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Articles 1 à 20 sur 1098
Par Glenn D. Hook. 2016
Excavating the power of memory offers a succinct examination of how memory is constructed, embedded and disseminated in contemporary Japanese…
society. The unique range and perspective of this collection will provide an understanding not found elsewhere. It starts with a lucid introduction of how memory plays a political and wider social role in Japan. Four case studies follow. The first takes up the divergence in memory at the national and subnational levels by analysing the memory of the battle of Okinawa and US military accidents in Okinawa prefecture, illuminating how memory in the prefecture embeds Okinawans as victims of mainland Japan and of the United States. The second explores whether Japan’s membership of the International Criminal Court represents a shift in the Japanese government’s negative remembrance of the International Military Tribunal for the Far East, demonstrating how both courts are largely portrayed as being disconnected in political debates. The third offers an analysis of the surviving letters of the Kamikaze pilots in order to interrogate and compare their presumed identity in the dominant collective memory and their own self-identities. The fourth untangles how the ‘memory of winds’ in Japanese fishing communities remains an expression of social thought that presides over the ‘transmission of meaning’ about fishermen's geographical surroundings. This book was previously published as a special issue of the Japan Forum.Par Tim Ireland. 2024
The book establishes a correlation between architectural theory and the biosemiotic project, and suggest how this coupling establishes a framework…
leading to an architectural-biosemiotic paradigm that puts biosemiotic theory at the heart of cognising the built environment, and offers an approach to understanding and shaping the built environment that supports (and benefits) human, and organismic, spatial intelligence.Par Joachim Horvath, Thomas Grundmann. 2012
Experimental philosophy is one of the most recent and controversial developments in philosophy. Its basic idea is rather simple: to…
test philosophical thought experiments and philosophers’ intuitions about them with scientific methods, mostly taken from psychology and the social sciences. The ensuing experimental results, such as the cultural relativity of certain philosophical intuitions, has engaged – and at times infuriated – many more traditionally minded "armchair" philosophers since then. In this volume, the metaphilosophical reflection on experimental philosophy is brought yet another step forward by engaging some of its most renowned proponents and critics in a lively and controversial debate. In addition to that, the volume also contains original experimental research on personal identity and philosophical temperament, as well as state-of-the-art essays on central metaphilosophical issues, like thought experiments, the nature of intuitions, or the status of philosophical expertise. This book was originally published as a special issue of Philosophical Psychology.Par Maria Baghramian. 2013
Donald Davidson (1917-2003) was one of the most prominent philosophers of the second half of the twentieth century. His thinking…
about language, mind, and epistemology has shaped the views of several generations of philosophers. This book brings together articles by a host of prominent philosophers to provide new interpretations of Davidson’s key ideas about meaning, language and thought. The book opens with short commemorative pieces by a wide range of people who knew Davidson well, giving us glimpses into the life of a great philosopher, a beloved husband and father, a colleague, teacher and friend. The chapter by Lepore and Ludwig and the ensuing heated debate with Frederick Stoutland on how to interpret Davidson demonstrate why Davidson’s legacy has become a disputed intellectual territory. The chapters by Kathrin Glüer, Peter Pagin, Barry Smith, James Higginbotham and William Child, all eminent philosophers of language, are prime examples of just one strand of this legacy, while the piece by Sophie Gibb gives us an opening to Davidson’s enormous contribution to philosophy of mind. Donald Davidson: Life and Words closes with a piece by Davidson himself, first published in 1995 in the International Journal of Philosophical Studies, where he brings together the various strands of his work in a Unified Theory of speech and action. This book comprises key articles first published in the International Journal of Philosophical Studies and previously unpublished commemorative pieces, and serves as a fitting dedication to the work and memory of a great philosopher.Par Tsypylma Darieva, Nina Glick Schiller, Sandra Gruner-Domic. 2012
This book approaches the concept of cosmopolitan sociability as a cultural or territorial rootedness that facilitates a simultaneous openness to…
