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Wider die Borniertheit und den Chauvinismus – mit Paul K. Feyerabend durch absurde Zeiten
Par Wolfgang Frindte. 2024
This book presents a novel comprehensive thermodynamic framework, suitable for the design of new macroscopic models, as well as the…
combination of existing models. Our goal is to popularize thermodynamics for model designers. The example series of models includes very classic solid and fluid models, such as Newtonian, viscoplastic and viscoelastic materials, but also new heat effects and original combinations of existing models. The aim of the new proposed framework is to allow a clear and easy development of constitutive equations that automatically satisfy the second principle. Instead of writing directly constitutive relations, model designers are encouraged to first specify the energy. This book is primarily intended for graduate students and researchers in applied mathematics, engineering sciences, computational mechanics and physics. The reader is assumed to be familiar with classical mechanics, together with matrix and tensors algebra.Fundamentals of Acoustic Waves and Applications (Synthesis Lectures on Wave Phenomena in the Physical Sciences)
Par Sanichiro Yoshida. 2024
This book discusses acoustic waves in five chapters. Chapter 1 reviews the general properties of waves. Chapter 2 presents the…
acoustic waves in fluid and solids, including the wave equations in the respective media. Chapter 3 discusses the propagation of audible acoustic waves in the air. The discussion includes analyses of speech and music we hear in the time and frequency domains. Chapter 4 discusses the propagation of acoustic waves in solids. Unlike in the air, sound waves take complicated forms in solids; they can be both in longitudinal and transverse modes, and mode conversions can occur upon reflection. Although these behaviors make the analysis difficult, we can apply them to engineering problems. Chapter 5 describes the transduction of acoustic signals. It presents acoustic transmitters and sensors along with their operation principles. Finally, Chapter 6 presents several techniques used in engineering. It is also useful to consider applying acoustic and optical techniques to engineering problems.Industrial Color Physics (Springer Series in Optical Sciences #154)
Par Georg A. Klein. 2010
Colors arise only in the brain, normally originating from electromagnetic waves from the outside world. This book is based on…
courses given by the author in the Department of Colors, Paints and Plastics at the University of Applied Sciences in Stuttgart and continued at the University of Applied Sciences in Esslingen, Germany. The development of color physics in industry began in the middle of the 19th century with the large-scale manufacturing of natural colors. Since that time, a great variety of new, especially synthetic, colorants have been produced in order to meet increasing demands for non-self-luminous colors with regard to color applications. The rapid progress in color physics and accompanying applications over the last three decades are the reasons for this work. Here, the fundamentals of color physics are outlined and the most important recent developments and applications in the color industry are discussed. 1 In comparison to the ?rst German edition, all chapters of the book have been revised and expanded with regard to effect pigments. After the introd- tory chapter, the optical fundamentals of absorbing and effect colorants are discussed. The exceptional spectral and colorimetric properties of effect p- ments are detailed in combination with further characterizing parameters. Color spaces are presented as well as the ef?ciency of recent color difference f- mulas. In addition to the normal spectral measuring methods for absorbing colorants, modi?ed procedures for effect colorations are outlined.Manifold Learning: Model Reduction in Engineering (SpringerBriefs in Computer Science)
Par David Ryckelynck, Fabien Casenave, Nissrine Akkari. 2024
This Open Access book reviews recent theoretical and numerical developments in nonlinear model order reduction in continuum mechanics, being addressed…
