, explains what string theory is and where it originated. He describes how string theory fits into physics and why so many physicists and mathematicians find it appealing when working on topics from M-theory to monsters and from cosmology to superconductors.Encyclopedic Handbook of Integrated Optics (Optical Science and Engineering)
Par KENICHI IGA and YASUO KOKUBUN. 2005
As optical technologies move closer to the core of modern computer architecture, there arise many challenges in building optical capabilities…
from the network to the motherboard. Rapid advances in integrated optics technologies are making this a reality. However, no comprehensive, up-to-date reference is available to the technologies and principles underlying the field. The Encyclopedic Handbook of Integrated Optics fills this void, collecting the work of 53 leading experts into a compilation of the most important concepts, phenomena, technologies, and terms covering all related fields.This unique book consists of two types of entries: the first is a detailed, full-length description; the other, a concise overview of the topic. Additionally, the coverage can be divided into four broad areas:A survey of the basics of integrated optics, exploring theory, practical concerns, and the fundamentals behind optical devicesFocused discussion on devices and components such as arrayed waveguide grating, various types of lasers, optical amplifiers, and optoelectronic devicesIn-depth examination of subsystems including MEMS, optical pickup, and planar lightwave circuitsFinally, systems considerations such as multiplexing, demultiplexing, 3R circuits, transmission, and receptionOffering a broad and complete treatment of the field, the Encyclopedic Handbook of Integrated Optics is the complete guide to the fundamentals, principles, and applications of integrated optics technology.Electronics for Physicists: An Introduction (Undergraduate Lecture Notes in Physics)
Par Bryan H. Suits. 2023
This book provides undergraduate physics majors and students of related sciences with a sound understanding of basic electronics and how…
it is used in the physical sciences. While today few science students go on to careers that demand an ability to design and build electronic circuits, many will use and rely on electronics. As scientists, they will require an appropriate level of fundamental knowledge that enables them, for example, to understand what electronic equipment is doing, to correctly interpret the measurements obtained, and to appreciate the numerous links between electronics and how it is practiced and other areas of science. Discussing electronics in the broader context and from the point of view of the scientist, this book is intended for students who are not planning to become electronics specialists but who will use electronics. It has been written in a relatively informal style and includes many detailed examples, as well as some “outside the box” material, including some ideas from quantum computing, to inspire thought and creativity. A selection of relevant exercises is included at the end of each chapter.In the updated second edition, some sections are clarified and end-of-chapter problems are added. It includes an additional chapter on quantum logic/computingAlbert Einstein: Albert Einstein (I Am #2)
Par Grace Norwich. 2012
Meet the scientist who changed the way we think about the universe!I am one of the most gifted minds that…
ever lived. I am a Nobel Prize–winning physicist. I was expelled from school as a young child. I am Albert Einstein.Learn all about this brilliant man whose scientific accomplishments are truly remarkable in this biography featuring:illustrations throughouta timelinean introduction to the other people you’ll meet in the bookmapssidebarsa top ten list of important things to know, and moreRecent Advances in Metrology: Select Proceedings of AdMet 2022 (Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering)
Par Harish Kumar, Sanjay Yadav, Naveen Garg, Shankar G. Aggarwal, Shiv Kumar Jaiswal, Venu Gopal Achanta. 2024
This book presents the select proceedings of the 11th National Conference on Advances in Metrology (AdMet 2022). The book highlights…
and discusses the recent technological developments in the areas of fundamental and quantum metrology, physico-mechanical and electrical metrology, time and frequency metrology, materials metrology, industrial and legal metrology, digital transformation in metrology, among others. This book is aimed for those engaged in conformity assessment, quality system management, calibration, and testing in all sectors of industry. The book is a valuable reference for metrologists, scientists, engineers, academicians, and students from research institutes and industrial establishments to explore the future directions and research in the areas of sensors, advance materials, measurements, and quality improvement.The Blue Machine: How the Ocean Works
