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Pandemics and Ethics: Development – Problems – Solutions
Par Andreas Reis, Martina Schmidhuber, Andreas Frewer. 2023
Pandemics such as Covid-19, Ebola, SARS, and influenza, as well as the necessary measures for their research, prevention, and treatment,…
raise a number of ethical issues that confront science, the medical profession, and health policy.This overview volume, written by renowned experts from medicine, the humanities, and the social sciences, addresses the central ethical issues in pandemics. Focusing on the disciplines of philosophy, public health, bioethics, and law, the book discusses issues of resource allocation, triage, and research, as well as restrictions on freedom, rights and duties of health professionals, and ethical aspects of digital medicine in crises. The volume is intended to serve as a handbook and to provide physicians as well as nurses, politicians and interested laypersons with valuable advice on how to deal with the difficult moral problems of epidemics and pandemics.With expert contributions by Steffen Augsberg (Giessen), Klaus Bergdolt (Cologne), Nikola Biller-Andorno (Zurich), Walter Bruchhausen (Bonn), Christiane Druml (Vienna), Hans-Jörg Ehni (Tuebingen), Alice Faust (Berlin), Sophia Forster (Erlangen-Nuremberg), Andreas Frewer (Erlangen-Nuremberg), Sara Gerke (Boston/Cambridge), Patrik Hummel (Eindhoven), Elena Jirovsky-Platter (Vienna), Katharina Kieslich (Vienna), Otmar Kloiber (Ferney-Voltaire), Ulrich H. J. Körtner (Vienna), Eva Kuhn (Bonn), Georg Marckmann (Munich), Timo Minssen (Copenhagen), Tim Nguyen (Geneva), Barbara Prainsack (Vienna), Andreas Reis (Geneva), Anita Rieder (Vienna), Stephan Rixen (Bayreuth), Lana Saksone (Berlin), Martina Schmidhuber (Graz), Harald Schmidt (Philadelphia), Annabel Seebohm (Brussels), Daniel Strech (Berlin), Sebastian Wäscher (Zurich), Hans-Werner Wahl (Heidelberg), Stefanie Weigold (Berlin), and Lena Woydack (Berlin).Artificial Intelligence (AI) can benefit our society and economy, but also brings with it new challenges and raises legal and…
ethical questions. According to the author of this comprehensive analysis, it is imperative to ensure that AI is developed and applied in an appropriate legal and regulatory framework that promotes innovation and investment and, at the same time, addresses the risks associated with certain uses of AI-related technologies.Essential to understanding the relationship between policy and law, this book traces the evolution of EU policy on artificial intelligence and robotics, focusing in particular on the EU’s ethical framework for AI, which defines trust as a prerequisite for ensuring a human-centric approach.The main part of the book provides a thorough and systematic analysis of the Commission’s 2021 proposed AI Act, which establishes harmonised rules for the development, placement on the market and use of AI systems in the EU. The author painstakingly compares the Commission’s proposed AI Act with the numerous “compromise” proposals of the Council of the European Union, leading to the final version of the Council’s AI Act (general approach) and its formal adoption on 6 December 2022. The author also examines with extraordinary detail the amendments proposed by the relevant committees and political groups of the European Parliament, revealing the position the Parliament is likely to adopt in the forthcoming negotiations with the Commission and the Council on the text of the AI Act.Numerous legislative and policy documents are presented in detail, while the analysis also considers the comments made by all interested parties (e.g. the European Commission, Council of the European Union, European Parliament, governmental organisations, national competent authorities, and stakeholders/actors with different/conflicting interests, such as corporations, business and consumer associations, civil society and other non-profit organisations). In the course of its in-depth analysis, this book will provide readers with crucial insight into the reasons behind the European Institutions’ different approaches and the often contradictory interests of stakeholders. Because the policy arguments are carefully balanced and drafted with scrupulous care, this volume will establish itself as a reference resource to be consulted for years to come.The Insider's Guide to Legal Skills
Par Emily Allbon, Sanmeet Kaur Dua. 2023
Confused by cases? Stuck on statutes? Or just unsure where to start with writing, research or revision? The Insider’s Guide…
to Legal Skills will show you what you need to succeed, applying skills in their real-world context and helping you get to grips with legal method and thinking. Making use of problem-based learning and examples throughout, the fully updated second edition of this practical and accessible guide will provide you with a clear guide to skills within the law degree, including online learning. It will show you how to make the most of these skills in assessment and also help you to see their importance to a future legal career. Designed for students who want a clear overview of what a law degree is all about, the book has been built on the skills curriculum, and is a suitable text for Legal Skills, Methods and Reasoning courses as well as a general introduction to law, or pre-reading for those considering a law degree.Supreme Hubris: How Overconfidence Is Destroying the Court—and How We Can Fix It
Par Aaron Tang. 2023
