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Nanoscale Quantum Materials: Musings on the Ultra-Small World
Par Tapash Chakraborty. 2022
In the past four decades, there has been growing interest in the exciting new topic of physics in low dimensions.…
Thousands of original ideas have been proposed in the literature, and some are confirmed experimentally, along with several Nobel prizes which have been awarded in this field. While there are several books available, almost all are technical and accessible only to expert researchers. This book provides an accessible introduction to the field, with less emphasis on technical details. Whilst this book does not provide a traditional history of nano-science, instead it uses simple explanations and case studies as vehicles to explain key discoveries and the importance of them, enabling readers without a background in the area to gain an understanding of some aspects of nanoscale physics. It will be of interest to researchers working in condensed matter physics, in addition to engineers and advanced students in those disciplines. It also remains accessible to ‘physics enthusiasts’ from other academic disciplines, as technical details are contained within boxes and footnotes which can be skipped for a general reading of the book. Features:- Provides an accessible introduction to a technical subject- Contains exciting developments from the cutting-edge science being conducted in the area - Authored by a recognised expert in the fieldMultilayer Magnetic Nanostructures: Properties and Applications (Springer Aerospace Technology)
Par Alexander S. Sigov. 2023
This book presents relevant issues for the development of computer technology in general and civil aviation in particular, related to…
the promising task of developing magnetoresistive memory. In modern conditions of constantly increasing air traffic intensity, it is necessary to use both on board the aircraft and in ground services computing devices that guarantee the required level of flight safety. The book shows that in the multilayer ferromagnet-antiferromagnet system, the behavior of magnetic parameters in layers of nanometer thickness is largely determined by frustrations. The monograph provides not only a complete analysis of the current state of magnetic nanostructures but also predicts new types generated by exchange interaction frustrations. The phase diagrams "layer thickness (layers)—roughness" of a thin ferromagnetic film on an antiferromagnetic substrate and a spin-valve system ferromagnet-antiferromagnet-ferromagnet are constructed taking into account the energy of single-ion anisotropy. The book presents experimental results that confirm the existence of a new type of domain walls. It is shown that the detected domain walls appear exactly at the locations of the atomic steps, and their thickness increases in proportion to the film thickness with a proportionality coefficient of the order of one. Special attention using mathematical models is placed for optimal orientation of spins at a smooth interface in the case of a compensated cross section of an antiferromagnet and an uncompensated cross section. The constructed phase diagrams and models are compared with the experiments. It is thus concluded that scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) makes it possible to study domain walls generated by frustration on the surface of the structure.ELECTRIMACS 2022: Selected Papers – Volume 1 (Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering #993)
Par Serge Pierfederici, Jean-Philippe Martin. 2023
This book collects a selection of papers presented at ELECTRIMACS 2021, the 14th international conference of the IMACS TC1 Committee,…
held in Nancy, France, on 16th-19th May 2022. The conference papers deal with modelling, simulation, analysis, control, power management, design optimization, identification and diagnostics in electrical power engineering. The main application fields include electric machines and electromagnetic devices, power electronics, transportation systems, smart grids, renewable energy systems, energy storage like batteries and supercapacitors, fuel cells, and wireless power transfer. The contributions included in Volume 1 will be particularly focused on electrical engineering simulation aspects and innovative applications.Gold Medal Physics: The Science of Sports
Par John Eric Goff. 2010
A physicist explains the science behind some of the greatest feats in sports history—from diving like Greg Louganis to bending…
