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Statistical Mechanics for Chemistry and Materials Science
Par Biman Bagchi. 2018
This book covers the broad subject of equilibrium statistical mechanics along with many advanced and modern topics such as nucleation,…
spinodal decomposition, inherent structures of liquids and liquid crystals. Unlike other books on the market, this comprehensive text not only deals with the primary fundamental ideas of statistical mechanics but also covers contemporary topics in this broad and rapidly developing area of chemistry and materials science.A Hands-On Course in Sensors Using the Arduino and Raspberry Pi (Series in Sensors)
Par Volker Ziemann. 2018
A Hands-On Course in Sensors using the Arduino and Raspberry Pi is the first book to give a practical and…
wide-ranging account of how to interface sensors and actuators with micro-controllers, Raspberry Pi and other control systems. The author describes the progression of raw signals through conditioning stages, digitization, data storage and presentation. The collection, processing, and understanding of sensor data plays a central role in industrial and scientific activities. This book builds simplified models of large industrial or scientific installations that contain hardware and other building blocks, including services for databases, web servers, control systems, and messaging brokers. A range of case studies are included within the book, including a weather station, geophones, a water-colour monitor, capacitance measurement, the profile of laser beam, and a remote-controlled and fire-seeking robot This book is suitable for advanced undergraduate and graduate students taking hands-on laboratory courses in physics and engineering. Hobbyists in robotics clubs and other enthusiasts will also find this book of interest. Features: Includes practical, hands-on exercises that can be conducted in student labs, or even at home Covers the latest software and hardware, and all code featured in examples is discussed in detail All steps are illustrated with practical examples and case studies to enhance learningRadiation Sensors with 3D Electrodes (Series in Sensors)
Par Sherwood Parker, Cinzia Da Vià, Gian-Franco Dalla Betta. 2019
Written by the leading names in this field, this book introduces the technical properties, design and fabrication details, measurement results,…
and applications of three-dimensional silicon radiation sensors. Such devices are currently used in the ATLAS experiment at the European Centre for Particle Physics (CERN) for particle tracking in high energy physics. These sensors are the radiation hardest devices ever fabricated and have applications in ground-breaking research in neutron detection, medical dosimetry and space technologies and more. Chapters explore the essential features of silicon particle detectors, interactions of radiation with matter, radiation damage effects, and micro-fabrication, in addition to a providing historical overview of the field. This book will be a key reference for students and researchers working with sensor technologies. Features: The first book dedicated to this unique and growing subject area, which is also widely applicable in high-energy physics, medical physics, space science and beyond Authored by Sherwood Parker, the inventor of the concept of 3D detectors; Cinzia Da Vià, who has brought 3DSi technology to application; and Gian-Franco Dalla Betta, a leading figure in the design and fabrication technology of these devices Explains to non-experts the essential features of silicon particle detectors, interactions of radiation with matter, radiation damage effects, and micro-fabricationApplications of Laser-Plasma Interactions
Par Shalom Eliezer, Kunioki Mima. 2009
Recent advances in the development of lasers with more energy, power, and brightness have opened up new possibilities for exciting…
applications. Applications of Laser-Plasma Interactions reviews the current status of high power laser applications. The book first explores the science and technology behind the ignition and burn of imploded fusion fueMicrocomputer Quantum Mechanics
Par J P Killingbeck. 1985
Microcomputer Quantum Mechanics combines the teaching of computing skills with depth of mathematical understanding. This practical text demonstrates how computation…
can be integrated with theoretical analysis as part of a unified attack on problems in one of the most interesting areas of modern physics. The author discusses the mathematical principles behind the programs and actually creates new methods to facilitate the application of microcomputers in quantum mechanics.Microcomputer Quantum Mechanics combines the teaching of computing skills with depth of mathematical understanding. This practical text demonstrates how computation can be integrated with theoretical analysis as part of a unified attack on problems in one of the most interesting areas of modern physics. The author discusses the mathematical principles behind the programs and actually creates new methods to facilitate the application of microcomputers in quantum mechanics.Characterisation of Soft Magnetic Materials Under Rotational Magnetisation
Par Stanislaw Zurek. 2018
The book presents practical aspects related to the measurement of rotational power loss in soft magnetic materials. The book furthermore…