How to repair the dysfunction at the Supreme Court in a way that cuts across partisan ideologies The Supreme Court,…
once the most respected institution in American government, is now routinely criticized for rendering decisions based on the individual justices’ partisan leanings rather than on a faithful reading of the law. For legal scholar Aaron Tang, however, partisanship is not the Court’s root problem. Overconfidence is. Conservative and liberal justices alike have adopted a tone of uncompromising certainty in their ability to solve society’s problems with just the right lawyerly arguments. The result is a Court that lurches stridently from one case to the next, delegitimizing opposing views and undermining public confidence in itself. To restore the Court’s legitimacy, Tang proposes a different approach to hard cases: one in which the Court acknowledges the arguments and interests on both sides and rules in the way that will do the least harm possible. Examining a surprising number of popular opinions where the Court has applied this approach—ranging from LGBTQ rights to immigration to juvenile justice—Tang shows how the least harm principle can provide a promising and legally grounded framework for the difficult cases that divide our nation.How Westminster Works . . . and Why It Doesn't
Par Ian Dunt. 2023
British politics is broken.Anyone sitting down to watch the news will get the sense that something has gone terribly wrong.…
We have prime ministers who detonate the economy, secretaries of state who are intellectually incapable of doing the job and MPs who seem temperamentally unsuited to the role. Expertise is denigrated. Lies are rewarded. And deep-seated, long-lasting national problems go permanently unresolved. Most of us have a sense that the system doesn't work, but we struggle to articulate exactly why. Our political and financial system is cloaked in secrecy, archaic terminology, ancient custom and impenetrable technical jargon.Lifting the lid on British politics, How Westminster Works . . . and Why It Doesn't exposes every aspect of the system in a way that can be understood and challenged, from the heights of Downing Street to the depths of the nation's newsrooms, from the hallways of the civil service to the green benches of the Commons.Based on interviews with some of the leading voices in politics, from former occupants of No.10 to key figures in Whitehall, Westminster and Fleet Street, Ian Dunt provides exactly what people in power have always tried to avoid: a full description of the mechanisms of British government. And a vision of how we can fix it.Applying a novel theoretical approach, Tamar Groswald Ozery combines law and political economy to deconstruct the role of law in…
China's market development since 1978. The book examines how economic and administrative powers within China's Party-state system have been legally and politically configured throughout China's growth process. Using a vast range of primary sources, Ozery illuminates how the law acts as a mediating institution that translates and gives shape to the relations between politics and economics. Using the evolution of public firms and corporate governance as a case study, Ozery illustrates the complex relationships between law, politics, and economic development, and sheds new light on the possible varieties of growth-supporting governance institutions in firms. By studying China's distinct market experience through the lens of law and political economy, Ozery offers a significant contribution to development studies, comparative corporate governance, and interdisciplinary discussions about China as a growth model.Encyclopedia of Transitional Justice
Par Lavinia Stan, Nadya Nedelsky. 2023
The Encyclopedia of Transitional Justice remains the premier reference tool that presents the state of the art in the field…
of reckoning with the legacy of past gross human rights abuses. Almost 200 scholars and practitioners from all continents summarize country efforts to address and redress the recent past, and present key transitional justice methods, debates, institutions and concepts. Both state and non-state initiatives are concisely overviewed. Written in an accessible style but with an eye to detail and accuracy, the entries include the latest research in the field and provide suggestions for further readings. Widely consulted by academics, practitioners, government officials and civil society representatives, the Encyclopedia is unmatched in the number of countries, institutions, debates, as well as methods, programs and practices it covers.Sustainable Development Goal 16 and the Global Governance of Violence: Critical Reflections on the Uncertain Future of Peace (Routledge Studies in Sustainable Development)
Par Timothy Donais, Alistair D. Edgar, Kirsten Van Houten. 2024
This book brings together a diverse range of scholars and practitioners working at the nexus of peace and development to…