it like Beckham.Nothing is quite as thrilling as watching superior athletes do the seemingly impossible. From Doug Flutie's "Hail Mary" pass to Lance Armstrong's record-breaking climb of Alp d'Huez to David Beckham's astounding ability to bend a soccer kick, we marvel and wonder, "How did they do that?" Well, physics professor John Eric Goff has the answers.In this scientific tour of the wide world of sports, John Eric Goff discusses the science behind American football, soccer, cycling, skating, diving, long jumping, and a host of other competitive sports. Using elite athletes as starting points, Goff explains the basic physical properties involved in amazing and everyday athletic endeavors. Accompanied by illustrations and mathematical equations, each chapter builds on knowledge imparted in earlier chapters to provide a firm understanding of the concepts involved.Fun, witty, and imbued throughout with admiration for the simple beauty of physics, Gold Medal Physics is sure to inspire readers to think differently about the next sporting event they watch.Serving the Reich: The Struggle for the Soul of Physics under Hitler
Par Philip Ball. 2014
After World War II, most scientists in Germany maintained that they had been apolitical or actively resisted the Nazi regime,…
but the true story is much more complicated. In Serving the Reich, Philip Ball takes a fresh look at that controversial history, contrasting the career of Peter Debye, director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics in Berlin, with those of two other leading physicists in Germany during the Third Reich: Max Planck, the elder statesman of physics after whom Germany’s premier scientific society is now named, and Werner Heisenberg, who succeeded Debye as director of the institute when it became focused on the development of nuclear power and weapons. Mixing history, science, and biography, Ball’s gripping exploration of the lives of scientists under Nazism offers a powerful portrait of moral choice and personal responsibility, as scientists navigated "the grey zone between complicity and resistance. ” Ball’s account of the different choices these three men and their colleagues made shows how there can be no clear-cut answers or judgement of their conduct. Yet, despite these ambiguities, Ball makes it undeniable that the German scientific establishment as a whole mounted no serious resistance to the Nazis, and in many ways acted as a willing instrument of the state. Serving the Reich considers what this problematic history can tell us about the relationship of science and politics today. Ultimately, Ball argues, a determination to present science as an abstract inquiry into nature that is "above politics” can leave science and scientists dangerously compromised and vulnerable to political manipulation.The ABC of Relativity (Routledge Classics Ser.)
Par Bertrand Russell. 1997
The Nobel Prize winner offers &“an ideal introduction to the theories of special and general relativity&” in clear, comprehensible language(Nature).…
A renowned mathematician and philosopher, and as well as recipient of the Nobel Prize in Literature, Bertrand Russell was acclaimed for his ability to address complex subjects in accessible ways. In this classic reference book, Russell delves into physics and relativity, helping everyday readers grasp the genius and implications of Albert Einstein&’s theory. When originally published in 1925, The ABC of Relativity brought science to a more general audience—and it continues to do so in the twenty-first century. &“A mind of dazzling brilliance.&” —The New York TimesAn “extraordinary guide to the hidden secrets of modern man-made miracles . . . Highly recommended” —from the author of Froth!: The…
Science of Beer (Midwest Book Review).Ever wonder how a graceful and slender bridge can support enormous loads over truly astonishing spans? Why domes and free-standing arches survive earthquakes that flatten the rest of a city?Physicist Mark Denny looks at the large structures around us—tall buildings, long bridges, and big dams—and explains how they were designed and built and why they sometimes collapse, topple, or burst.Denny uses clear, accessible language to explain the physics behind such iconic structures as the Parthenon, the Eiffel Tower, the Forth Rail Bridge in Edinburgh, and Hoover Dam. His friendly approach allows readers to appreciate the core principles that keep these engineering marvels upright without having to master complex mathematical equations.Employing history, humor, and simple physics to consider such topics as when to use screws or nails, what trusses are, why iron beams are often I-shaped, and why medieval cathedrals have buttresses, Denny succeeds once again in making physics fun.Praise for Mark Denny“Denny’s wry humor is fun to read and made me laugh out loud.” —Mark Kidger, author of Astronomical Enigmas“Denny largely sheds the complexity of mathematical constructs, distilling their most salient features into a more qualitative understanding of radar and sonar systems.” —Choice“Indeed, Denny’s writing is anything but dry and boring. He adeptly explains complex subject matter and does so with relatively simple language and minimal use of symbolic notation.” —Bat Research NewsEinstein's Greatest Mistake: A Biography
Par David Bodanis. 2016
