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Data Science: Time Complexity, Inferential Uncertainty, And Spacekime Analytics (De Gruyter Stem Series)
Par Ivo D. Dinov, Milen Velchev Velev. 2022
The amount of new information is constantly increasing, faster than our ability to fully interpret and utilize it to improve…
human experiences. Addressing this asymmetry requires novel and revolutionary scientific methods and effective human and artificial intelligence interfaces. By lifting the concept of time from a positive real number to a 2D complex time (kime), this book uncovers a connection between artificial intelligence (AI), data science, and quantum mechanics. It proposes a new mathematical foundation for data science based on raising the 4D spacetime to a higher dimension where longitudinal data (e.g., time-series) are represented as manifolds (e.g., kime-surfaces). This new framework enables the development of innovative data science analytical methods for model-based and model-free scientific inference, derived computed phenotyping, and statistical forecasting. The book provides a transdisciplinary bridge and a pragmatic mechanism to translate quantum mechanical principles, such as particles and wavefunctions, into data science concepts, such as datum and inference-functions. It includes many open mathematical problems that still need to be solved, technological challenges that need to be tackled, and computational statistics algorithms that have to be fully developed and validated. Spacekime analytics provide mechanisms to effectively handle, process, and interpret large, heterogeneous, and continuously-tracked digital information from multiple sources. The authors propose computational methods, probability model-based techniques, and analytical strategies to estimate, approximate, or simulate the complex time phases (kime directions). This allows transforming time-varying data, such as time-series observations, into higher-dimensional manifolds representing complex-valued and kime-indexed surfaces (kime-surfaces). The book includes many illustrations of model-based and model-free spacekime analytic techniques applied to economic forecasting, identification of functional brain activation, and high-dimensional cohort phenotyping. Specific case-study examples include unsupervised clustering using the Michigan Consumer Sentiment Index (MCSI), model-based inference using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data, and model-free inference using the UK Biobank data archive. The material includes mathematical, inferential, computational, and philosophical topics such as Heisenberg uncertainty principle and alternative approaches to large sample theory, where a few spacetime observations can be amplified by a series of derived, estimated, or simulated kime-phases. The authors extend Newton-Leibniz calculus of integration and differentiation to the spacekime manifold and discuss possible solutions to some of the "problems of time". The coverage also includes 5D spacekime formulations of classical 4D spacetime mathematical equations describing natural laws of physics, as well as, statistical articulation of spacekime analytics in a Bayesian inference framework. The steady increase of the volume and complexity of observed and recorded digital information drives the urgent need to develop novel data analytical strategies. Spacekime analytics represents one new data-analytic approach, which provides a mechanism to understand compound phenomena that are observed as multiplex longitudinal processes and computationally tracked by proxy measures. This book may be of interest to academic scholars, graduate students, postdoctoral fellows, artificial intelligence and machine learning engineers, biostatisticians, econometricians, and data analysts. Some of the material may also resonate with philosophers, futurists, astrophysicists, space industry technicians, biomedical researchers, health practitioners, and the general public.Models of Time and Space from Astrophysics and World Cultures explores how our conceptions of time, space, and the physical…
universe have evolved across cultures throughout the centuries. Developed with a humanistic approach, this book blends historical sources, biographical profiles of exceptional scientists, and the latest discoveries in both astrophysics and particle physics. This rich read describes the incredible insights and ultimate limits of our knowledge, the physical universe, and how ideas old and new have converged, across the world, to build our current understanding of reality. From the Large Hadron Collider to the James Webb Space Telescope, we have mapped the universe from the smallest to largest scales; allowing us to gain fundamental knowledge that has transformed our understanding of the universe. The chapters herein will teach you about dark matter and dark energy, gravitational waves and other complex parts of the cosmos. Along the way, you will learn a thing or two about quantum mechanics, parallel universes, and the ultimate boundaries of the observable universe. This book cultivates insight from a variety of cultural traditions, including perspectives from both modern and ancient cultures, in order to show how our modern conceptions of space and time have arisen from the ongoing explorations within ancient world civilizations.It is a valuable, intriguing and insightful volume for those interested in the fields of historical astronomy and cultural astronomy, as well as for anyone interested in learning about the latest finds from the field of physics and astrophysics.Physics and Technology for Engineers: Understanding Materials and Sustainability