reflect, at the mid-way point of the Sustainable Development Goals implementation period, what impact Goal 16 has made, or may yet make, toward reducing violence in ‘all its forms.’ Adopted in 2015, the Sustainable Development Goals include 17 objectives designed to shape and direct the global development agenda through to 2030, with Goal 16 aiming to promote ‘peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development.’ Amidst an ongoing global pandemic, evidence of a fracturing liberal international order, and the persistence of seemingly intractable conflict in large parts of the world, this volume takes stock of current progress toward providing access to justice and ensuring inclusive and democratic institutions. Across 15 chapters, the book’s contributors explore the universal aspirations of Goal 16 and its specific implications for conflict-affected states, which continue to experience ‘development in reverse,’ and for historically marginalized groups such as women, youth, the disabled, and indigenous peoples. In doing so, it offers a comprehensive assessment of Goal 16’s broader contribution to the creation of a more just, peaceful world against the realities of societies emerging from the COVID-19 pandemic and grappling with a deepening climate crisis. This volume will appeal to scholars, researchers, policymakers, and postgraduate students in sustainable development, global governance, international relations, global development, international law, and political science.Medical Jurisprudence & Clinical Forensic Medicine: An Indian Perspective
Par Dr Ambika Prasad Patra And Dr Kusa Kumar Shaha, Md, Frcp, Ffflm, Mba, Professor (additional) & Head of Department, Faculty Of Medicine, Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post-graduate Medical Education & Research, India; Member of International Academy of Legal Medicine of Switzerland; Faculty member (by equivalent qualification) of Forensic & Legal Medicine of London; Member of Indian Academy of Forensic Medicine & Indian Society of Toxicology (ex-officio)., Dr Kusa Kumar Shaha Mbbs. 2023
This book on Medical Jurisprudence & Clinical Forensic Medicine addresses the evolving nature of law and medicine. It updates the…
medicolegal (ML) systems and discusses the concerns related to digitalization of courts, serving a subpoena through social media, ethical/ML issues in nanomedicine, telemedicine and online prescription practices, toxicology and mass disaster. It fulfils the increased demands of students, forensic medicine specialists, clinicians and lawyers to get authentic medicolegal information in situations of ethical dilemma or during ML urgencies. It features case-based discussions on ML and deontological issues supported by the latest legal/statutory information. Key Features:• Discusses the clinical and applied aspects of forensic medicine through illustrative case scenarios and reports.• Addresses the needs of clinicians and forensic medicine specialists in writing medico-legal reports for specific cases.• Provides evidence-based solutions to medicolegal and ethical dilemma faced during routine practice.Diese Arbeit beleuchtet die verfahrensrechtliche Förderung von klimaschutzfreundlichen Projekten, die dem besonders dringenden Infrastrukturausbaubedarf abhelfen können. Dazu untersucht die Autorin…
die im deutschen und französischen Recht bestehenden Verfahrensprivilegierungen aus Gründen des um daraus Schlüsse für eine Verbesserung der Gesetzgebung zu ziehen. Im Mittelpunkt der Betrachtung steht das im Rahmen einer Novelle zum Energiewirtschaftsgesetz im Jahr 2019 geregelte Verfahren zur Genehmigung sogenannter Netzbooster. Dies sind große Batteriespeicher, die Schwankungen im Stromnetz kurzfristig ausgleichen sollen. Von Bedeutung sind Netzbooster nicht zuletzt im Zusammenhang mit dem Ausbau der Windenergie. Der Band analysiert und systematisiert mittelbare und unmittelbare Verfahrensprivilegierungen im Umwelt- und Planungsrecht und weist auf Handlungsspielräume und Nachbesserungsmöglichkeiten für den Gesetzgeber hin. Den Schwerpunkt im französischen Recht legt die Autorin auf die Commission nationale du débat public (CNDP) und die von ihr organisierte Öffentliche Debatte ( débat public) sowie auf das beschleunigte Enteignungsverfahren aus Gründen des Gemeinwohls ( L'expropriation pour cause d'utilité publique en extrême urgence). Der Rechtsvergleich liefert Grundlagen für eine Reformdiskussion.Fear of Flying Solo: An Empowering Guide to Recovery from Divorce
Par Marsha Vaughn. 2019
Are you newly and shockingly divorced?You bought the til death do us part thing. Now you are alone, and perhaps…
feeling unlovable? Is being single again overwhelming, scary, and totally not what you want? Are you freaked out about ever getting your life back together? Do you ask yourself, Where do I start? every day, then take a few steps and give up when the grief or panic overtakes you?In Fear of Flying Solo: Recovery from Divorce, Licensed Clinical Social Worker Marsha Vaugn teaches those going through divorce how to manage the transition and all of the overwhelming to-dos that come with it. She guides them through asking for support, what to do (or not do) about sex and dating, how to begin anew, and what practices carry them forward into their new life.If you are caught in the divorce transition and dont want to do it alone, Fear of Flying Solo is there for you every step of the way.,Buying a Bride: An Engaging History of Mail-Order Matches
Par Marcia A. Zug. 2016
There have always been mail-order brides in America--but we haven't always thought about them in the same ways. In Buying…