From the best-selling author of E=mc2, a brisk, accessible biography of Albert Einstein that reveals the genius and hubris of…
the titan of modern physicsWidely considered the greatest genius of all time, Albert Einstein revolutionized our understanding of the cosmos with his general theory of relativity and helped lead us into the atomic age. Yet in the final decades of his life, he was ignored by most working scientists, and his ideas were opposed by even his closest friends. How did this happen? Einstein's imagination and self-confidence served him well when he was young. But when it came to the new field of quantum mechanics, the same traits undermined him. Bestselling biographer David Bodanis traces Einstein from the skeptical, erratic student to the world's most brilliant physicist--and then to the desolate, fallen-from-grace celebrity. An intimate biography touching on the romances and rivalries of the celebrated physicist, as much as on his scientific goals, Einstein's Greatest Mistake reveals what we owe Einstein today--and how much more he might have achieved if not for his all-too-human flaws.The Concept of Matter: A Journey from Antiquity to Quantum Physics (History of Physics)
Par Florestano Evangelisti. 2023
Our current concept of matter, one of scientific research’s greatest successes, represents a long journey, from questions posed during the…
birth of philosophy in Ancient Greece to recent advances in physics and chemistry, including Quantum Physics. This book outlines that journey. The book has three parts, each detailing a phase of the journey. The first saw the development of a conception based on "classical" physics; the second saw the construction of the "old" quantum theory attempting to explain the mysterious properties of matter, resulting in formulation of the "new" quantum theory; the third saw the formation of the modern conception of matter, based on quantum mechanics. Along the way, various topics are discussed, including: rediscovery and appropriation of antiquity by Western culture in the modern era; the subsequent revision process in the 16th and 17th centuries and the new experiments and theories of the 18th; attempts to understand the mysterious properties of matter that could not be explained by classical physics; the first quantization hypotheses; discovery of new purely "quantum-mechanical" properties of matter; and the ultimate clarification of atomic structure. This book is aimed at anyone who wants a clear picture of how we arrived at the modern conception of matter.This book offers step-by-step descriptions of various random systems and explores the world of computer simulations. In addition, this book…
offers a working introduction to those who want to learn how to create and run Monte Carlo simulations. Monte Carlo simulation has been a powerful computational tool for physics models, and when combined with the programming language Excel, this book is a valuable resource for readers who wish to acquire knowledge that can be applied to more complex systems. Visualization of the simulation results via the Visual Basic built in Microsoft EXCEL is presented as the first step towards the subject. Prior experience with the Excel add-in VBA is kept to a minimum. In addition, a chapter on quantum optimization simulation utilizing Python is added to explore the quantum computation. Readers will gain a fundamental knowledge and techniques of simulation physics, which can be extended to STEM projects and other research projects.La naturaleza del espacio y del tiempo
Par Stephen Hawking, Roger Penrose. 2011
Un interesante y fascinante debate entre dos gigantes de la ciencia, Stephen Hawking y Roger Penrose, sobre el origen y…
el futuro del universo. Einstein afirmaba que lo más incomprensible acerca del universo es que es comprensible. ¿Estaba en lo cierto? ¿Pueden la teoría cuántica de campos y la teoría de la relatividad general de Einstein, las dos teorías, más precisas y exitosas de toda la física, unirse en una única teoría cuántica de la gravedad? Aunque se ha avanzado mucho en esta búsqueda, Hawking y Penrose insisten en que es necesario llegar mucho más lejos. En La naturaleza del espacio y el tiempo, estos dos gigantes de la física entablan un debate fundamental sobre el origen del universo. Un libro escrito a cuatro manos, con un epílogo actualizado, en el que los autores resumen cómo los recientes acontecimientos han provocado que sus posturas difieran en cuestiones tan importantes como la geometría espacial del universo o la paradoja de la desaparición de información en los agujeros negros. La prensa especializada opina...«Una obra reveladora sobre dos aproximaciones distintas a algunos de los mayores problemas sin resolver de la gravitación y la cosmología.»New Scientist «Un debate entre Hawking y Penrose alimenta las expectativas del lector por asistir a un intercambio extraordinario de ideas. En este texto, animado con el sentido del humor de Hawking, las expectativas se cumplen con creces.»The Higher Education «Un magnífico y estimulante intercambio intelectual entre dos mentes de primera categoría.»Library Journal «Una lectura interesantísima para el presente que promete ser aún más interesante para las futuras generaciones de físicos.»Science «Un documento de gran rigor científico.»Physics WorldDe Arquímedes a Einstein