to Master and PhD students, as well as to researchers, lecturers and instructors. The aim of the authors is to provide tools for a better understanding and implement reduced order models by using: physics-based models, synthetic data forecast by these models, experimental data and deep learning algorithms. The book involves a survey of key methods of model order reduction applied to model-based engineering and digital twining, by learning linear or nonlinear latent spaces.Projection-based reduced order models are the projection of mechanical equations on a latent space that have been learnt from both synthetic data and experimental data. Various descriptions and representations of structured data for model reduction are presented in the applications and survey chapters. Image-based digital twins are developed in a reduced setting. Reduced order models of as-manufactured components predict the mechanical effects of shape variations. A similar workflow is extended to multiphysics or coupled problems, with high dimensional input fields. Practical techniques are proposed for data augmentation and also for hyper-reduction, which is a key point to speed up projection-based model order reduction of finite element models.The book gives access to python libraries available on gitlab.com, which have been developed as part of the research program [FUI-25] MORDICUS funded by the French government. Similarly to deep learning for computer vision, deep learning for model order reduction circumvents the need to design parametric problems prior reducing models. Such an approach is highly relevant for image-base modelling or multiphysics modelling.Dieses Buch bietet einzigartige und umfassende konzeptionelle Erklärungen der Quantenfeldtheorie und des Standardmodells der Teilchenphysik. Wie können fundamentale Teilchen als…
Wellen im Vakuum existieren? Wie können solche Wellen Teilcheneigenschaften wie z. B. Trägheit haben? Was verbirgt sich hinter dem Begriff der virtuellen Teilchen? Warum und wie üben die Teilchen Kräfte aufeinander aus? Und nicht zuletzt: Was sind überhaupt Kräfte? Dies sind einige der zentralen Fragen, auf die die Quantenfeldtheorie und das Standardmodell der Teilchenphysik faszinierende Antworten geben. Leider sind diese Theorien hochgradig mathematisch, so dass die meisten Menschen - sogar viele Wissenschaftler - nicht in der Lage sind, ihre Bedeutung vollständig zu erfassen. Dieses Buch entwirrt diese Theorien auf eine konzeptionelle, nicht-mathematische Weise, indem es mehr als 190 Abbildungen und ausführliche Erklärungen verwendet und dadurch großartige Einsichten vermittelt, die in der populärwissenschaftlichen Literatur nicht zu finden sind. Diese vollständig überarbeitete und erweiterte zweite Auflage bietet bemerkenswerte Einblicke in den Übergang von der Quanten- zur klassischen Welt unter Verwendung des Konzepts der Quantendekohärenz, wobei auch der "Kollaps der Wellenfunktion", der Tunneleffekt und das Quantencomputing erklärt werden.Athanasius Kircher, the Mysteries of the Geocosmos, Magnetism, and the Universe
Par Agustín Udías. 2024
Athanasius Kircher, the eminent 17th-century German Jesuit professor of mathematics at the Roman College emerges as a captivating figure within…
the pages of this monograph by Agustín Udías. Aptly deemed 'the man who knew everything,' Kircher's thirty-two comprehensive works, spanning an array of subjects, provide a unique lens into his visionary perspectives. This book delves into three selected works where Kircher unveils his conceptualization of the Earth, termed the 'Geocosmos,' treated magnetism as a cosmic and spiritual force, and embarks on a cosmic exploration from Earth to the stars. From his groundbreaking speculations on the Earth's interior, attributing earthquakes and volcanoes to intricate channels of air, water, and fire, to his cosmic journey accompanied by the ethereal spirit Cosmiel, Kircher's enduring allure persists. Despite variance from contemporary knowledge, situated at the beginning of modern science, Kircher's proposals of the structure of the Earth’s interior, cosmic magnetic theories, and space journey to the stars offer a compelling glimpse into the intellectual landscape of a bygone era, making this book an essential exploration for scholars seeking a nuanced understanding of Kircher's profound influence.Grundkurs Theoretische Elektrotechnik: Q, E und B begründen alles
Par Martin Poppe. 2024
Dieses für die zweite Auflage gründlich überarbeitete Buch erklärt, warum es verschiedene Varianten der Maxwell’schen Gleichungen gibt und was genau…
die physikalische Bedeutung der in ihnen vorkommenden Größen ist. Gezeigt wird ferner, wie sich die Bestimmungsgleichungen für statische elektrische und magnetische Potenziale aus den Maxwell’schen Gleichungen ergeben. Dabei ist die Rolle der dem Feld ausgesetzter Materie immer von Anfang an integraler Bestandteil der Diskussion. Multipolentwicklungen werden begründet und hergeleitet. Ferner wird dargelegt, welches Vereinfachungspotenzial in der Formulierung der dynamischen Theorie als Eichfeldtheorie liegt. Die Gesetze der Optik werden aus denen der Elektrodynamik hergeleitet. Für quasi-stationäre Rechnungen werden Begründungen geliefert, Grenzen formuliert und technische Beispiele und Gegenbeispiele gezeigt. Am Schluss wird auf weiterführende Literatur hingewiesen.Walking with Christiaan Huygens: From Archimedes' Influence to Unsung Contributions in Modern Science (History of Physics)