Par R. Prasad. 2023
This textbook covers the physics of engineering materials and the latest technologies used in modern engineering projects. It has been…
designed for use as a reference book and course material for undergraduate engineering students. The book was born out of the need for a comprehensive, balanced, and up-to-date guide for teaching physics to beginning undergraduate engineering students and creating examination papers for technical boards and institutes. The text is divided into ten chapters, each with its specific objectives and features. The topics covered include the classification of engineering materials, atomic structure, electrical and magnetic behavior of solids, quantum mechanics, laser technology, nanomaterials, and sustainable development.Authored by a physicist with over 40 years of teaching experience, this richly-illustrated textbook features an abundance of self-assessment questions, solved examples, and a variety of chapter-end questions with detailed answers. The textbook starts from the very basics and is developed to the desired level, thus making it ideal as standalone course material.This book offers an overview of the fundamental dynamical processes, which are necessary to understand astrophysical phenomena, from the viewpoint…
of hydrodynamics, magnetohydrodynamics, and radiation hydrodynamics.The book consists of three parts: The first discusses the fundamentals of hydrodynamics necessary to understand the dynamics of astrophysical objects such as stars, interstellar gases and accretion disks. The second part reviews the interactions between gases and magnetic fields on fluid motions – the magnetohydrodynamics – highlighting the important role of magnetic fields in dynamical phenomena under astrophysical environments. The third part focuses on radiation hydrodynamics, introducing the hydrodynamic phenomena characterized by the coupling of radiation and gas motions and further on relativistic radiation hydrodynamics.Intended as a pedagogical introduction for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, it also provides comprehensive coverage of the fundamentals of astrophysical fluid dynamics, making it an effective resource not only for graduate courses, but also for beginners wanting to learn about hydrodynamics, magnetohydrodynamics, and radiation hydrodynamics in astrophysics independently.Constructing the Edifice of Mechanics: From Newton to Modernity (Undergraduate Texts in Physics)
Par M.A. Curt Koenders. 2023
This book deals with theoretical mechanics. Newton published the "Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica" in 1687. In it, he sets out…
the basic principles of physics that are required to understand the motion of the planets, their moons, and the comets in the solar system. It includes the gravitational (inverse square) law, the inertial principle, and the basic elements of mechanics. Since its publication, a large number of refinements and reformulations have been introduced, thereby adding enormous insight into the structure of mechanics, which is commonly known as “classical mechanics”. All these have in common that by taking a suitable limit, Newton's original principles re-appear. Thus, physicists and mathematicians who work on the subject always have a notion that if their theories do not return to Newton's foundations, then there is something wrong. Newton himself acknowledged that 'if I have seen further (than others), it is by standing on the shoulders of giants'. One of these giants was undoubtedly Galileo who died in the year Newton was born. So, Newton himself adhered to the 'classical limit'.8th Workshop on Theory, Phenomenology and Experiments in Flavour Physics: Neutrinos, Flavor Physics and Beyond (FP@Capri2022) (Springer Proceedings in Physics #292)
Par Giulia Ricciardi, Guglielmo De Nardo, Mario Merola. 2023
This book is a collection of invited contributions presented at the 8th edition of the International Workshop on Theory, Phenomenology…
and Experiments in Flavour Physics, held on the Island of Capri, Italy, on 11–13 June 2022. It is a joint workshop between experimentalists and theoreticians aiming at debating recent results and hot topics in flavour physics, in an interdisciplinary effort. Flavour, electroweak physics and neutrino physics are all foremost in the assessment of results within the standard model and search for physics beyond. Anomalies in flavour physics are hints on new physics, while with neutrino masses and oscillations the new physics has already started. Contributions deal mainly with the flavour anomalies, the flavour problem from leptons to quarks and back, including continuous versus discrete symmetries, and the connections between the Higgs sector and neutrinos, embracing see-saw models and Higgs potential analyses. Focus is on neutrinos, at high and low scales, including LHC searches and CLVF, leptogenesis, connections with dark sectors and NP mediators, non-standard neutrino interactions and the problem of the nature of massive neutrinos.A Graduate Course in NMR Spectroscopy