Par Manuel Lozano Leyva. 2005
Los diez experimentos más bellos de la física. Tras la lectura de este ameno libro, la física dejará de ser…
una materia árida para convertirse en una aventura de la inteligencia. ¿Es bella la física? ¿Existe un hilo conductor que recorre la historia de los experimentos desde Arquímedes hasta Einstein? ¿Podemos encontrar elegancia y creatividad -junto con el sorprendente talento de los científicos- en las observaciones y tentativas físicas que han cambiado la concepción del mundo que vivimos? En el año 2002, se realizó una encuesta entre más de doscientos reputados especialistas mundiales acerca de los experimentos que, con menos medios materiales, han conseguido unir belleza e inteligencia. El resultado de aquel trabajo es este libro del profesor Lozano Leyva, uno de los físicos españoles más brillantes, que recoge, analiza e interpreta cronológicamentelas diez experiencias mejor valoradas y más votadas por la comunidad científica internacional. Pensado para el gran público y gracias a la capacidad de divulgación y síntesis del profesor Lozano Leyva, cualquier lector podrá disfrutar con la desbordante imaginación de los principales científicos (Arquímedes, Eratóstenes, Galileo, Newton, Cavendish, Young, Foucault, Rutherford, Bohr, Schrödinger, Heisenberg o Einstein), con sus experimentos (algunos de los cuales pueden reproducirse en cualquier hogar), al tiempo que recorre la historia de la disciplina y sus progresos. Reseña:«Un derroche de amenidad y capacidad divulgativa.»Emilio LaheraA clear and captivating work of popular science that explains rotational force—a basic driver of the universe affecting everything from…
the cosmos to our own bodies—from the masterful author of The Age of Wood.From the time women first used rotating bobbins to twist thread and men whirled slings around their heads to throw stones, people have found spin fascinating and baffling in equal measure. Now, in The Science of Spin, Roland Ennos shows how rotational motion dominates the workings of the world around us. It has shaped the solar system, galaxies, and black holes. It controls our climate and weather—from the pattern of trade winds through to the local formation of hurricanes and tornadoes. Harnessing the power of spin helped launch civilization, from the first developments of the wheel to the systems that now power the industrial world—propellers, turbines, centrifugal pumps, and electric motors. Even our own bodies are complex systems of rotating joints and levers. But scientists have a tendency to ignore the simple and straightforward. So, 17th-century scientists developed the science of mechanics to explain the phenomenon of the orbit of the planets rather than how machines work. And Newton&’s laws have actually limited our understanding of spin because they focus on linear motion rather than on an intuitive grasp of rotation. As a result, few people realize how spin makes our planet habitable, or how it has been tamed by engineers to make our lives more comfortable. In a lively and engaging style, Ennos presents a new approach to mechanics that not only helps us better understand the world, but also reveals unlikely links between tightrope walkers and tyrannosaurs, catapults and tennis players, stunt cars and long jumpers. By opening our minds, he shows how we can all learn to move about more gracefully, play sports more successfully and safely—and ensure that, like cats, we always land on our feet. A highly entertaining and informative read, whether it be natural or engineered, spin is what really makes the world go round.Grundlagen der Physik: kurz und knapp
Par Klaus Lüders. 2023
Physikalische Grundlagen stehen am Anfang der meisten Ingenieur- und Naturwissenschaften bis hin zur Medizin. Dieses Lehrbuch enthält die wichtigsten Grundlagen…
der Mechanik, Elektrizität, Optik und Wärme sowie exemplarisch einige Fakten der Atom- und Kernphysik. Kurz und knapp werden die physikalischen Begriffe und Gesetze dargestellt und erläutert. Auf die in der Physik üblichen exakten mathematischen Formulierungen wird dabei nicht verzichtet. Mathematische Einschübe geben, wenn nötig, Hilfestellung. Typische Merkmale der Physik werden vermittelt, wie z.B. Vorgehensweisen bei Ableitungen von Gesetzen, Querverbindungen oder die Beschreibung von Materialeigenschaften. Viele übersichtliche Abbildungen und einfache Beispiele sind zum leichteren Verständnis eingefügt, ebenso wie über 50 Aufgaben mit Lösungen zur Vertiefung und Nacharbeitung des Stoffes. Die vorliegende 4. Auflage wurde gründlich überarbeitet und neu geschrieben. Sie wendet sich an Studierende mit Physik als Nebenfach ebenso wie an alle, die bei ihrer Arbeit mit Physik konfrontiert sind.Isaac Newton School Driving: Physics & Your Car
