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Active tectonics of the Hellenic subduction zone (Springer Theses)
Par Beth Shaw. 2011
This thesis is remarkable for the wide range of the techniques and observations used and for its insights which…
cross several disciplines It begins by solving a famous puzzle of the ancient world which is what was responsible for the tsunami that destroyed settlements in the eastern Mediterranean in 365 AD By radiocarbon dating of preserved marine organisms Shaw demonstrates that the whole of western Crete was lifted out of the sea by up to 10 meters in a massive earthquake at that time which occured on a previously unknown fault The author shows that the resulting tsunami would have the characteristics described by ancient writers and uses modern GPS measurements and coastline geomorphology to show that the strain build-up near Crete requires such a tsunami-earthquake about every 6 000 years - a major insight into Mediterranean tsunami hazard A detailed seismological study of earthquakes in the Cretan arc over the last 50 years reveals other important features of its behaviour that were previously unknown Finally she provides fundamental insights into the limitations of radiocarbon dating marine organisms relating to how they secrete carbon into their skeletons The thesis resulted in three major papers in top journalsForcefields for Atomistic-Scale Simulations: Materials and Applications (Lecture Notes in Applied and Computational Mechanics #99)
Par Akarsh Verma, Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa, Shigenobu Ogata, Suchart Siengchin. 2022
This book describes the forcefields/interatomic potentials that are used in the atomistic-scale and molecular dynamics simulations. It covers mechanisms, salient…
features, formulations, important aspects and case studies of various forcefields utilized for characterizing various materials (such as nuclear materials and nanomaterials) and applications. This book gives many help to students and researchers who are studying the forcefield potentials and introduces various applications of atomistic-scale simulations to professors who are researching molecular dynamics.Quantum and Blockchain for Modern Computing Systems: Quantum and Blockchain Technologies: Current Trends and Challenges (Lecture Notes on Data Engineering and Communications Technologies #133)
Par Adarsh Kumar, Sukhpal Singh Gill, Ajith Abraham. 2022
This book states that blockchain technology provides a secure distributed, peer-to-peer, and decentralized network with advanced cryptography primitives and protocols.…
The important question that arises in the quantum computing world is to test the existing blockchain networks against quantum attacks and design quantum computing enabled secure blockchain solutions. This book encourages professionals from different fields to provide blockchain and quantum technology-integrated solutions that incorporate low-cost, effective QoS, fast, secure, and futuristic demands. This book has surveyed and proposed approaches that improve quantum computing and cryptography protocols. Quantum computing and quantum science are not just helpful in software but the hardware world as well. To design networks with quantum science, quantum-enabled devices like quantum memories and quantum repeaters can be useful to demonstrate for organizations. For example, designing a single quantum repeater for long-distance quantum communication is useful in reducing the network cost, and ensuring better security levels. This book has introduced the quantum computing and blockchain technology aspects, their integration approaches and future directions.Nanomaterials: Basics to Applications
Par Yarub Al-Douri. 2022
This book includes the synthesis, analysis and characterization of nanomaterials that are an important ingredient in nanotechnologies. Nanomaterials contain nanoparticles,…
smaller than 100 nanometers in at least one dimension. Nanomaterials are coming into use in health care, electronics, cosmetics and other areas. Their physical and chemical properties differ from those of bulk materials. This needs to cover health risks to workers and potential risks to environment. This is currently done on a case-by-case basis, but risk assessment methods need to be kept up to date as the use of nanomaterials expands, especially as they find their way into consumer products. This book covers the basics to advanced applications of nanomaterials and provides a useful resource for researchers and professionals in the field. Mathematical Modeling of Shock-Wave Processes in Condensed Matter: From Statistical Thermodynamics to Control Theory (Shock Wave and High Pressure Phenomena)
Par Tatiana Aleksandrovna Khantuleva. 2022
This book offers an interdisciplinary theoretical approach based on non-equilibrium statistical thermodynamics and control theory for mathematically modeling shock-induced out-of-equilibrium…
processes in condensed matter. The book comprises two parts. The first half of the book establishes the theoretical approach, reviewing fundamentals of non-equilibrium statistical thermodynamics and control theory of adaptive systems. The latter half applies the presented approach to a problem on shock-induced plane wave propagation in condensed matter. The result successfully reproduces the observed feature of waveform propagation in experiments, which conventional continuous mechanics cannot access. Further, the consequent stress–strain relationships derived with relaxation and inertia effect in elastic–plastic transition determines material properties in transient regimes.Casimir Physics (Lecture Notes in Physics #834)
Par Diego Dalvit, Felipe Rosa, Peter Milonni. 2010
Casimir effects serve as primary examples of directly observable manifestations of the nontrivial properties of quantum fields and as…