Par Ramakrishna V. Hosur, Veera Mohana Kakita. 2022
This textbook is designed for graduate students to introduce the basic concepts of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (NMR), spectral analysis and…
modern developments such as multidimensional NMR, in reasonable detail and rigor. The book is self-contained, so, a unique textbook in that sense with end of chapter exercises included supported by a solution manual. Some of the advanced topics are included as Appendices for quick reference. Students of chemistry who have some exposure to mathematics and physics will benefit from this book and it will prepare them to pursue research in different branches of Chemistry or Biophysics or Structural Biology.Advanced Materials for Solid State Lighting (Progress in Optical Science and Photonics #25)
Par Vijay Kumar, Vishal Sharma, Hendrik C. Swart. 2023
This book highlights the synthesis, luminescence, and applications of rare earth-doped phosphors materials for solid-state lighting. Solid-state lighting is turning…
into a leading technology in the lighting industry, permitting improvement in the fields from architectural to domestic applications. Driven with the aid of using ongoing multi-field research, solid-state lighting needs an improvement of various technologies: efficient and reliable light-emitting devices, devices for new functionalities, and optical solutions for beam shaping. Noteworthy research endeavors were aimed to find out eco-friendly, better performance, cost, and energy-efficient phosphor materials for the application in solid-state lighting devices. Power phosphor materials with advanced optical and photoluminescence properties in a wide range of areas have shared the research efforts in this sector aimed in the direction of achieving better material features. Rare earth ion-doped phosphor materials have been the subject of scientific interest because of their significant applications in a variety of fields such as display devices, temperature sensors, solar cells, bio-imaging, and optoelectronics devices. This book covers the broad aspects of organic and inorganic materials based on phosphor materials and is beneficial to researchers involved in these areas. This book is specially designed to provide an introductory concept of luminescent materials, particularly man-made (artificial) phosphors in a language comprehensible to beginners and students. The book also includes some new materials with promising technologies and upgraded properties that expose new potential possibilities are also highlighted.Wernher von Braun (Stackpole Classics)
Par Erik Bergaust. 2017
Here is Dr. Wernher von Braun’s incredible story – from his early years in Germany, where he gave birth to…
modern rocketry, to his arrival in the United States and his launching of the first American satellite, the first man on the moon and other stunning space exploration feats. “Every page of Wernher von Braun’s life is a monument to the drama of adventure. Few people have been fighting so hard and, indeed, very few have been subject to so much criticism, so much jealousy, so much defeat—yet, very few have lived to be honored and to harvest the fruits of so many wonderful victories as has this man.” Author Erik Bergaust has had the advantage of knowing von Braun as a friend, hunting and fishing companion, space business associate—and biographer—for more than twenty-five years. Thus, he has been able to present a dramatic portrait of an important personality and a 20th century hero.Polar Dielectrics and Their Applications
Par Jack C. Burfoot, George W. Taylor. 1979
This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out…
and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1979.Fundamentals of RF and Microwave Techniques and Technologies
Par Hans L. Hartnagel, Rüdiger Quay, Ulrich L. Rohde, Matthias Rudolph. 2023
The increase of consumer, medical and sensors electronics using radio frequency (RF) and microwave (MW) circuits has implications on overall…
performances if design is not robust and optimized for a given applications. The current and later generation communication systems and Internet of Thing (IoT) demand for robust electronic circuits with optimized performance and functionality, but low cost, size, and power consumption. As a result, there is a need for a textbook that provides a comprehensive treatment of the subject. This book provides state-of-the-art coverage of RF and Microwave Techniques and Technologies, covers important topics: transmission-line theory, passive and semiconductor devices, active and passive microwave circuits and receiver systems, as well as antennas, noise and digital signal modulation schemes. With an emphasis on theory, design, and applications, this book is targeted to students, teachers, scientists, and practicing design engineers who are interested in broadening their knowledge of RF and microwave electronic circuit design. Readers will also benefit from a unique integration of theory and practice, provides the readers a solid understanding of the RF and microwave concepts, active and passive components, antenna, and modulation schemes. Readers will learn to solve common design problems ranging from selection of components, matching networks to biasing and stability, and digital modulation techniques. More importantly, it provides basic understanding in the analysis and design of RF and microwave circuits in a manner that is practiced in industry. This make sure that the know-how learned in this book can be effortlessly and straightway put into practice without any obstacles.Engineering and Medicine in Extreme Environments