a Bride, Marcia A. Zug starts with the so-called "Tobacco Wives" of the Jamestown colony and moves all the way forward to today's modern same-sex mail-order grooms to explore the advantages and disadvantages of mail-order marriage. It's a history of deception, physical abuse, and failed unions. It's also the story of how mail-order marriage can offer women surprising and empowering opportunities. Drawing on a forgotten trove of colorful mail-order marriage court cases, Zug explores the many troubling legal issues that arise in mail-order marriage: domestic abuse and murder, breach of contract, fraud (especially relating to immigration), and human trafficking and prostitution. She tells the story of how mail-order marriage lost the benign reputation it enjoyed in the Civil War era to become more and more reviled over time, and she argues compellingly that it does not entirely deserve its current reputation. While it is a common misperception that women turn to mail-order marriage as a desperate last resort, most mail-order brides are enticed rather than coerced. Since the first mail-order brides arrived on American shores in 1619, mail-order marriage has enabled women to improve both their marital prospects and their legal, political, and social freedoms. Buying A Bride uncovers this history and shows us how mail-order marriage empowers women and should be protected and even encouraged.This book is a critical exploration of the war on terror from the prism of armed drones and globalization. It…
is particularly focused on the United States’ use of the drones, and the systemic dysfunctions that globalization has caused to international political economy and national security, creating backlash in which the desirability of globalization is not only increasingly questioned, but the resultant dissension about its desirability appears increasingly militating against the international consensus needed to fight the war on terror. To underline the controversial nature of the "war on terror" and the pragmatic weapon (armed drones) fashioned for its prosecution, some of the elements of this controversy have been interrogated in this book. They include, amongst others, the doubt over whether the war should have been declared in the first place because terrorist attacks hardly meet the United Nations’ casus belli – an armed attack. There are critics, as highlighted in this book, who believe that the "war on terror" is not an armed conflict properly so called, and, thus, remains only a "law enforcement issue." The United States and all the states taking part in the war on terror are obligated to observe International Humanitarian Law (IHL). It is within this context of IHL that this book appraises the drone as a weapon of engagement, discussing such issues as "personality" and "signature" strikes as well as the implications of the deployment of spies as drone strikers rather than the Defence Department, the members of the U.S armed forces. This book will be of value to researchers, academics, policymakers, professionals, and students in the fields of security studies, terrorism, the law of armed conflict, international humanitarian law, and international politics.Forensic Anthropology: A Comprehensive Introduction, Second Edition
Par Natalie R. Langley, MariaTeresa A. Tersigni-Tarrant. 2017
This robust, dynamic, and international field has grown to include interdisciplinary research, continually improving methodology, and globalization of training. Reflecting…
the diverse nature of the science from experts who have shaped it, Forensic Anthropology: A Comprehensive Introduction Second Edition builds off of the success of the first edition and incorporates standard practices in addition to cutting-edge approaches in a user-friendly format, making it an ideal introductory-level text.Frontiers of Possession: Spain and Portugal in Europe and the Americas
Par Tamar Herzog. 2015
Tamar Herzog asks how territorial borders were established in the early modern period and challenges the standard view that national…
boundaries are settled by military conflicts and treaties. Claims and control on both sides of the Atlantic were subject to negotiation, as neighbors and outsiders carved out and defended new frontiers of possession.Planning For Uncertainty: Living Wills and Other Advance Directives for You and Your Family (A Johns Hopkins Press Health Book)
Par David John Doukas, William Reichel. 2007
A practical guide to documenting your decisions and preferences in case of incapacitating illness.It won’t happen to me.I’m too busy…
to worry about a living will.My family will know what to do.No one wants to plan for incapacitating illness or death. But to spare loved ones from needless emotional suffering, or even legal battles, people of all ages need to document and communicate clear decisions about the final details of their lives while they are healthy and have time to fully consider their own values and preferences.Here, Drs. David Doukas and William Reichel help individuals make decisions and communicate their wishes to health care providers and family members and other loved ones. They use a question-and-answer format to guide readers through the process—emphasizing the crucial connection between values and treatment preferences. They explain advance directives and the health care decision-making process, including the values history, family covenants, proxies, and proxy negation. The appendix includes resources and web links for learning about advance directive requirements and obtaining legal forms in all fifty states.This practical guide helps people navigate the intimidating but important process of thinking about, and planning for, an uncertain future.Crime and Community in Ciceronian Rome
Par Riggsby, Andrew M.. 1999
Through the lens of Cicero's forensic oratory, Riggsby examines the four major public offenses: ambitus (bribery of the electorate), de…