Par Tijmen Jan Moser, Enders Anthony Robinson. 2024
Dutch scientist Christiaan Huygens (1629-1695) left an indelible mark on the fields of mathematics, physics, astronomy, and geophysics. Despite his…
groundbreaking contributions, history has often overlooked his pivotal role. While two of the most famous achievements in physics are Newton’s theory of gravity and Einstein’s general theory of relativity, less well-known is that Huygens provided central elements to these theories. This book stands to correct that deficit. For example, we show how Huygens used symmetry arguments to derive conservation laws for momentum and for energy, and what Einstein later called the principle of equivalence to derive the formula for centrifugal force. In 1689, Huygens visited Newton. Together, they walked the streets of London. Newton had recently finished his masterpiece, Principia, expounding his laws of motion and the law of universal gravitation. Huygens had essentially completed his life’s work by then, building on Archimedes, Leonardo da Vinci, Galileo, Descartes, Fermat, Pascal and his own ingenuity. He had established fame as an instrument maker (telescope, pendulum clock, planetarium). He had invented the 31 tone system. He had pioneered the first principles of remote sensing. He had discovered the rings of Saturn. He had formulated the wave theory of light. What would walking with Christiaan reveal? This book gives the result in nine chapters, namely: spontaneous order, the speed of light, Huygens’ principle, the telescope, the pendulum clock, Huygens-Fresnel principle, special relativity, centrifugal force, and curvature. In addition, there is a chapter titled What Huygens could have written on diffraction, and a chapter titled Huygens and Geophysics. Mentally walking with Christiaan, browsing his collected works — a true treasure trove for puzzle enthusiasts — and rethinking his ideas creates a vivid impression of scientific life in the 17th century, an appreciation that it is remarkably similar to ours, and an understanding of Huygens' significant and lasting contributions to science.Higher Mathematics for Science and Engineering
Par Aliakbar Montazer Haghighi, Abburi Anil Kumar, Dimitar P. Mishev. 2024
This textbook provides a comprehensive, thorough and up-to-date treatment of topics of mathematics that an engineer and scientist would need,…
at the basic levels that contents of engineering and sciences are built by. For this purpose, natural readers would be junior and senior undergraduate students, who normally have the content of this book under different names on their degree plans. Also, engineers and scientists will benefit from this book since the book is a comprehensive volume for such audiences.This book is written in a way that it balances both theory and practical applications of topics from linear algebra, matrix theory, calculus of multivariable, theory of complex variables, several transforms, ordinary and partial differential equations, difference equations, optimization, probability, statistics, theory of reliability and finally, applications from variety of areas of sciences and engineering.Politische Themen mit wissenschaftlichem Bezug werden medial immer präsenter. In Talkshows, Zeitungen und politischen Beratungsgremien finden oft Expertinnen und Experten…
mit Physikausbildung Gehör. Egal, ob es um Klimawandel, Finanzmarktcrashs, Pandemiepolitik oder erneuerbare Energien geht: wir müssen den Aussagen dieser Expertinnen und Experten blind vertrauen, wenn wir selbst kein Fachwissen besitzen. In diesem Buch werden physikalische Grundlagen hinter gesellschaftlich relevanten Themen auf eine allgemeinverständliche Weise erklärt. Dabei geht es vor allem darum, die für die Physik typischen Denkweisen klar zu machen. Auf welchen Grundlagen (Mechanik, Elektrodynamik, Quantentheorie, Feldtheorien, Relativitätstheorien, Statistische Physik) beruhen eigentlich physikalische Aussagen? Wie sind diese Grundlagen entstanden? Wie erstellt man in der Physik Modelle zur Beschreibung komplexer Themen? Was ist „Wahrheit" in Wissenschaften? Wie ist das Verhältnis von Modellen zur Wirklichkeit? Beim Beantworten dieser und vieler weiterer Fragen hat der Autor darauf geachtet, nur Mathematik vorauszusetzen, die das Niveau der Mittelstufe nicht überschreitet. Der vorliegende Band richtet sich an alle, die für Entscheidungen und Urteile ein einfaches aber solides Verständnis des physikalischen Denkens suchen: sei es im Alltag, in Unternehmen oder in der Politik.This graduate-level textbook deals with different aspects of plane mirrors and mirror-related symmetries. It provides us with some new ways…
