Résultats de recherche de titre
Articles 2301 à 2320 sur 3761
Mound Centers and Seed Security
Par Natalie Mueller. 2013
At Middle Woodland sites in the eastern United States excavations have uncovered naturalistic art worked on exotic materials from…
points as distant Wyoming Ontario and the Gulf Coast revealing a network of ritual exchange referred to as the Hopewell phenomenon Simultaneously Middle Woodland societies developed the earliest agricultural system in eastern North American using now-extinct native cultivars Mound Centers and Seed Security A Comparative Analysis of Botanical Assemblages from Middle Woodland Sites in the Lower Illinois Valley integrates an interpretation of these two historical trends Unlike most journal articles on related subjects the volume includes a lengthy review of literature on both Hopewell studies and Middle Woodland agriculture making it a useful resource for researchers starting out in either field Synthesizing both original research and research reported in archaeological grey literature Mound Centers and Seed Security A Comparative Analysis of Botanical Assemblages from Middle Woodland Sites in the Lower Illinois Valley is a valuable tool for researchers and teachers alikeStonehenge - A New Understanding: Solving the Mysteries of the Greatest Stone Age Monument
Par Mike Parker Pearson. 2013
Stonehenge stands as an enduring link to our prehistoric ancestors, yet the secrets it has guarded for thousands of years…
have long eluded us. Until now, the millions of enthusiasts who flock to the iconic site have made do with mere speculation—about Stonehenge’s celestial significance, human sacrifice, and even aliens and druids. One would think that the numerous research expeditions at Stonehenge had left no stone unturned. Yet, before the Stonehenge Riverside Project—a hugely ambitious, seven-year dig by today’s top archaeologists—all previous digs combined had only investigated a fraction of the monument, and many records from those earlier expeditions are either inaccurate or incomplete.Stonehenge—A New Understanding rewrites the story. From 2003 to 2009, author Mike Parker Pearson led the Stonehenge Riverside Project, the most comprehensive excavation ever conducted around Stonehenge. The project unearthed a wealth of fresh evidence that had gone untouched since prehistory. Parker Pearson uses that evidence to present a paradigm-shifting theory of the true significance that Stonehenge held for its builders—and mines his field notes to give you a you-are-there view of the dirt, drama, and thrilling discoveries of this history-changing archaeological dig.From Tools to Symbols: From Early Hominids to Modern Humans
Par Francesco D’Errico, Lucinda Backwell, Bernard Malauzat. 2005
A number of researchers have tried to characterise the anatomy and behavioural systems of early hominid and early modern human…
populations in an attempt to understand how we became what we are. Can archaeology, palaeo-anthropology and genetics tell us how and when human cultures developed the traits that make our societies different from those of our closest living relatives? In which cases are these differences substantial, and when do they simply reflect our definitions of culture, species, the image we have of their evolution or of ourselves? From Tools to Symbols, a collection of twenty-seven selected papers from a South African-French conference organised in honour of the well-known palaeo-anthropologist Phillip Tobias, provides a multidisciplinary overview of this field of study. It is based on collaborative research conducted in sub-Saharan Africa by South African, French, American and German scholars in the last twenty years, and represents an excellent synthesis of the palaeontological and archaeological evidence of the last five million years of human evolution.Five Hundred Years Rediscovered: Southern African precedents and prospects
Par Phil Bonner, Natalie Swanepoel, Amanda Esterhuysen. 1983
In the age of the African Renaissance, southern Africa has needed to reinterpret the past in fresh and more appropriate…
ways. The last 500 years represent a strikingly unexplored and misrepresented period which remains disfigured by colonial/apartheid assumptions, most notably in the way that African societies are depicted as fixed, passive, isolated, un-enterprising and unenlightened. This period is one the most formative in relation to southern Africa?s past while remaining, in many ways, the least known. Key cultural contours of the sub-continent took shape, while in a jagged and uneven fashion some of the features of modern identities emerged. Enormous internal economic innovation and political experimentation was taking place at the same time as expanding European mercantile forces started to press upon southern African shores and its hinterlands. This suggests that interaction, flux and mixing were a strong feature of the period, rather than the homogeneity and fixity proposed in standard historical and archaeological writings. Five Hundred Years Rediscovered represents the first step, taken by a group of archaeologists and historians, to collectively reframe, revitalise and re-examine the last 500 years. By integrating research and developing trans-frontier research networks, the group hopes to challenge thinking about the region?s expanding internal and colonial frontiers, and to broaden current perceptions about southern Africa?s colonial past.Evolution of Land and Life in Oman: an 800 Million Year Story