Par Tobias Cibis, Carolyn McGregor Am. 2022
This book brings together in-depth information on a wide array of bio-engineering topics and their application to enhance human health,…
performance, comfort, and survival in extreme environments. Contributions from biomedical engineering, information systems, medicine and physiology, and medical engineering are presented in relation to a broad range of harsh and extreme environmental scenarios, including underwater, terrestrial (both natural and man-made), and space travel. Physicians, engineers, and scientists, as well as researchers and graduate students, will find the book to be an invaluable resource.Details effects of extreme environments on human physiology;Presents human-environment interaction in different scenarios;Overview of engineering challenges and problems in extreme environments.This book undertakes the unusual task of correcting and proposing supplements to the Landau and Lifshitz's highly celebrated textbook titled:…
The Classical Theory of Fields 1, which has been extraordinarily influential. Its first edition was publisThis book was written to help college students understand physics without complicated math. Each year thousands of college students pursuing…
business and humanities degrees find themselves taking a course in introductory physics. But many will have serioQuantum Mechanics for Chemistry
Par Seogjoo J. Jang. 2023
This textbook forms the basis for an advanced undergraduate or graduate level quantum chemistry course, and can also serve as…
a reference for researchers in physical chemistry and chemical physics. In addition to the standard core topics such as principles of quantum mechanics, vibrational and rotational states, hydrogen-like molecules, perturbation theory, variational principles, and molecular orbital theories, this book also covers essential theories of electronic structure calculation, the primary methods for calculating quantum dynamics, and major spectroscopic techniques for quantum measurement. Plus, topics that are overlooked in conventional textbooks such as path integral formulation, open system quantum dynamics methods, and Green’s function approaches are addressed. This book helps readers grasp the essential quantum mechanical principles and results that serve as the foundation of modern chemistry and become knowledgeable in major methods of computational chemistry and spectroscopic experiments being conducted by present-day researchers. Dirac notation is used throughout, and right balance between comprehensiveness, rigor, and readability is achieved, ensuring that the book remains accessible while providing all the relevant details. Complete with exercises, this book is ideal for a course on quantum chemistry or as a self-study resource.There is a huge gulf between the real physics of space travel and the way it is commonly portrayed in…
movies and TV shows. That’s not because space physics is difficult or obscure – most of the details were understood by the end of the 18th century – but because it can often be bafflingly counter-intuitive for a general audience. The purpose of this book isn’t to criticize or debunk popular sci-fi depictions, which can be very entertaining, but to focus on how space physics really works. This is done with the aid of numerous practical illustrations taken from the works of serious science fiction authors – from Jules Verne and Arthur C. Clarke to Larry Niven and Andy Weir – who have taken positive pleasure in getting their scientific facts right.Ingenium: Five Machines That Changed the World
Par Mark Denny. 2007
A deep dive into pivotal technological advances in areas from warfare to time measurement. “A wonderful combination of history and…
physics.” —Mark Kidger, author of Astronomical EnigmasIngenium is medieval English vernacular for “an ingenious contrivance.” In this fascinating book, physicist Mark Denny considers five such contrivances—the bow and arrow, the waterwheel, the counterpoise siege engine (including the trebuchet), the pendulum clock anchor escapement, and the centrifugal governor—and demonstrates how they literally changed the world. Interweaving an entertaining narrative with diagrams, equations, and drawings, Denny shares the history of each device, explains the physics behind it, and describes how it was used, how it evolved, and why it is significant in today’s world.Consider the bow and arrow, which transformed warfare by allowing soldiers to attack their enemies at a safe distance. Or the waterwheel, which enabled Old World civilizations to grind grain, pump water, and power machines during a period of extreme labor shortages. Medieval warriors engaged in an early form of biological warfare by using the trebuchet to launch dead animals or plague-ridden corpses over enormous fortress walls. The pendulum clock forever enslaved modern humans to the clock by linking the accurate measure of time to the burdens of schedules, deadlines, promptness, and tardiness. And the centrifugal governor gave rise to an entire branch of modern engineering science: feedback control.Reflecting on the inventors of these ancient machines and the times in which they lived, Denny concludes with thought-provoking observations about inventors, inventiveness, genius, and innovation. Whether you dream of making a better mousetrap or launching pumpkins into the stratosphere, Ingenium will tickle your fancy.Showing Time: In Memory of Alberto Argenton