of understanding symmetries in crystals and the mirror combination schemes. The inclusion of topics such as the Wigner–Seitz unit cell, reciprocal lattice, Brillouin zones, diffraction of crystals, etc., based on the mirror combination scheme, are extremely helpful in understanding many other concepts in crystallography. A mirror is the only fundamental symmetry in crystals, and all other permissible symmetries in crystalline solids can be derived from suitable combinations of mirrors, called derived symmetries. A rudimentary knowledge of symmetry in crystallography is essential to students, researchers, and professionals in many subjects in science and technology: physics, chemistry, mathematics, molecular biology, geology, metallurgy, and particularly materials science and mineralogy.What Is Energy?: An Answer Based on the Evolution of a Concept (History of Physics)
Par Ricardo Lopes Coelho. 2024
This book provides a solution to the problem with the energy concept. This problem manifests itself in the fact that…
physicists clearly diverge regarding the question of what energy is. Some define it but others state that we do not know what it is. Although this is a problem for physicists who need to explain the concept, it is not a problem for physics that can be solved by laboratory means. Penetrating into the origin of the notion of energy, this book offers a clear idea of what was discovered and what was invented to interpret the findings.Following the development of the concept, it provides an explanation of the trends in contemporary textbooks. The author's repetition, in his "History and Philosophy of Physics Laboratory", of Joule’s famous experiment – the paddle wheel experiment – with a calorimeter as originally used by Joule and with a calorimeter as proposed in textbooks, is presented, yielding new insight into the phenomenon. Thus, science teachers and students will benefit from reading the book as well as historians, philosophers, students of the history and philosophy of science, and all who are interested in knowing about what it is that we call energy.Critical Infrastructure Protection in the Light of the Armed Conflicts (Advanced Sciences and Technologies for Security Applications)
Par Tünde Anna Kovács, Zoltán Nyikes, Tamás Berek, Norbert Daruka, László Tóth. 2024
This book summarizes the latest findings in critical infrastructure protection and related research areas. Armed conflicts and wars are now…
closer to Europe than at any time in the last several decades, and the protection of critical infrastructures has gained new prominence. This situation has also revealed the vulnerability of critical infrastructure and the importance of its protection. The development of technologies, cybertechnologies, and digitalization in all aspects of our daily lives implies new security challenges in critical infrastructure protection and security science and this book addresses the four main dimensions of critical infrastructure protection: 1. Physical protection 2. Cybersecurity 3. Political security 4. Individual security The issue of physical security has accompanied humanity since its birth. Nowadays, this issue has become even more important due to technological advances, as this is the security area that people physically experience—physical protection, including protection against explosions and ballistic attacks, but also defense of objects and guaranteeing transportation security. Cyberspace represents the fifth domain of warfare and a central security question in our age. The base of cyberspace defense is high-quality hardware and expert support. With our lives increasingly digital, cybersecurity's core elements include safety awareness and informatics. Political security, the third dimension, is shaped by diverse political ideologies influencing economies, societies, and other aspects of life. This book explores topics such as migration policies, defense against terrorism, national and international security, and public safety.The fourth dimension, individual security, spans healthcare, food safety, energy supplies, and economic security. Each chapter of this book emphasizes security, focusing on Central Europe while addressing global concerns. Authored by researchers, experts, and scholars, this book is invaluable for Ph.D. students, professionals, and educators worldwide.The fourth dimension, individual security, spans healthcare, food safety, energy supplies, and economic security. Each chapter of this book emphasizes security, focusing on Central Europe while addressing global concerns. Authored by researchers, experts, and scholars, this