sicariis et veneficiis (murder), vis (riot), and repetundae (extortion by provincial administrators). He persuasively argues that each of these offenses involves a violation of the proper relations between the state and the people, as interpreted by orators and juries. He concludes that in the late Roman Republic the only crimes were political crimes.Last Resort: The Financial Crisis and the Future of Bailouts
Par Eric A. Posner. 2018
The bailouts during the recent financial crisis enraged the public. They felt unfair—and counterproductive: people who take risks must be…
allowed to fail. If we reward firms that make irresponsible investments, costing taxpayers billions of dollars, aren’t we encouraging them to continue to act irresponsibly, setting the stage for future crises? And beyond the ethics of it was the question of whether the government even had the authority to bail out failing firms like Bear Stearns and AIG. The answer, according to Eric A. Posner, is no. The federal government freely and frequently violated the law with the bailouts—but it did so in the public interest. An understandable lack of sympathy toward Wall Street has obscured the fact that bailouts have happened throughout economic history and are unavoidable in any modern, market-based economy. And they’re actually good. Contrary to popular belief, the financial system cannot operate properly unless the government stands ready to bail out banks and other firms. During the recent crisis, Posner agues, the law didn’t give federal agencies sufficient power to rescue the financial system. The legal constraints were damaging, but harm was limited because the agencies—with a few exceptions—violated or improvised elaborate evasions of the law. Yet the agencies also abused their power. If illegal actions were what it took to advance the public interest, Posner argues, we ought to change the law, but we need to do so in a way that also prevents agencies from misusing their authority. In the aftermath of the crisis, confusion about what agencies did do, should have done, and were allowed to do, has prevented a clear and realistic assessment and may hamper our response to future crises. Taking up the common objections raised by both right and left, Posner argues that future bailouts will occur. Acknowledging that inevitability, we can and must look ahead and carefully assess our policy options before we need them.Embarking on a unique study of Roman criminal law, Judy Gaughan has developed a novel understanding of the nature of…
social and political power dynamics in republican government. Revealing the significant relationship between political power and attitudes toward homicide in the Roman republic, Murder Was Not a Crime describes a legal system through which families (rather than the government) were given the power to mete out punishment for murder. With implications that could modify the most fundamental beliefs about the Roman republic, Gaughan's research maintains that Roman criminal law did not contain a specific enactment against murder, although it had done so prior to the overthrow of the monarchy. While kings felt an imperative to hold monopoly over the power to kill, Gaughan argues, the republic phase ushered in a form of decentralized government that did not see itself as vulnerable to challenge by an act of murder. And the power possessed by individual families ensured that the government would not attain the responsibility for punishing homicidal violence. Drawing on surviving Roman laws and literary sources, Murder Was Not a Crime also explores the dictator Sulla's "murder law," arguing that it lacked any government concept of murder and was instead simply a collection of earlier statutes repressing poisoning, arson, and the carrying of weapons. Reinterpreting a spectrum of scenarios, Gaughan makes new distinctions between the paternal head of household and his power over life and death, versus the power of consuls and praetors to command and kill.The Market and Other Orders (The collected Works Of F. A. Hayek Ser. #Vol. 15)
Par Friedrich A. Hayek, edited by Bruce Caldwell. 1960
In addition to his groundbreaking contributions to pure economic theory, F. A. Hayek also closely examined the ways in which…
the knowledge of many individual market participants could culminate in an overall order of economic activity. His attempts to come to terms with the "knowledge problem" thread through his career and comprise the writings collected in the fifteenth volume of the University of Chicago Press's Collected Works of F. A. Hayek series. The Market and Other Orders brings together more than twenty works spanning almost forty years that consider this question. Consisting of speeches, essays, and lectures, including Hayek's 1974 Nobel lecture, "The Pretense of Knowledge," the works in this volume draw on a broad range of perspectives, including the philosophy of science, the physiology of the brain, legal theory, and political philosophy. Taking readers from Hayek's early development of the idea of spontaneous order in economics through his integration of this insight into political theory and other disciplines, the book culminates with Hayek's integration of his work on these topics into an overarching social theory that accounts for spontaneous order in the variety of complex systems that Hayek studied throughout his career. Edited by renowned Hayek scholar Bruce Caldwell, who also contributes a masterly introduction that provides biographical and historical context, The Market and Other Orders forms the definitive compilation of Hayek's work on spontaneous order.