Par Barry Parker. 2003
&“Wonderful . . . a great resource for automobile fans who want to understand science, and vice versa.&” —Alan C. Tribble, author…
of A Tribble&’s Guide to Space For some, driving is an art; for others, it&’s a science. At the Isaac Newton School of Driving, though, every car is a laboratory on wheels and every drive an exciting journey into the world of physics. In this book, physics professor Barry Parker—whose father was a car mechanic and garage owner—shows how almost every aspect of driving involves physics. A car's performance and handling relies on concepts such as force, momentum, and energy. Its ignition system depends on the principles of electricity and magnetism. Braking relies on friction—and if the brakes fail, the resulting damage, too, can be predicted using physics. Parker&’s first lesson describes the basics: speed and acceleration; why you get thrown forward while braking or outward while turning; and why car advertisements boast about horsepower and torque. He also discusses: the thermodynamics of engines, and how they can be more fuel efficientwhat friction and traction are and how they keep a car&’s tires on the road, whether it's dry, wet, or icyhow simple laws of physics enable scientists to design aerodynamic cars and high-tech steering systemsthe high-performance physics of auto racinghow traffic accidents are reconstructed by policehow chaos theory helps explain why traffic jams happenwhat cars of the future might look like, and more &“You don't need to be an engineer to read and enjoy Parker&’s often entertaining book…covers everything from the basics of engines and electronics to crashes and congestion.&” —AutoweekMetamaterial for Microwave Applications
Par Mohammad Tariqul Islam. 2024
Metamaterials are geometrically patterned new materials that are arranged in periodic way on top of dielectric substrates to exhibit properties…
unobtainable naturally. This book discusses artificially engineered structures for the development of metamaterials and meta surfaces in the advancement of microwave sensors in sensing technology, non-invasive microwave-based imaging system, antenna performance improvement with miniaturization, flexible materials for microwave applications and finally metamaterials in antennas for its use in nanosatellites.The book serves as a reference for designing industrial applications of metamaterials in 5G wireless communication system and healthcare technology using metamaterials and meta surfaces. This well illustrated book will be a useful resource for students, engineers, physicists, and other researchers for various microwave applications. It provides newcomers with fundamental knowledge of metamaterials and their prospective applications. The researchers will benefit from thought-provoking perspectives that will enhance their knowledge and steer them to modern day innovation.This volume presents lectures given at the Wisła 20-21 Winter School and Workshop: Groups, Invariants, Integrals, and Mathematical Physics, organized…
by the Baltic Institute of Mathematics. The lectures were dedicated to differential invariants – with a focus on Lie groups, pseudogroups, and their orbit spaces – and Poisson structures in algebra and geometry and are included here as lecture notes comprising the first two chapters. Following this, chapters combine theoretical and applied perspectives to explore topics at the intersection of differential geometry, differential equations, and category theory. Specific topics covered include:The multisymplectic and variational nature of Monge-Ampère equations in dimension fourIntegrability of fifth-order equations admitting a Lie symmetry algebraApplications of the van Kampen theorem for groupoids to computation of homotopy types of striped surfacesA geometric framework to compare classical systems of PDEs in the category of smooth manifoldsGroups, Invariants, Integrals, and Mathematical Physics is ideal for graduate students and researchers working in these areas. A basic understanding of differential geometry and category theory is assumed.Doing Physics, Second Edition: How Physicists Take Hold Of The World
Par Martin H. Krieger. 2012
Doing Physics makes concepts of physics easier to grasp by relating them to everyday knowledge. Addressing some of the models…