book is invaluable for Ph.D. students, professionals, and educators worldwide. The fourth dimension, individual security, spans healthcare, food safety, energy supplies, and economic security. Each chapter of this book emphasizes security, focusing on Central Europe while addressing global concerns. Authored by researchers, experts, and scholars, this book is invaluable for Ph.D. students, professionals, and educators worldwide. The fourth dimension, individual security, spans healthcare, food safety, energy supplies, and economic security. Each chapter of this book emphasizes security, focusing on Central Europe while addressing global concerns. Authored by researchers, experts, and scholars, this book is invaluable for Ph.D. students, professionals, and educators worldwide. The fourth dimension, individual security, spans healthcare, food safety, energy supplies, and economic security. Each chapter of this book emphasizes security, focusing on Central Europe while addressing global concerns. Authored by researchers, experts, and scholars, this book is invaluable for Ph.D. students, professionals, and educators worldwide. The fourth dimension, individual security, spans healthcare, food safety, energy supplies, and economic security. Each chapter of this book emphasizes security, focusing on Central Europe while addressing global concerns. Authored by researchers, experts, and scholars, this book is invaluable for Ph.D. students, professionals, and educators worldwide. The fourth dimension, individual security, spans healthcare, food safetyModelling Soil Development Under Global Change (SpringerBriefs in Earth System Sciences)
Par Peter Finke. 2024
Quantitative assessments of the effects of global change on soil development are mostly focused on soil carbon, some nutrients, pollutants…
and soil water. Soil however is a complex entity with interacting biological, physical and chemical processes that are rarely modelled in its entirety. Additionally, for the sake of simplicity various soil properties are considered constants whereas in reality they are not. Soil as we observe it is the resultant of many processes driven by varying boundary conditions such as climate and organisms including men. This is not different when we study global change, thus modelling soil development under global change overlaps with modelling soil formation. This book gives an overview of what such model should entail, with ample descriptions to use SoilGen, a simulattion model to study pedogenesis.This book is part of a 2 volume book series that provides current, state-of-the-art knowledge, fundamentals of electrochemistry, design strategies,…
and future challenges in carbon-based materials for electrochemical energy production and storage devices. The key goals for nanocarbons based electrochemical devices are to provide safe operation, sustainability, high energy and power density, long working life, and reduced cost. This book describes the fundamentals and working principles of nanocarbons for basic to advanced applications for energy storage devices such as photovoltaics, electrocatalyst, and fuel cells. The book is written by leading experts in these areas making this a suitable textbook for students and providing new directions to researchers and scientists working in science and technology areas.Primes and Particles: Mathematics, Mathematical Physics, Physics
Par Martin H. Krieger. 2024
Many philosophers, physicists, and mathematicians have wondered about the remarkable relationship between mathematics with its abstract, pure, independent structures on…
one side, and the wilderness of natural phenomena on the other. Famously, Wigner found the "effectiveness" of mathematics in defining and supporting physical theories to be unreasonable, for how incredibly well it worked. Why, in fact, should these mathematical structures be so well-fitting, and even heuristic in the scientific exploration and discovery of nature? This book argues that the effectiveness of mathematics in physics is reasonable. The author builds on useful analogies of prime numbers and elementary particles, elementary structure kinship and the structure of systems of particles, spectra and symmetries, and for example, mathematical limits and physical situations. The two-dimensional Ising model of a permanent magnet and the proofs of the stability of everyday matter exemplify such effectiveness, and the power of rigorous mathematical physics. Newton is our original model, with Galileo earlier suggesting that mathematics is the language of Nature.Flexible Electronic Packaging and Encapsulation Technology
Par Hong Meng. 2024
Flexible Electronic Packaging and Encapsulation Technology A systematic introduction to the future of electronic packaging Electronic packaging materials are among…
