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This book is about the social and economic setting of the Hitler era. It unveils an amazing story about the… bitter end of the German Great General Staff, the once most precise and powerful director of military policy known to the Western world, and its command in a democratic-capitalistic society.
Using both qualitative and quantitative analysis, Dr. Laird has compiled a unique catalog of data on every member of the… Politburo since 1917. Central to the analysis is a "change index" that provides a running measure of politically motivated changes in Politburo membership. Examining continuities and changes in the Politburo over the years, the author shows that within each of the major leadership eras there were important subperiods marking significant policy changes. He also uses the index, along with other empirical measures, to explain successes and failures of specific policy initiatives. In the final chapters, Dr. Laird identifies the major constraints facing the post-Brezhnev leadership and offers evidence that Gorbachev will likely attempt major economic and administrative reforms, especially in the critical area of agriculture. Because Gorbachev does not yet have the "votes" to initiate reforms, however, major efforts cannot be expected until later in the 1980s when a second period of "the Gorbachev era" is expected to begin.
In the past two decades, environmental pollution and natural resource shortages have evoked increasing concern in the Soviet Union and… Eastern Europe. The emerging ecological crisis has challenged many common assumptions in the Soviet bloc, as in the West. This book provides, for the first time, a detailed and comprehensive analysis of the ecology debate in the USSR and its highly industrialized ally, the German Democratic Republic (GDR). Based on a thorough examination of the Soviet and GDR sources, Dr. DeBardeleben explores the authorities' attempts to explain the problem to their populations. She also examines the viewpoints of scientists, writers, and scholars, with special attention to economic dimensions of the ecology debate. The study reveals the increasing sophistication of specialists in influencing public policy by adapting official values to support their positions. Through comparison of the Soviet and East German cases, the study clarifies the impact of natural resource endowment and legitimacy dilemmas on treatment of the ecology issue. The book demonstrates that Marxist-Leninist values subtly affect Soviet and GDR responses, but at the same time the environmental crisis is forcing a reevaluation of some aspects of Marxist-Leninist theory and ideology itself.
Originally published in English in 1986, these volumes are far more than the story of the life of a powerful… statesman. The name Bismarck sums up the entire political, social, economic and intellectual development of central Europe in the second half of the 19th Century and the internal and external shape that Germany then assumed. These books analyse how much of this was Bismarck’s personal achievement or whether he was the man who put the nation on the disastrously wrong course that reached its fateful culmination in 1933? They examine whether Bismarck’s success was precisely because he implemented policies for which the time was ripe and did so in ways that were in harmony with the historical evolution of central Europe.
This book is a unique source of information about U.S. troop involvement in South Vietnam from 1965 to 1972. It… stresses that Vietnam was a war without fronts or battle lines—a war different from any that the United States had previously fought.
The emergence of a sense of the past in Renaissance humanism gave rise to a new historical consciousness about the… meaning of history and methods of historical enquiry. This book, originally published in 1986, provides an in-depth critical introduction to the historical thought of some of the most influential thinkers of Western culture, from Machiavelli’s reflections on history and power to the revolutionary intuitions of Giambattista Vico’s New Science of historical understanding, taking in Bodin, Montaigne, Bacon, Descartes, Hobbes, Locke, Newton, Leibniz and Bayle on the way.
A major synthesis of current research on the three wars fought by France during the Revolution - against Austria and… Prussia; Britain, Spain and the United Provinces; and against the Second Coalition.contains analysis of the theories of war including Clausewitz, and the role of ideology
This title, first published in 1985, examines the evolution of the laws relating to debt and credit during the industrial… revolution. Since economic activity was so precarious during the industrial revolution it is important to explore the legal procedures designed to deal with its victims. This work examines two aspects of financial collapse during the industrial revolution: the legal and institutional framework which defined and regulated it, and bankruptcy itself. This title will be of interest to students of history, law and economics.
This book, first published in 1986, surveys the history of rural society in Germany from the eighteenth century to the… present day. The contributions include studies of Junker estates and small farming communities, serfs and landless labourers, maidservants and worker-peasants. They demonstrate the variety and complexity of the social division that structures the rural economy. Throughout the book there is an emphasis on the conflicts that divided rural society, and the ways and means in which these were expressed, whether in serf strikes in eighteenth-century Brandenburg, village gossip in early twentieth-century Hesse, or factional struggles over planning permission in present-day Swabia. The rural world emerges not as traditional, passive and undifferentiated , but as actively participating in its own making; not only responding to the changes going on around it, but exploiting them for its own purposes and influencing them in its own way. This book is ideal for students of history, particularly German history.
In this title, first published in 1985, Michael Bristol draws on several theoretical and critical traditions to study the nature… and purpose of theatre as a social institution: on Marxism, and its revisions in the work of Mikhail Bakhtin; on the theories of Emile Durkheim and their adaptations in the work of Victor Turner; and on the history of social life and material culture as practiced by the Annales school. This valuable work is an important contribution to literary criticism, theatre studies and social history and has particular importance for scholars interested in the dramatic literature of Elizabethan England.
First published in 1986, this book examines poverty and changing attitudes towards the poor and charity across England, France and… Italy. It discusses the causes of poverty and the distinctions between the poor and the class-conscious proletariat. Taking early nineteenth-century Italy as a special study, it uses the exceptionally rich documentary sources from this time to examine such issues as charity, repression, the reasons why families suffered poverty and what strategies they adopted for survival. In this study, Stuart Woolf takes full account of recent work in historical demography and in sociological studies of poverty and the welfare state to produce this original and thoughtful work. This book will be of interest to those studying the history of poverty, class and the welfare state.
This title, first published in 1986, develops the story of American woollen manufacture reaching far back in time to establish… the very traditional nature of the fabrication of woollen cloths. Although traditional techniques changed slowly, particularly in England, circumstances and conditions changed rapidly in the United States during the Napoleonic Wars. Americans had more surplus capital to invest; they had abundant natural resources; and many American merchants and manufacturers sought independence from European goods and services. This title will be of interest to students of economic and American history.
First published in 1986. The free market is often associated with liberty and individualism, and this connection has been made… for more centuries than is generally realised. This essays collected in this book trace the development, importance and influence of the market as a dominating component of the shared human life from classical antiquity to the present. The authors, from various backgrounds, keep constantly in view the moral and political questions raised by the role of markets, as well as laying out succinctly what can be known or deduced about the actual operation of the market in Western and other cultures. This book will be of interest to students of economics and history.
This is the fascinating biography, first published in 1985, of the remarkable Bengali religious leader Swami Pranavananda who lived in… the turbulent years of the early twentieth century. The story of his life has to some extent been eclipsed by the struggle for Indian independence, but his extraordinary personal qualities, his determined asceticism, his high ideals of social service and commitment to Hindu solidarity all serve to set him apart from his contemporaries and entitle him to be better known by political and religious historians of the period.
In this reissued collection of essays, first published in 1985, Paul Q. Hirst assesses the limits of the Marxist theory… of history in its various versions. It begins with an extended critical discussion of Perry Anderson and Edward Thompson, and includes chapters on G.A Cohen’s attempt to re-state the Marxist theory of history in terms compatible with analytic philosophy, on R.G. Collingwood’s theory of history, on Anderson’s work on Absolutism, on Thompson’s Poverty of Theory, and on the contemporary politics of democratic socialism.
People from the Indian sub-continent have been in Britain since the end of the seventeenth century. The presence of princes… and maharajahs is well documented but this book, first published in 1986, was the first account of the ordinary people in Britain. This book will be of interest to students of history.