focuses on practical aspects of performing such measurements, the associated difficulties as well as solutions to the most common problems. Numerous practical aspects, hands-on experience, and most commonly encountered pitfalls are heavily discussed in the book. The text begins with introduction to magnetism, then follows with definitions of measurement methods of rotational power loss from physical viewpoint. Two chapters describe and detail the various sensors which can be employed for such measurements as well as all the aspects of designing, making, and using a magnetising apparatus. A synthesis of the likely optimal design of a magnetising apparatus is also given, preceded with the full reasoning based on all the research carried out to date. Characterisation of Soft Magnetic Materials Under Rotational Magnetisation serves as an excellent starting point for any student having to perform magnetic measurements under rotational magnetisation, but also under 1D, 2D or 3D excitation. Because the methods, sensors, and apparatus are extensively discussed it will also be a great reference for more senior researchers and experts in the field. There is a whole chapter devoted to analysis of measurement uncertainty. This subject is rarely published for magnetic measurements, which makes it more difficult for all researchers to understand the concepts and methodology used in uncertainty estimation. This chapter not only introduces the whole subject, but also provides multiple step-by-step examples which can be easily followed, from very simple cases to much more complex ones. All equations are presented with full SI units which greatly helps in practical application of the presented methodology. Each chapter is written in such a way that it can be studied on its own, so that the reader can focus only on the specific aspects, as required.The Institute of Physics Conference Series is a leading International medium for the rapid publication of proceedings of major conferences…
and symposia reviewing new developments in physics and related areas. Volumes in the series comprise original refereed papers and are regarded as standard referee works. As such, they are an essential part of major libration collections worldwide.The twelfth conference on the Microscopy of Semiconducting Materials (MSM) was held at the University of Oxford, 25-29 March 2001. MSM conferences focus on recent international advances in semiconductor studies carried out by all forms of microscopy. The event was organized with scientific sponsorship by the Royal Microscopical Society, The Electron Microscopy and Analysis Group of the Institute of Physics and the Materials Research Society. With the continual shrinking of electronic device dimensions and accompanying enhancement in device performance, the understanding of semiconductor microscopic properties at the nanoscale (and even at the atomic scale) is increasingly critical for further progress to be achieved. This conference proceedings provides an overview of the latest instrumentation, analysis techniques and state-of-the-art advances in semiconducting materials science for solid state physicists, chemists, and materials scientists.Presents optical techniques and measurement procedures, providing basic background information on optics and lasers, their components and basic systems. Contains…
information on thermal and laser sources, detectors, and recording materials, semi-conductor laser diodes, and optical techniques such as"This book presents the technology evaluation methodology from the point of view of radiological physics and contrasts the purely physical…
evaluation of image quality with the determination of diagnostic outcome through the study of observer performance. The reader is taken through the arguments with concrete examples illustrated by code in R, an open source statistical language." – from the Foreword by Prof. Harold L. Kundel, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania "This book will benefit individuals interested in observer performance evaluations in diagnostic medical imaging and provide additional insights to those that have worked in the field for many years."– Prof. Gary T. Barnes, Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham This book provides a complete introductory overview of this growing field and its applications in medical imaging, utilizing worked examples and exercises to demystify statistics for readers of any background. It includes a tutorial on the use of the open source, widely used R software, as well as basic statistical background, before addressing localization tasks common in medical imaging. The coverage includes a discussion of study design basics and the use of the techniques in imaging system optimization, memory effects in clinical interpretations, predictions of clinical task performance, alternatives to ROC analysis, and non-medical applications. Dev P. Chakraborty, PhD, is a clinical diagnostic imaging physicist, certified by the American Board of Radiology in Diagnostic Radiological Physics and Medical Nuclear Physics. He has held faculty positions at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, University of Pennsylvania, and most recently at the University of Pittsburgh.Computational Nanotechnology: Modeling and Applications with MATLAB® (Nano and Energy)
Par Sarhan M. Musa. 2011
Applications of nanotechnology continue to fuel significant innovations in areas ranging from electronics, microcomputing, and biotechnology to medicine, consumer supplies,…
aerospace, and energy production. As progress in nanoscale science and engineering leads to the continued development of advanced materials and new devices, improved methods of modeling and simulation are required to achieve a more robust quantitative understanding of matter at the nanoscale. Computational Nanotechnology: Modeling and Applications with MATLAB® provides expert insights into current and emerging methods, opportunities, and challenges associated with the computational techniques involved in nanoscale research. Written by, and for, those working in the interdisciplinary fields that comprise nanotechnology—including engineering, physics, chemistry, biology, and medicine—this book covers a broad spectrum of technical information, research ideas, and practical knowledge. It presents an introduction to computational methods in nanotechnology, including a closer look at the theory and modeling of two important nanoscale systems: molecular magnets and semiconductor quantum dots. Topics covered include: Modeling of nanoparticles and