shared human emotions, experiences, and aspirations. Cosmopolitan Sociability critiques definitions of cosmopolitanism as a tolerance for cultural difference or a universalist morality that arise from contemporary experiences of mobility and globalization. Challenging these assumptions, the book explores the degree to which a 'cosmopolitan dimension' can be practised within particular religious communities, diasporic ties, or gendered migrant identities in different parts of the world. A wide variety of expert contributors offer rich ethnographic insights into the interplay of social interactions and cosmopolitan sociability. In this way the book contributes significantly to ethnic and migration studies, global anthropology, social theory, and religious and cultural studies. Cosmopolitan Sociability was originally published as a special issue of Ethnic and Racial Studies.Par Michael Funk. 2023
Künstliche Intelligenz ist zum vielschichtigen Gegenstand ethischer Debatten geworden. Ob Richtlinien fairer Digitalisierung und vertrauenswürdiger Algorithmen, Gestaltung nachhaltiger Geschäftsmodelle, informatische…
Grundbildung in Schulen oder Existenzfragen freiheitlich-demokratischer Gesellschaften – KI-Ethik steht vor komplexen Herausforderungen. Grundsätzlicher Klärungsbedarf entsteht durch die verschiedenen Zugänge, Interessen und Begrifflichkeiten, die aufeinandertreffen. Vorliegendes essential präsentiert auf zugängliche Weise wissenschaftliches Überblickswissen zur KI-Ethik. Als praktische Orientierungshilfe im komplexen Terrain dient eine thematische Topographie, einschließlich zentraler Begriffe. Zusammenhänge zwischen Industrie 5.0, Regulierung, Post- und Transhumanismus, selbstfahrenden Autos, moralischen Maschinen, nachhaltiger Digitalisierung oder dem Anthropozän werden mit Blick auf KI-Ethik systematisch sichtbar gemacht.Par Anne-Marie D’Aoust. 2015
Advanced capitalism is characterized by a level of symbolic production that not only results in a dematerialization of labor, but…
also increasingly relies on highly emotional components, ranging from consumption desire to workforce management. Feelings as varied as love, anger, and desire are integral to neoliberal processes, though not in unproblematic and monolithic ways. Whereas some accounts decry capitalism’s hold on the emotional realm, as the commodified search for soul mates through online dating sites or Starbucks’ promotion of fair-trade coffee suggest, others counter that emotions represent a privileged site of resistance to market rationality. Relying on different case studies ranging from drone strikes, the 2008 economic crisis in Ireland, and marriage migration management, this volume builds on this productive tension between subjection and resistance through the lenses of the concept of governmentality. Developed by Michel Foucault, governmentality sheds light on the ways in which economic and political life are now being managed through logics of security and economic calculations. This volume explores how individuals might become emotionally attached to regimes of power that are detrimental to them, how neoliberal processes are concomitant with the valorization of certain emotional dispositions, and how affective economies might provide a site of resistance. This book was published as a special issue of Global Society.Par David Callahan. 2007
A &“new liberal with old values&” argues nothing is the matter with Kansas—and that the Democratic party needs to lead…
America out of its moral crisis (The New York Times). In this insightful book, the author of The Cheating Culture addresses the anxieties that many Americans share, pointing out that the problems most people care about are not hot-button partisan issues like abortion and gay marriage, but rather deeper subjects that neither party is addressing—the selfishness that is careening out of control, the effect of our violent and consumerist culture on children, and our lack of a greater purpose. As Republicans veer into zealotry, liberals can find common ground with the moderate majority. But to achieve electoral victories, they need a powerful new vision. In The Moral Center, David Callahan articulates that vision—and offers an escape from the dead-end culture war. With insights garnered from in-depth research and interviews, he examines some of our most polarized conflicts and presents unexpected solutions that lay out a new road map to the American center. &“Brilliant, challenging, practical and hopeful.&” —E. J. Dionne Jr., author of Why Americans Hate Politics &“Callahan shows why progressives often seem not to have such a [moral] center, ceding values to the Right, and why they need to get one to win the political battle.&” —Benjamin R. Barber, author of Consumed and Jihad vs. McWorld &“Callahan wants . . . to create a new public morality that is concerned about both poverty and video game violence, both wages and rap lyrics. He wants to soften the jagged edges of the culture wars.&” —Michael Tomasky, The New York Review of BooksPar Maureen Sie and Derk Pereboom. 2016
Basic Desert, Reactive Attitudes and Free Will addresses the issue of whether we can make sense of the widespread conviction…