Par Helen Czerski. 2003
A scientist’s exploration of the "ocean engine"—the physics behind the ocean’s systems—and why it matters. All of Earth’s oceans, from…
the equator to the poles, are a single engine powered by sunlight, driving huge flows of energy, water, life, and raw materials. In The Blue Machine, physicist and oceanographer Helen Czerski illustrates the mechanisms behind this defining feature of our planet, voyaging from the depths of the ocean floor to tropical coral reefs, estuaries that feed into shallow coastal seas, and Arctic ice floes. Through stories of history, culture, and animals, she explains how water temperature, salinity, gravity, and the movement of Earth’s tectonic plates all interact in a complex dance, supporting life at the smallest scale—plankton—and the largest—giant sea turtles, whales, humankind. From the ancient Polynesians who navigated the Pacific by reading the waves, to permanent residents of the deep such as the Greenland shark that can live for hundreds of years, she introduces the messengers, passengers, and voyagers that rely on interlinked systems of vast currents, invisible ocean walls, and underwater waterfalls. Most important, however, Czerski reveals that while the ocean engine has sustained us for thousands of years, today it is faced with urgent threats. By understanding how the ocean works, and its essential role in our global system, we can learn how to protect our blue machine. Timely, elegant, and passionately argued, The Blue Machine presents a fresh perspective on what it means to be a citizen of an ocean planet.Practical Radiotherapy Planning: Fifth Edition
Par Stephen Morris, Tom Roques, Shahreen Ahmad, Suat Loo. 2023
Good and effective treatment in radiotherapy requires careful consideration of the complex variables involved as well as critical assessment of…
the techniques. This new edition of an established classic takes into account advances in imaging and treatment delivery and reflects the current state of the art in the practice of radiotherapy, emphasizing the underlying principles of treatment that can be applied for conventional, conformal, and novel treatments.The Last Voice: Roy J. Glauber and the Dawn of the Atomic Age
Par José Ignacio Latorre, María Teresa Soto-Sanfiel. 2023
Most human beings don’t manage to achieve fame. Roy J. Glauber did so for two different reasons. Glauber was not…
only a Nobel-Prize winning physicist, but also one of the last surviving scientists who worked in Los Alamos in the Theoretical Division of the Manhattan Project. He was a witness to all the events and knew all the scientists associated with the creation and launch of the first atomic bombs. This book is the product of a series of long interviews held with Roy over three years: in Benasque (Spain) in 2011, and later in Singapore and Cambridge (USA). Its pages give a first-hand account of a true protagonist, one who is independent, lucid, sagacious and committed to the truth. The authors have respectfully preserved his spirit: his voice is the one that matters. The authors asked the questions and they relay his answers. Their comments are confined to the footnotes and to brief explanatory paragraphs, added simply to provide certain relevant details. The importance of the events that Glauber describes here is indisputable, as therefore is the book itself. The events narrated in its pages will remain part of world history, perhaps for centuries or even millennia. We live today in the shadow of the decisions made at that time.A Student's Guide to Natural Science (ISI Guides to the Major Disciplines #8)
Par Stephen M. Barr. 2006
A concise introduction to scientific history and ideas, with a special emphasis on physics and astronomy. Physicist Stephen M. Barr&’s…
lucid Student&’s Guide to Natural Science aims to give students an understanding, in broad outline, of the nature, history, and great ideas of natural science from ancient times to the present, with a primary focus on physics. Barr begins with the contributions of the ancient Greeks, in particular the two great ideas that reality can be understood by the systematic use of reason and that phenomena have natural explanations. He goes on to discuss, among other things, the medieval roots of the scientific revolution of the seventeenth century, the role played by religion in fostering the idea of a lawful natural order, and the major breakthroughs of modern physics, including how many newer &“revolutionary&” theories are in fact related to much older ones. Throughout this thoughtful guide, Barr draws his readers&’ attention to the larger themes and trends of scientific history, including the increasing unification and &“mathematization&” of our view of the physical world that has resulted in the laws of nature appearing more and more as forming a single harmonious mathematical edifice.Gillespie Algorithms for Stochastic Multiagent Dynamics in Populations and Networks (Elements in Structure and Dynamics of Complex Networks)