complex nano and MEMS systems Theory associated with micromagnetics Surface modeling of thin films Computational techniques used to validate hypotheses that may not be accessible through traditional experimentation Simulation methods for various nanotubes and modeling of carbon nanotube and silicon nanowire transistors In regard to applications of computational nanotechnology in biology, contributors describe tracking of nanoscale structures in cells, effects of various forces on cellular behavior, and use of protein-coated gold nanoparticles to better understand protein-associated nanomaterials. Emphasizing the importance of MATLAB for biological simulations in nanomedicine, this wide-ranging survey of computational nanotechnology concludes by discussing future directions in the field, highlighting the importance of the algorithms, modeling software, and computational tools in the development of efficient nanoscale systems.Photonic Devices and Systems
Par Hunsperger. 1994
This work describes all the major devices used in photonic systems. It provides a thorough overview of the field of…
photonics, detailing practical examples of photonic technology in a wide range of applications. Photonic systems and devices are discussed with a mathematical rigor that is precise enough for design purposes yet highly readable.Fractals: Concepts and Applications in Geosciences
Par Behzad Ghanbarian, Allen G. Hunt. 2018
This book provides theoretical concepts and applications of fractals and multifractals to a broad range of audiences from various scientific…
communities, such as petroleum, chemical, civil and environmental engineering, atmospheric research, and hydrology. In the first chapter, we introduce fractals and multifractals from physics and math viewpoints. We then discuss theory and practical applications in detail. In what follows, in chapter 2, fragmentation process is modeled using fractals. Fragmentation is the breaking of aggregates into smaller pieces or fragments, a typical phenomenon in nature. In chapter 3, the advantages and disadvantages of two- and three-phase fractal models are discussed in detail. These two kinds of approach have been widely applied in the literature to model different characteristics of natural phenomena. In chapter 4, two- and three-phase fractal techniques are used to develop capillary pressure curve models, which characterize pore-size distribution of porous media. Percolation theory provides a theoretical framework to model flow and transport in disordered networks and systems. Therefore, following chapter 4, in chapter 5 the fractal basis of percolation theory and its applications in surface and subsurface hydrology are discussed. In chapter 6, fracture networks are shown to be modeled using fractal approaches. Chapter 7 provides different applications of fractals and multifractals to petrophysics and relevant area in petroleum engineering. In chapter 8, we introduce the practical advantages of fractals and multifractals in geostatistics at large scales, which have broad applications in stochastic hydrology and hydrogeology. Multifractals have been also widely applied to model atmospheric characteristics, such as precipitation, temperature, and cloud shape. In chapter 9, these kinds of properties are addressed using multifractals. At watershed scales, river networks have been shown to follow fractal behavior. Therefore, the applications of fractals are addressed in chapter 10. Time series analysis has been under investigations for several decades in physics, hydrology, atmospheric research, civil engineering, and water resources. In chapter 11, we therefore, provide fractal, multifractal, multifractal detrended fluctuation analyses, which can be used to study temporal characterization of a phenomenon, such as flow discharge at a specific location of a river. Chapter 12 addresses signals and again time series using a novel fractal Fourier analysis. In chapter 13, we discuss constructal theory, which has a perspective opposite to fractal theories, and is based on optimizationof diffusive exchange. In the case of river drainages, for example, the constructal approach begins at the divide and generates headwater streams first, rather than starting from the fundamental drainage pattern.Electromagnetic Instabilities in an Inhomogeneous Plasma (Series In Plasma Physics Ser. #1)
Par A. B Mikhailovskii. 1992
Electromagnetic Instabilities in an Inhomogeneous Plasma presents a comprehensive survey of the theory of electromagnetic instabilities in a magnetized inhomogeneous…
plasma, mainly in the classical approximation of straight and parallel magnetic field lines as well as magnetic-field curvature effects. Using his expertise and experience, the author skillfully guides the reader through the theory; presenting the most important results from leading Russian and Western scientists. This timely and important work will enable new or experienced researchers to improve their knowledge of this important field of plasma research.Statistical Methods for Materials Science: The Data Science of Microstructure Characterization
Par Jeffrey P. Simmons, Lawrence F. Drummy, Charles A. Bouman, Marc De Graef. 2019
Data analytics has become an integral part of materials science. This book provides the practical tools and fundamentals needed for…
researchers in materials science to understand how to analyze large datasets using statistical methods, especially inverse methods applied to microstructure characterization. It contains valuable guidance on essential topics such as denoising and data modeling. Additionally, the analysis and applications section addresses compressed sensing methods, stochastic models, extreme estimation, and approaches to pattern detection.Random Non-Random Periodic Fau
Par M. T. Sebastian, P. Krishna. 1994
This book provides a comprehensive overview of stacking faults in crystal structures. Subjects covered include: notations used in representations of…