that we are morally responsible beings. It focuses on the claim that we deserve to be blamed and punished for our immoral actions, and how this claim can be justified given the philosophical and scientific reasons to believe that we lack the sort of free will required for this sort of desert. Contributions to the book distinguish between, and explore, two clusters of questions. The first asks what it is to deserve to be harmed or benefitted. What are the bases for desert – actions, good character, bad character, the omission of good character traits? The second cluster explores the disagreement between compatabilists and incompatibilists surrounding the nature of desert. Do we deserve to be harmed, benefitted, or judged, even if we lack the ability to act differently, and if we do not, what effect does this have on our everyday actions? Taken in full, this book sheds light on the notion of desert implicated in our practice of holding each other morally responsible. This book was originally published as a special issue of Philosophical Explorations.Par Rafael Winkler. 2017
At present, ‘naturalism’ is arguably the dominant trend in both Anglo-American and European philosophy. Owing to the influence of the…
works of W.V.O. Quine, Wilfred Sellars, and Hillary Putnam, among others, naturalism both as a methodological and ontological position has become one of the mainstays of contemporary analytic approaches to knowledge, mind and ethics. From the early 1990s onward, European philosophy in the English-speaking world has been witnessing a turn from the philosophies of the subjects of phenomenology, hermeneutics and existentialism and a revival of a certain kind of vitalism, whether Bergsonian or Nietzschean, and also of a certain kind of materialism that is close in spirit to Spinoza’s Ethics and to the naturalism and monism of the early Ionian thinkers. This book comprises essays written by experts in both the European and the Anglo-American traditions such as John Sallis, David Papineau, David Cerbone, Dan Zahavi, Paul Patton, Bernhard Weiss, Jack Reynolds and Benedict Smith, who explore the limit of naturalism and the debate between naturalism and phenomenology. This book also considers the relation between Deleuze’s philosophy and naturalism as well as the critique of phenomenology by speculative realism. This book was originally published as a special issue of the International Journal of Philosophical Studies.Par Chrisoula Andreou and Sergio Tenenbaum. 2017
Action theorists and formal epistemologists often pursue parallel inquiries regarding rationality, with the former focused on practical rationality, and the…
latter focused on theoretical rationality. In both fields, there is currently a strong interest in exploring rationality in relation to time. This exploration raises questions about the rationality of certain patterns over time. For example, it raises questions about the rational permissibility of certain patterns of intention; similarly, it raises questions about the rational permissibility of certain patterns of belief. While the action-theoretic and epistemic questions raised are closely related, advances in one field are not always processed by the other. This volume brings together contributions by scholars in action theory and formal epistemology working on questions regarding rationality and time so that researchers in these overlapping fields can profit from each other’s insights. This book was originally published as a special issue of the Canadian Journal of Philosophy.Par Costica Bradatan and Camil Ungureanu. 2016
Cinema has a long history of engaging with the theme of sacrifice. Given its capacity to stimulate the imagination and…
resonate across a wide spectrum of human experiences, sacrifice has always attracted filmmakers. It is on screen that the new grand narratives are sketched, the new myths rehearsed, and the old ones recycled. Sacrifice can provide stories of loss and mourning, betrayal and redemption, death and renewal, destruction and re-creation, apocalypses and the birth of new worlds.The contributors to this volume are not just scholars of film but also students of religion and literature, philosophers, ethicists, and political scientists, thus offering a comprehensive and interdisciplinary approach to the relationship between cinema and sacrifice. They explore how cinema engages with sacrifice in its many forms and under different guises, and examine how the filmic constructions, reconstructions and misconstructions of sacrifice affect society, including its sacrificial practices.This book was originally published as a special issue of Angelaki: journal of the theoretical humanities.Par Marc Hauser. 2006
“About one of the hottest new topics in intellectual life: the psychology and biology of morals. . . fascinating.” —…
Steven Pinker, Professor of Psychology, Harvard University, and author of The Language Instinct and How the Mind Works“An account of the nature of the human moral organ . . . a lucid, expert and challenging introduction.” — Noam Chomsky, Professor of Linguistics, MIT“An intellectual feast that provokes thought and should stimulate critical reflection . . . a major contribution to an ongoing debate.” — Peter Singer, Professor of Bioethics, Princeton University“The most complete attempt to bring together philosophy, anthropology, cognitive science and neuroscience... daring and wise.” — Antonio Damasio, Professor of Neuroscience, University of Southern California“The scientific exploration of morality has advanced at a breathtaking pace… [an] enjoyable book.” — Daniel Kahneman, Professor of Psychology and Public Affairs, Princeton University, and 2002 Nobel Laureate in Economics“For a wide audience...a superb overview of one of the hottest topics in the life sciences...a treat.” — Science“An audacious claim about moral thought...highly accessible to a general audience...a deeply significant intellectual contribution.” — Nature“Unlikely to disappoint.” — Nicholas Wade, New York Times“Pathbreaking... relevant to some of the most fundamental contemporary debates in philosophy and public life.” — New York Review of BooksPar Friedrich Nietzsche. 2010