Par Naoki Masuda, Christian L. Vestergaard. 2022
Many multiagent dynamics can be modeled as a stochastic process in which the agents in the system change their state…
over time in interaction with each other. The Gillespie algorithms are popular algorithms that exactly simulate such stochastic multiagent dynamics when each state change is driven by a discrete event, the dynamics is defined in continuous time, and the stochastic law of event occurrence is governed by independent Poisson processes. The first main part of this volume provides a tutorial on the Gillespie algorithms focusing on simulation of social multiagent dynamics occurring in populations and networks. The authors clarify why one should use the continuous-time models and the Gillespie algorithms in many cases, instead of easier-to-understand discrete-time models. The remainder of the Element reviews recent extensions of the Gillespie algorithms aiming to add more reality to the model (i.e., non-Poissonian cases) or to speed up the simulations. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.Einführung in die Theoretische Physik: Klassische Mechanik mit mathematischen Methoden
Par Robin Santra. 2023
Dieses Lehrbuch bietet Studierenden der ersten Semester eine Einführung in die Theoretische Physik sowie die dazu erforderlichen mathematischen Werkzeuge. Parallel…
zu den Inhalten der Klassischen Mechanik lernen Sie die nötige Mathematik gleich mit – und auch die Denkweise in der Theoretischen Physik kennen. Unter sorgfältiger Berücksichtigung des Wissensstands von Studienanfängern wird eine ausführliche, schrittweise Darstellung von allen Herleitungen und Beispielen geboten. Dabei werden Ihnen nicht nur die analytischen Lösungsverfahren gezeigt, sondern Sie erhalten auch einen Einblick in die große Bedeutung von computergestützten, numerischen Verfahren. Das Buch beginnt mit den Leitbegriffen des Zustands und der Bewegungsgleichung, worauf aufbauend die Struktur der Newton‘schen Mechanik in leicht nachvollziehbarer Art und Weise vermittelt wird. Als dazugehörige mathematische Themen werden komplexe Zahlen, Vektoren und Matrizen, Taylor-Reihen, gewöhnliche Differenzialgleichungen, Fourier-Reihen, partielle Ableitungen und Elemente der Vektoranalysis behandelt. Ebenso finden Sie in diesem Buch eine Untersuchung elementarer Erhaltungssätze als auch deren Anwendung auf physikalische Fragestellungen wie z.B. die Begründung der Kepler‘schen Gesetze.Equivalence: Elizabeth L. Scott at Berkeley
Par Amanda L. Golbeck. 2017
Equivalence: Elizabeth L. Scott at Berkeley is the compelling story of one pioneering statistician’s relentless twenty-year effort to promote the…
status of women in academe and science. Part biography and part microhistory, the book provides the context and background to understand Scott’s masterfulness at using statistics to help solve societal problems. In addition to being one of the first researchers to work at the interface of astronomy and statistics and an early practitioner of statistics using high-speed computers, Scott worked on an impressively broad range of questions in science, from whether cloud seeding actually works to whether ozone depletion causes skin cancer. Later in her career, Scott became swept up in the academic women’s movement. She used her well-developed scientific research skills together with the advocacy skills she had honed, in such activities as raising funds for Martin Luther King Jr. and keeping Free Speech Movement students out of jail, toward policy making that would improve the condition of the academic workforce for women. The book invites the reader into Scott’s universe, a window of inspiration made possible by the fact that she saved and dated every piece of paper that came across her desk.Charged Particle Optics Theory: An Introduction (Optical Sciences and Applications of Light #1)
Par Timothy R. Groves. 2015
Charged Particle Optics Theory: An Introduction identifies the most important concepts of charged particle optics theory, and derives each mathematically…
from the first principles of physics. Assuming an advanced undergraduate-level understanding of calculus, this book follows a logical progression, with each concept building upon the preceding one. Beginning with a non-mathematical survey of the optical nature of a charged particle beam, the text:Discusses both geometrical and wave optics, as well as the correspondence between themDescribes the two-body scattering problem, which is essential to the interaction of a fast charged particle with matterIntroduces electron emission as a practical consequence of quantum mechanicsAddresses the Fourier transform and the linear second-order differential equationIncludes problems to amplify and fill in the theoretical details, with solutions presented separatelyCharged Particle Optics Theory: An Introduction makes an ideal textbook as well as a convenient reference on the theoretical origins of the optics of charged particle beams. It is intended to prepare the reader to understand the large body of published research in this mature field, with the end result translated immediately to practical application.Essential Dynamics and Relativity