close-packed structures; types of faults; methods of detection and measurement such as X-ray diffraction, electron diffraction and other techniques; theoretical models of non-random faulting during phase transitions; specific examples of - close packed structures including, zinc sulphide, silicon carbide and silver iodide.Gravitation: Proceedings Of The 15th Iagrg Conference, N. Bengal University, Nov. 4-7, 1989
Par A R Prasanna. 2017
This book suitable for post graduates in Physics and Astrophysics aims at introducing the theory of general relativity as an…
important background for doing astrophysics. Starting from a detailed discussion of the various mathematical concepts for doing general relativity, the book introduces the geometric description of gravity. It gives a brief historical perspective to classical mechanics and electrodynamics making an attempt to establish the necessity of special relativity as propounded by Einstein extending to General Relativity. This book is a good starting point for post graduates wanting to pursue the modern topics of Cosmology, High energy astrophysics and related areas.Biomolecular Thermodynamics: From Theory to Application (Foundations of Biochemistry and Biophysics)
Par Douglas Barrick. 2018
"an impressive text that addresses a glaring gap in the teaching of physical chemistry, being specifically focused on biologically-relevant systems…
along with a practical focus…. the ample problems and tutorials throughout are much appreciated." –Tobin R. Sosnick, Professor and Chair of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago "Presents both the concepts and equations associated with statistical thermodynamics in a unique way that is at visual, intuitive, and rigorous. This approach will greatly benefit students at all levels." –Vijay S. Pande, Henry Dreyfus Professor of Chemistry, Stanford University "a masterful tour de force…. Barrick's rigor and scholarship come through in every chapter."–Rohit V. Pappu, Edwin H. Murty Professor of Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis This book provides a comprehensive, contemporary introduction to developing a quantitative understanding of how biological macromolecules behave using classical and statistical thermodynamics. The author focuses on practical skills needed to apply the underlying equations in real life examples. The text develops mechanistic models, showing how they connect to thermodynamic observables, presenting simulations of thermodynamic behavior, and analyzing experimental data. The reader is presented with plenty of exercises and problems to facilitate hands-on learning through mathematical simulation. Douglas E. Barrick is a professor in the Department of Biophysics at Johns Hopkins University. He earned his Ph.D. in biochemistry from Stanford University, and a Ph.D. in biophysics and structural biology from the University of Oregon.Routledge Revivals: Science as a Questioning Process (Routledge Revivals)
Par Nigel Sanitt. 1996
First published in 1996, Science as a Questioning Process evaluates scientific theories through from Darwinian evolution to relativity, and from…
quantum theory to cosmology. It offers an examination of these theories, in terms of a compromise between resolvable empirical questions, and theoretical questions left unresolved. The book asks questions that deal with both intellectual and public concern about what science tells us, and how reliable it is. Through this novel perspective, the book examines science in the context of everyday culture and the role it plays in everyday life. This book will be of interest to anyone working in the fields of philosophy, sociology and science.Particle Emission From Nuclei: Volume II: Alpha, Proton, and Heavy Ion Radioactivities
Par Dorin N. Poenaru. 1988
This book has three volume. The first volume is mainly devoted to the macroscopic-microscopic theory in its traditional form and…
extended to very high mass and charge asymmetry. Applications of this theory to the emission of different kinds of charged particles from nuclei are presented in the second volume, where recent experimental achievements in alpha decay, proton, and heavy ion (14C, 24Ne, 28Mg, etc.) radioactivities are also discussed. Experiments on spontaneous fission, fission isomers, and more complex phenomena like particle-accompanied fission,delayed processes: p, a, 2p, t, n, 2n, 3n, and the new mechanism of cold fission (or fission with compact shapes) are described in detail in the third volume.Microdosimetry: Experimental Methods and Applications
Par Anthony Waker, Lennart Lindborg. 2017
Experimental microdosimetry deals with the measurement of charged particle energy deposition in tissue equivalent volumes, ranging in size from nanometres…
to micrometres. Microdosimetry is employed to improve our understanding of the relationship between radiation energy deposition, the resulting biological effects, and the appropriate quantities to be used in characterizing and quantifying radiation quality. Although many reviews and contributions to the field have been published over the past fifty years, this new book is the first to provide a single, up to date, and easily accessible account of experimental microdosimetry. This book is designed to be used in medical, radiation, and health physics courses and by Master’s and PhD students. In addition to serving as an introductory text to the field for graduate students, this book will also be of interest as a teaching and reference resource for graduate supervisors and established researchers. Drs. Lennart Lindborg and Anthony Waker have spent a life-time career in experimental microdosimetry research in academic, industrial and regulatory environments and have observed the development of the field from its early days as a recognized discipline; they bring to this book particular knowledge and experience in the design, construction, operation and use of tissue equivalent gas ionization counters and chambers.