Par Ian F. Verstegen, Laura Messina-Argenton, Tiziano Agostini, Tamara Prest. 2022
How does a visual artist manage to narrate a story, which has a sequential and therefore temporal progression, using a…
static medium consisting solely of spatial sign elements and, what is more, in a single image? This is the question on which this work is based, posed by its designer, Alberto Argenton, to whose memory it is dedicated. The first explanation usually given by scholars in the field is that the artist solves the problem by depicting the same character in a number of scenes, thus giving indirect evidence of events taking place at different times. This book shows that artists, in addition to the repetition of characters, devise other spatial perceptual-representational strategies for organising the episodes that constitute a story and, therefore, showing time. Resorting to the psychology of art of a Gestalt matrix, the book offers ha formattato: Italiano (Italia) Codice campo modificato ha formattato: Italiano (Italia) ha formattato: Italiano (Italia) researchers, graduates, advanced undergraduates, and professionals a description of a large continuous pictorial narrative repertoire (1000 works) and an in-depth analysis of the perceptual-representational strategies employed by artists from the 6th to the 17th century in a group of 100 works narrating the story of Adam and Eve.Tipers: Sensemaking Tasks For Introductory Physics (Pearson Series In Educational Innovation: Student Resources For Physics Ser.)
Par C. Hieggelke, Steve Kanim, David Maloney, Thomas O'Kuma. 2015
TIPERs: Sensemaking Tasks for Introductory Physics gives introductory physics students the type of practice they need to promote a conceptual…
understanding of problem solving. This supplementary text helps students to connect the physical rules of the universe with the mathematical tools used to express them. The exercises in this workbook are intended to promote sensemaking. The various formats of the questions are difficult to solve just by using physics equations as formulas. Students will need to develop a solid qualitative understanding of the concepts, principles, and relationships in physics. In addition, they will have to decide what is relevant and what isn’t, which equations apply and which don’t, and what the equations tell one about physical situations. The goal is that when students are given a physics problem where they are asked solve for an unknown quantity, they will understand the physics of the problem in addition to finding the answer.Fantastic Numbers and Where to Find Them: A Cosmic Quest from Zero to Infinity
Par Antonio Padilla. 2022
A fun, dazzling exploration of the strange numbers that illuminate the ultimate nature of reality.For particularly brilliant theoretical physicists like…
James Clerk Maxwell, Paul Dirac, or Albert Einstein, the search for mathematical truths led to strange new understandings of the ultimate nature of reality. But what are these truths? What are the mysterious numbers that explain the universe? In Fantastic Numbers and Where to Find Them, the leading theoretical physicist and YouTube star Antonio Padilla takes us on an irreverent cosmic tour of nine of the most extraordinary numbers in physics, offering a startling picture of how the universe works. These strange numbers include Graham’s number, which is so large that if you thought about it in the wrong way, your head would collapse into a singularity; TREE(3), whose finite nature can never be definitively proved, because to do so would take so much time that the universe would experience a Poincaré Recurrence—resetting to precisely the state it currently holds, down to the arrangement of individual atoms; and 10^{-120}, measuring the desperately unlikely balance of energy needed to allow the universe to exist for more than just a moment, to extend beyond the size of a single atom—in other words, the mystery of our unexpected universe.Leading us down the rabbit hole to a deeper understanding of reality, Padilla explains how these unusual numbers are the key to understanding such mind-boggling phenomena as black holes, relativity, and the problem of the cosmological constant—that the two best and most rigorously tested ways of understanding the universe contradict one another. Fantastic Numbers and Where to Find Them is a combination of popular and cutting-edge science—and a lively, entertaining, and even funny exploration of the most fundamental truths about the universe.