Par Peter J. O'Donnell. 2015
Essential Dynamics & Relativity provides students with an introduction to the core aspects of dynamics and special relativity. The author…
reiterates important ideas and terms throughout and covers concepts that are often missing from other textbooks at this level. He also places each topic within the wider constructs of the theory, without jumpSedimentation Velocity Analytical Ultracentrifugation: Interacting Systems
Par Peter Schuck, Huaying Zhao. 2018
Analytical ultracentrifugation is one of the most powerful solution techniques for the study of macromolecular interactions, to define the number…
and stoichiometry of complexes formed, and to measure affinities ranging from very strong to very weak and repulsive. Building on the data analysis tools described in the volume Sedimentation Velocity Analytical Ultracentrifugation: Discrete Species and Size-Distributions of Macromolecules and Particles, and the experimental and instrumental aspects in the first volume Basic Principles of Analytical Ultracentrifugation, the present volume Sedimentation Velocity Analytical Ultracentrifugation: Interacting Systems is devoted to the theory and practical data analysis of dynamically coupled sedimentation processes. This volume is designed to fill a gap in biophysical methodology to provide a framework that builds on the fundamentals of the highly developed traditional methods of analytical ultracentrifugation, updated with current methodology and from a viewpoint of modern applications. It will be an invaluable resource for researchers and graduate students interested in the application of analytical ultracentrifugation in the study of interacting systems, such as biological macromolecules, multi-protein complexes, polymers, or nanoparticles.Introduction to the Maths and Physics of Quantum Mechanics
Par Lucio Piccirillo. 2024
Introduction to the Maths and Physics of Quantum Mechanics details the mathematics and physics that are needed to learn the principles…
of quantum mechanics. It provides an accessible treatment of how to use quantum mechanics and why it is so successful in explaining natural phenomena. This book clarifies various aspects of quantum physics such as ‘why quantum mechanics equations contain “I”, the imaginary number?’, ‘Is it possible to make a transition from classical mechanics to quantum physics without using postulates?’ and ‘What is the origin of the uncertainty principle?’. A significant proportion of discussion is dedicated to the issue of why the wave function must be complex to properly describe our “real” world. The book also addresses the different formulations of quantum mechanics. A relatively simple introductory treatment is given for the “standard” Heisenberg matrix formulation and Schrodinger wave-function formulation and Feynman path integrals and second quantization are then discussed. This book will appeal to first- and second-year university students in physics, mathematics, engineering and other sciences studying quantum mechanics who will find material and clarifications not easily found in other textbooks. It will also appeal to self-taught readers with a genuine interest in modern physics who are willing to examine the mathematics and physics in a simple but rigorous way. Key Features: • Written in an engaging and approachable manner, with fully explained mathematics and physics concepts."God does not play dice with the universe. ” So said Albert Einstein in response to the first discoveries that…
launched quantum physics, as they suggested a random universe that seemed to violate the laws of common sense. This 20th-century scientific revolution completely shattered Newtonian laws, inciting a crisis of thought that challenged scientists to think differently about matter and subatomic particles. The Dreams That Stuff Is Made Of compiles the essential works from the scientists who sparked the paradigm shift that changed the face of physics forever, pushing our understanding of the universe on to an entirely new level of comprehension. Gathered in this anthology is the scholarship that shocked and befuddled the scientific world, including works by Niels Bohr, Max Planck, Werner Heisenberg, Max Born, Erwin Schrodinger, J. Robert Oppenheimer, Richard Feynman, as well as an introduction by today’s most celebrated scientist, Stephen Hawking.