such are attracting increasing interest from quantum field theorists particle physicists and cosmologists Furthermore though very weak except at short distances Casimir forces are universal in the sense that all material objects are subject to them They are thus also an increasingly important part of the physics of atom-surface interactions while in nanotechnology they are being investigated not only as contributors to stiction but also as potential mechanisms for actuating micro-electromechanical devices While the field of Casimir physics is expanding rapidly it has reached a level of maturity in some important respects on the experimental side where most sources of imprecision in force measurements have been identified as well as on the theoretical side where for example semi-analytical and numerical methods for the computation of Casimir forces between bodies of arbitrary shape have been successfully developed This book is then a timely and comprehensive guide to the essence of Casimir and Casimir-Polder physics that will have lasting value serving the dual purpose of an introduction and reference to the field While this volume is not intended to be a unified textbook but rather a collection of largely independent chapters written by prominent experts in the field the detailed and carefully written articles adopt a style that should appeal to non-specialist researchers in the field as well as to a broader audience of graduate studentsAstronomy: A Beginner's Guide (Beginner's Guides)
Par William H. Waller. 2022
To study astronomy is to consider the most wondrous phenomena on the grandest of scales – the universe and all…
it contains. Beginning with our earliest explorations of the night sky, William Waller takes us on an enthralling journey through the Milky Way and far, far beyond. He combines science and history to show how our understanding of everything from black holes to the structure of the universe has evolved over time, illuminating past discoveries and offering contemporary insights into the cosmic histories of stars, planets and galaxies. Whether object of study or curiosity, the universe – and all it contains – is tantalisingly introduced here.Active Galactic Nuclei
Par Françoise Combes. 2022
All galaxies host a super-massive black hole in their center. These black holes grow their mass in symbiosis with their…
host galaxy and moderate their star formation. When matter is driven towards the nucleus, an accretion disk is formed to transfer angular momentum and considerable energy is released when the material falls into the black hole: this is the phenomenon of active galactic nuclei (AGN). A nucleus can shine one thousand times more brightly than the entire galaxy with its 200 billion stars. The nuclear activity can take many forms, from very powerful quasars to more ordinary Seyfert galaxies, passing by radio-galaxies, which eject a collimated plasma at ten times the radius of the galaxy.This book examines all of these manifestations and presents a unified view. When two galaxies merge, a binary black hole is formed and the two black holes will spiral inwards and merge, emitting long gravitational waves, which could be detected by the future LISA satellite.Mesh Adaptation for Computational Fluid Dynamics, Volume 2: Unsteady and Goal-oriented Adaptation
Par Alain Dervieux, Frederic Alauzet, Adrien Loseille, Bruno Koobus. 2022
Simulation technology, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in particular, is essential in the search for solutions to the modern challenges…
faced by humanity. Revolutions in CFD over the last decade include the use of unstructured meshes, permitting the modeling of any 3D geometry. New frontiers point to mesh adaptation, allowing not only seamless meshing (for the engineer) but also simulation certification for safer products and risk prediction.Mesh Adaptation for Computational Dynamics 2 is the second of two volumes and introduces topics including optimal control formulation, minimizing a goal function, and extending the steady algorithm to unsteady physics. Also covered are multi-rate strategies, steady inviscid flows in aeronautics and an extension to viscous flows.This book will be useful to anybody interested in mesh adaptation pertaining to CFD, especially researchers, teachers and students.This short and concise primer takes the vantage point of theoretical physics and the unity of physics. It sets out…
to strip the burgeoning field of quantum information science to its basics by linking it to universal concepts in physics. An extensive lecture rather than a comprehensive textbook, this volume is based on courses delivered over several years to advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students, but essentially it addresses anyone with a working knowledge of basic quantum physics. Readers will find these lectures a most adequate entry point for theoretical studies in this field. For the second edition, the authors has succeeded in adding many new topics while sticking to the conciseness of the overall approach. A new chapter on qubit thermodynamics has been added, while new sections and subsections have been incorporated in various chapter to deal with weak and time-continuous measurements, period-finding quantum algorithms and quantum error corrections. From the reviews of the first edition: "The best things about this book are its brevity and clarity. In around 100 pages it provides a tutorial introduction to quantum information theory, including problems and solutions. ... it's worth a look if you want to quickly get up to speed with the language and central concepts of quantum information theory, including the background classical information theory." (Craig Savage, Australian Physics, Vol. 44 (2), 2007)Terahertz Antenna Technology for Space Applications (SpringerBriefs in Electrical and Computer Engineering)
Par Balamati Choudhury, Aniruddha R. Sonde, Rakesh Mohan Jha. 2016
This book explores the terahertz antenna technology towards implementation of compact, consistent and cheap terahertz sources, as well as the…