Newly translated and edited by Taylor Carman, On Truth and Untruth charts Nietzsche’s evolving thinking on truth, which has exerted…
a powerful influence over modern and contemporary thought. This original collection features the complete text of the celebrated early essay “On Truth and Lie in a Nonmoral Sense” (“a keystone in Nietzsche’s thought” —Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy), as well as selections from the great philosopher’s entire career, including key passages from The Gay Science, Beyond Good and Evil, On the Genealogy of Morals, The Will to Power, Twilight of the Idols, and The Antichrist.Par Andrew Shaffer. 2012
Few people have failed at love as spectacularly as the great philosophers. Although we admire their wisdom, history is littered…
with the romantic failures of the most sensible men and women of every age, including:Friedrich Nietzsche: "Ah, women. They make the highs higher and the lows more frequent." (Rejected by everyone he proposed to, even when he kept asking and asking.)Jean-Paul Sartre: "There are of course ugly women, but I prefer those who are pretty." (Adopted his mistress as his daughter.)Louis Althusser: "The trouble is there are bodies and, worse still, sexual organs." (Accidentally strangled his wife to death.)And dozens of other great thinkers whose words we revere—but whose romantic decisions we should avoid at all costs.Includes an excerpt from Andrew Shaffer's new book Literary Rogues.Par Francisco Lara, Jan Deckers. 2023
This book presents the reader with a comprehensive and structured understanding of the ethics of Artificial Intelligence (AI). It describes…
the main ethical questions that arise from the use of AI in different areas, as well as the contribution of various academic disciplines such as legal policy, environmental sciences, and philosophy of technology to the study of AI. AI has become ubiquitous and is significantly changing our lives, in many cases, for the better, but it comes with ethical challenges. These challenges include issues with the possibility and consequences of autonomous AI systems, privacy and data protection, the development of a surveillance society, problems with the design of these technologies and inequalities in access to AI technologies. This book offers specialists an instrument to develop a rigorous understanding of the main debates in emerging ethical questions around AI. The book will be of great relevance to experts in applied and technology ethics and to students pursuing degrees in applied ethics and, more specifically, in AI ethics.Par Duane Elgin. 2000
The sequel to Duane Elgin’s bestselling classic Voluntary Simplicity, which changed the lives of thousands and was called the “bible”…
of the simplicity movement by the Wall Street Journal, Promise Ahead looks beneath the headlines to reveal the deeper currents now changing our lives. Elgin sees two powerful sets of trends converging in the coming decades. The first set he calls “adversity trends.” These include 1. Global climate changes that threaten our food supply2. Massive human population3. Mass extinction of species4. Rapid depletion of crucial natural resources 5. Civil unrest caused by global poverty. The second set he calls “opportunity trends.” These include1. Recognition of the universe as a living system2. The quiet revolution toward simpler ways of living3. Use of the Internet as a tool for social awareness and change4. Growing efforts toward reconciliation of racial, gender, religious, and other differences If we meet these unprecedented challenges, we can make a dramatic leap in our evolutionary journey and will have a very promising future.Par Rahul Kumar. 2018
Existing human beings stand in a unique relationship of asymmetrical influence over future generations. Our choices now can settle whether…
there are any human beings in the further future; how many will exist; what capacities and abilities they might have; and what the character of the natural world they inhabit is like. This volume, with contributions from both new voices and prominent, established figures in moral and political philosophy, examines three generally underexplored themes concerning morality and our relationship to future generations. First, would it be morally wrong to allow humanity to go extinct? Or do we have moral reasons to try and ensure that humanity continues into the indefinite future? Second, if humanity is to continue into the future, how many people should there be? And is it morally important whether they have lives that are of high quality or are just barely worth living? And third, how can we best make sense of the intuitive idea that by not taking action on climate change and preserving natural resources, we are in some way wronging future generations? This book was originally published as a special issue of the Canadian Journal of Philosophy.