the most important components of the broader electronics industry, capable of facilitating heat dissipation, redistributing stress on electronic components, and providing environmental protections for electronic systems. Recent advances in integrated circuits, especially the development of flexible electronic technology, have placed increasingly stringent demands on the capabilities of electronic packaging. These technologies have the potential to reshape our world, and they demand a generation of engineers capable of harnessing that potential. Flexible Electronic Packaging and Encapsulation Technology meets this demand with an introduction to the cutting-edge technologies available to package electronic components, as well as the testing methods and applications that bring these technologies to bear on the industry. These packaging technologies promise to bring lightness, flexibility, and environmental friendliness to the next generation of electronic systems. Flexible Electronic Packaging and Encapsulation Technology readers will also find: Survey of commercial electronic packaging materials and patents for reference purposesGuidelines for designing high-performance packaging materials with novel structuresAn authorial team of leading researchers in the field Flexible Electronic Packaging and Encapsulation Technology is ideal for materials scientists, electronics engineers, solid state physicists, professionals in the semiconductor industry, and any other researchers or professionals working with electronic systems.Essential College Physics Volume Ii
Par Andrew Rex, Richard Wolfson. 2021
This book effectively introduces students to critical concepts in physics in an approachable and innovative way. Throughout the text, students…
enjoy clear and concise explanations, relevant real-world examples, and problems that help them master physics fundamentals. The text begins with six chapters on electricity and magnetism, culminating with a concluding chapter on electromagnetic waves and relativity. Following this are two chapters on optics - one on geometrical optics and another on wave optics. The final four chapters cover modern physics, including quanta, atoms, nuclei, and elementary particles. Each chapter features annotated figures and detailed problem-solving strategies to help students learn and retain the material with confidence. The second edition includes a new four-color format, with color coding of pedagogical features to call greater attention to each. Additionally, new applications have been added to make select topics more current and engaging, both throughout the text and, when possible, within problem sets. Essential College Physics Volume II is part of a two-volume set. It can be used independently or in tandem with Volume I. When combined, the two texts cover a full-year course in algebra-based physics, divided either into two semesters or three quarters.Space Oddities: The Mysterious Anomalies Challenging Our Understanding of the Universe
Par Harry Cliff. 2024
Experimental physicist at CERN and acclaimed science presenter Harry Cliff offers an eye-opening account of the inexplicable phenomena that science…
has only recently glimpsed, and that could transform our understanding of the fundamental nature of reality.Something strange is going on in the cosmos. Scientists are uncovering a catalogue of weird phenomena that simply can&’t be explained by our long-established theories of the universe. Particles with unbelievable energies are bursting from beneath the Antarctic ice. Unknown forces seem to be tugging on the basic building blocks of matter. Stars are flying away from us far faster than anyone can explain. After decades of fruitless searching, could we finally be catching glimpses of a profound new view of our physical world? Or are we being fooled by cruel tricks of the data? In Space Oddities, Harry Cliff, a physicist who does cutting-edge work on the Large Hadron Collider, provides a riveting look at the universe&’s most confounding puzzles. In a journey that spans continents, from telescopes perched high above the Atacama Desert to the subterranean caverns of state-of-the-art particle colliders to balloons hovering over the frozen icesheets of the South Pole, he meets the men and women hunting for answers—who have staked their careers and reputations on the uncertain promise of new physics. The result is a mind-expanding, of-the-moment look at the fields of physics and cosmology as they transform before us. With wonder, clarity, and a dose of humor, Cliff investigates the question: Are these anomalies accidents of nature, or could they be pointing us toward vast, hidden worlds?