high sensitivity terahertz detectors. The terahertz EM band provides a transition between the electronic and the photonic regions thus adopting important characteristics from these regimes. These characteristics, along with the progress in semiconductor technology, have enabled researchers to exploit hitherto unexplored domains including satellite communication, bio-medical imaging, and security systems. The advances in new materials and nanostructures such as graphene will be helpful in miniaturization of antenna technology while simultaneously maintaining the desired output levels. Terahertz antenna characterization of bandwidth, impedance, polarization, etc. has not yet been methodically structured and it continues to be a major research challenge. This book addresses these issues besides including the advances of terahertz technology in space applications worldwide, along with possibilities of using this technology in deep space networks.Die Physik der Musik und ihrer Instrumente Was unterscheidet ein Geräusch von einem Ton? Warum gibt es unterschiedliche Tonleitern? Weshalb…
klingt ein Xylophon anders als ein Saxophon? Man höre und staune: Die Antworten darauf gibt die Physik – in enger Zusammenarbeit mit der Mathematik und der menschlichen Physiologie. Bereits mit einfachen physikalischen Grundlagen zu Schwingungen und Wellen – Schall ist letztendlich nichts anderes als Wellen, die sich in einem Medium ausbreiten – und wenigen mathematischen Formeln eröffnet sich ein ganz neuer, faszinierender Blick auf die Musik. Iván Egry zeigt, dass Physik und Musik mehr miteinander zu tun haben, als man sich gemeinhin vorstellt. Die Leserinnen und Leser erhalten einen leicht verständlichen Einblick in die Grundlagen der Akustik – Wellengleichung und Schallausbreitung – und der Musiktheorie – Notenschrift, Intervalle, Stimmungen –, bevor es ans Eingemachte geht: Mit Beispielen illustriert, befasst sich der umfangreichste Teil des Buches mit der Tonerzeugung durch Saiten-, Holz- und Blechblasinstrumente und dem faszinierenden Zusammenwirken zwischen Material, Konstruktion und Spielweise, das beim Solo-, Ensemble- oder Orchesterspiel zu dem Klangeindruck führt, der uns emotional so berührt. Dies ist das Buch für: Physikinteressierte, die mehr über Musik wissen möchten Musikinteressierte, die mehr über die physikalischen Grundlagen ihres Metiers wissen möchten Alle, die Spaß an beidem haben!Recent Advances in Metrology: Select Proceedings of AdMet 2021 (Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering #906)
Par Sanjay Yadav, K. P. Chaudhary, Ajay Gahlot, Yogendra Arya, Aman Dahiya, Naveen Garg. 2023
This book presents the select proceedings of the 7th National Conference on Advances in Metrology (AdMet 2021) organized by Maharaja…
Surajmal Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India. The main theme of the conference was "Sensors and Advance Materials for Measurement and Quality Improvement". The book highlights and discusses the technological developments in the areas of sensor technology, measurement, advance material for industrial application, automation and quality control. This book is aimed for all the personnel engaged in conformity assessment, quality system management, calibration and testing in all sectors of industry. The book will be a valuable reference for metrologists, scientists, engineers, academicians and students from research institutes and industrial establishments to explore the future directions in the areas of sensors, advance materials, measurement and quality improvement.This edited collection provides new perspectives on some metaphysical questions arising in quantum mechanics. These questions have been long-standing and…
are of continued interest to researchers and graduate students working in physics, philosophy of physics, and metaphysics. It features contributions from a diverse set of researchers, ranging from senior scholars to junior academics, working in varied fields, from physics to philosophy of physics and metaphysics. The contributors reflect on issues about fundamentality (is quantum theory fundamental? If so, what is its fundamental ontology?), ontological dependence (how do ordinary objects exist even if they are not fundamental?), realism (what kind of realism is compatible with quantum theory?), indeterminacy (can the world itself exhibit ontological indeterminacy?). The book contains contributions from both physicists (including Nobel Prize winner Gerard 't Hooft), science communicators and philosophers.Computational Multiscale Modeling of Fluids and Solids: Theory and Applications (Graduate Texts in Physics)
Par Martin Oliver Steinhauser. 2022
The expanded 3rd edition of this established textbook offers an updated overview and review of the computational physics techniques used…
in materials modelling over different length and time scales. It describes in detail the theory and application of some of the most important methods used to simulate materials across the various levels of spatial and temporal resolution. Quantum mechanical methods such as the Hartree-Fock approximation for solving the Schrödinger equation at the smallest spatial resolution are discussed as well as the Molecular Dynamics and Monte-Carlo methods on the micro- and meso-scale up to macroscopic methods used predominantly in the Engineering world such as Finite Elements (FE) or Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH). Extensively updated throughout, this new edition includes additional sections on polymer theory, statistical physics and continuum theory, the latter being the basis of FE methods and SPH. Each chapter now first provides an overview of the key topics covered, with a new “key points” section at the end. The book is aimed at beginning or advanced graduate students who want to enter the field of computational science on multi-scales. It provides an in-depth overview of the basic physical, mathematical and numerical principles for modelling solids and fluids on the micro-, meso-, and macro-scale. With a set of exercises, selected solutions and several case studies, it is a suitable book for students in physics, engineering, and materials science, and a practical reference resource for those already using materials modelling and computational methods in their research.AI for Physics (AI for Everything)