and metaphors that physicists use to explain the physical world, Martin H. Krieger describes the conceptual world of physics by means of analogies to economics, anthropology, theater, carpentry, mechanisms such as clockworks, and machine tool design. The interaction of elementary particles or chemical species, for example, can be related to the theory of kinship--who can marry whom is like what can interact with what. Likewise, the description of physical situations in terms of interdependent particles and fields is analogous to the design of a factory with its division of labor among specialists. For the new edition, Krieger has revised the text and added a chapter on the role of mathematics and formal models in physics. Doing Physics will be of special interest to economists, political theorists, anthropologists, and sociologists as well as philosophers of science.Gravity’s Ghost and Big Dog brings to life science’s efforts to detect cosmic gravitational waves. These ripples in space-time are…
predicted by general relativity, and their discovery will not only demonstrate the truth of Einstein’s theories but also transform astronomy. Although no gravitational wave has ever been directly detected, the previous five years have been an especially exciting period in the field. Here sociologist Harry Collins offers readers an unprecedented view of gravitational wave research and explains what it means for an analyst to do work of this kind. Collins was embedded with the gravitational wave physicists as they confronted two possible discoveries—“Big Dog,” fully analyzed in this volume for the first time, and the “Equinox Event,” which was first chronicled by Collins in Gravity’s Ghost. Collins records the agonizing arguments that arose as the scientists worked out what they had seen and how to present it to the world, along the way demonstrating how even the most statistical of sciences rest on social and philosophical choices. Gravity’s Ghost and Big Dog draws on nearly fifty years of fieldwork observing scientists at the American Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory and elsewhere around the world to offer an inspired commentary on the place of science in society today.Harnessing Synthetic Nanotechnology-Based Methodologies for Sustainable Green Applications
Par Gérrard Eddy Jai Poinern, Suraj Kumar Tripathy and Derek Fawcett. 2023
Nanotechnology is at the forefront of many of the latest developments across science and technology, but to generate and deploy…
these applications, macroscopic levels of nanoscale materials have to be carefully generated whilst remaining cost effective. These materials need to be reliable, consistent, and safe, and as a general principle, industries should consider green sustainable methods in the synthesis of these material and their applications as well. This book introduces readers to the field of green nanotechnologies and their possible applications to create a safer world. This accessible and practical guide will be a useful resource for material scientists, engineers, chemists, biotechnologists, and scientists working in the space of nanomaterials, in addition to graduate students in physics, chemistry, biomedical sciences and engineering. THIS BOOK Presents an accessible introduction to the topic in addition to more advanced material for specialists in the field. Covers a broad spectrum of topics in this new field. Contains exciting case studies and examples, such as quantum dots, bionanomaterials, and future perspectives. Dr Gérrard E.J. Poinern holds a Ph.D. in Physics from Murdoch University, Western Australia and a Double Major in Physics and Chemistry. Currently he is an Associate Professor in Physics and Nanotechnology in the School of Engineering and Information Technology at Murdoch University. He is the director of Murdoch Applied Innovation and Nanotechnology Research Group, Murdoch University. In 2003, he discovered and pioneered the use of an inorganic nanomembrane for potential skin tissue engineering applications. He is the recipient of a Gates Foundation Global Health Grand Challenge Exploration Award for his work in the development of biosynthetic materials and their subsequent application in the manufacture of biomedical devices. He is also the author of the 2014 CRC Press experimental textbook "A Laboratory Course in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology". Associate Professor Suraj Kumar Tripathy is Associate Dean of the School of Chemical Technology at Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar, India. He currently leads the Chemical & Bioprocess Engineering Lab (CBEL) at KIIT which focuses on achieving sustainability in materials processing and utilization. CBEL explores opportunities in valorization of waste materials (secondary resources) and investigate their applications in catalysis, water treatment, and biomedical systems. CBEL also works closely with industries to develop suitable waste management and resource recycling strategies to optimize the potential of circular economy model. Dr. Derek Fawcett is the Defence Science Centre research fellow at Murdoch University, Australia. His research involves the investigation and development of new advanced materials and their use in innovative engineering systems. He has published over seventy peer-reviewed research papers in international journals and is the co-author of four book chapters on applied nanotechnology.