Par Volker Knecht. 2022
Written in accessible language without mathematical formulas, this short book provides an overview of the wide and varied applications of…
artificial intelligence (AI) across the spectrum of physical sciences. Focusing in particular on AI's ability to extract patterns from data, known as machine learning (ML), the book includes a chapter on important machine learning algorithms and their respective applications in physics. It then explores the use of ML across a number of important sub-fields in more detail, ranging from particle, molecular and condensed matter physics, to astrophysics, cosmology and the theory of everything. The book covers such applications as the search for new particles and the detection of gravitational waves from the merging of black holes, and concludes by discussing what the future may hold.Physics of Everyday Phenomena (Eighth Edition)
Par W. Thomas Griffith, Juliet W. Brosing. 2015
The Physics of Everyday Phenomena, Eighth Edition, introduces students to the basic concepts of physics using examples of common occurrences…
in everyday life. Intended for use in a one-semester or two-semester course in conceptual physics, this book is written in a narrative style, frequently using questions designed to draw the reader into a dialogue about the ideas of physics. This inclusive style allows the book to be used by anyone interested in exploring the nature of physics and explanations of everyday physical phenomena. Beginning students will benefit from the large number of student aids and the reduced math content. Professors will appreciate the organization of the material and the wealth of pedagogical tools.The Cortex and the Critical Point: Understanding the Power of Emergence
Par John M. Beggs. 2022
How the cerebral cortex operates near a critical phase transition point for optimum performance.Individual neurons have limited computational powers, but…
when they work together, it is almost like magic. Firing synchronously and then breaking off to improvise by themselves, they can be paradoxically both independent and interdependent. This happens near the critical point: when neurons are poised between a phase where activity is damped and a phase where it is amplified, where information processing is optimized, and complex emergent activity patterns arise. The claim that neurons in the cortex work best when they operate near the critical point is known as the criticality hypothesis. In this book John Beggs—one of the pioneers of this hypothesis—offers an introduction to the critical point and its relevance to the brain.Drawing on recent experimental evidence, Beggs first explains the main ideas underlying the criticality hypotheses and emergent phenomena. He then discusses the critical point and its two main consequences—first, scale-free properties that confer optimum information processing; and second, universality, or the idea that complex emergent phenomena, like that seen near the critical point, can be explained by relatively simple models that are applicable across species and scale. Finally, Beggs considers future directions for the field, including research on homeostatic regulation, quasicriticality, and the expansion of the cortex and intelligence. An appendix provides technical material; many chapters include exercises that use freely available code and data sets.Taxi from Another Planet: Conversations with Drivers about Life in the Universe
Par Charles S. Cockell. 2022
Insightful, good-humored essays on the possibilities of alien life and the uses of space exploration, based on an astrobiologist’s everyday…
conversations with his fellow humans—taxi drivers, to be precise.If you’ve ever sat in the back seat of a taxi, you know that cabbies like to talk. Sports or politics, your job or theirs, taxi drivers are fine conversationalists on just about any topic. And when the passenger is astrobiologist Charles Cockell, that topic is usually space and what, if anything, lives out there.Inspired by conversations with drivers all over the world, Taxi from Another Planet tackles the questions that everyday people have about the cosmos and our place in it. Will we understand aliens? What if there isn’t life out in the universe? Is Mars our Plan B? And why is the government spending tax dollars on space programs anyway? Each essay in this genial collection takes questions like these as a starting point on the way to a range of insightful, even poignant, observations. Cockell delves into debates over the inevitability of life and looks to both human history and scientific knowledge to consider what first contact will be like and what we can expect from spacefaring societies. He also offers a forceful argument for the sympathies between space exploration and environmentalism.A shrewd and entertaining foray into the most fundamental mysteries, Taxi from Another Planet brings together the wisdom of scientific experts and their fellow citizens of Earth, the better to understand how life might unfold elsewhere.This book addresses new ways to optimize the fabrication process and performance of iron-based superconducting wires and tapes based on…
the powder-in-tube (PIT) method. Further, it systemically analyzes and enhances the current-carrying ability of wire and tape conductors with regard to chemical addition, mechanical deformation, and heat treatment. The microstructure of the superconducting cores is studied by means of the magneto-optical imaging technique, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and flux pinning analysis. This book will benefits all students, researchers, and technical personnel who work in superconducting materials, applied superconductivity, and the power industry.