Par Mohammed Hilal Al Kindi. 2018
This book takes readers on a fascinating journey to discover the story of land and ancient life evolution in Oman…
since at least 800 million years ago. Oman is well known for its marvelous geology. What tectonics affected this part of the world and what organisms lived there? How did the climate and life develop? Did life forms become more complex and varied or become extinct and disappear forever? The book thoroughly reconstructs this land and ancient life evolution and offers readers an understanding on how land, climate and life have proceeded and developed in Oman through the millions of years.Agent-based Modeling and Simulation in Archaeology (Advances in Geographic Information Science)
Par Gabriel Wurzer, Kerstin Kowarik, Hans Reschreiter. 2015
Archaeology has been historically reluctant to embrace the subject of agent-based simulation since it was seen as being used…
to re-enact and visualize possible scenarios for a wider generally non-scientific audience based on scarce and fuzzy data Furthermore modeling in exact terms and programming as a means for producing agent-based simulations were simply beyond the field of the social sciences This situation has changed quite drastically with the advent of the internet age Data it seems is now ubiquitous Researchers have switched from simply collecting data to filtering selecting and deriving insights in a cybernetic manner Agent-based simulation is one of the tools used to glean information from highly complex excavation sites according to formalized models capturing essential properties in a highly abstract and yet spatial manner As such the goal of this book is to present an overview of techniques used and work conducted in that field drawing on the experience of practitionersThe Monastic Landscape of Late Antique Egypt: An Archaeological Reconstruction
Par Hedstrom, Darlene L. Brooks. 2017
Darlene L. Brooks Hedstrom offers a new history of the field of Egyptian monastic archaeology. It is the first study…
in English to trace how scholars identified a space or site as monastic within the Egyptian landscape and how such identifications impacted perceptions of monasticism. Brooks Hedstrom then provides an ecohistory of Egypt's tripartite landscape to offer a reorientation of the perception of the physical landscape. She analyzes late-antique documentary evidence, early monastic literature, and ecclesiastical history before turning to the extensive archaeological evidence of Christian monastic settlements. In doing so, she illustrates the stark differences between idealized monastic landscape and the actual monastic landscape that was urbanized through monastic constructions. Drawing upon critical theories in landscape studies, materiality and phenomenology, Brooks Hedstrom looks at domestic settlements of non-monastic and monastic settlements to posit what features makes monastic settlements unique, thus offering a new history of monasticism in Egypt.Beardmore: The Viking Hoax That Rewrote History (Carleton Library Series #246)
Par Douglas Hunter. 2018
In 1936, long before the discovery of the Viking settlement at L'Anse aux Meadows, the Royal Ontario Museum made a…
sensational acquisition: the contents of a Viking grave that prospector Eddy Dodd said he had found on his mining claim east of Lake Nipigon. The relics remained on display for two decades, challenging understandings of when and where Europeans first reached the Americas. In 1956 the discovery was exposed as an unquestionable hoax, tarnishing the reputation of the museum director, Charles Trick Currelly, who had acquired the relics and insisted on their authenticity. Drawing on an array of archival sources, Douglas Hunter reconstructs the notorious hoax and its many players. Beardmore unfolds like a detective story as the author sifts through the voluminous evidence and follows the efforts of two unlikely debunkers, high-school teacher Teddy Elliott and government geologist T.L. Tanton, who find themselves up against Currelly and his scholarly allies. Along the way, the controversy draws in a who’s who of international figures in archaeology, Scandinavian studies, and the museum world, including anthropologist Edmund Carpenter, whose mid-1950s crusade against the find’s authenticity finally convinced scholars and curators that the grave was a fraud. Shedding light on museum practices and the state of the historical and archaeological professions in the mid-twentieth century, Beardmore offers an unparalleled view inside a major museum scandal to show how power can be exercised across professional networks and hamper efforts to arrive at the truth.Questioning Collapse
Par Patricia A. Mcanany, Norman Yoffee. 2010
Questioning Collapse challenges those scholars and popular writers who advance the thesis that societies - past and present - collapse…
because of behavior that destroyed their environments or because of overpopulation. In a series of highly accessible and closely argued essays, a team of internationally recognized scholars bring history and context to bear in their radically different analyses of iconic events, such as the deforestation of Easter Island, the cessation of the Norse colony in Greenland, the faltering of nineteenth-century China, the migration of ancestral peoples away from Chaco Canyon in the American southwest, the crisis and resilience of Lowland Maya kingship, and other societies that purportedly 'collapsed'. Collectively, these essays demonstrate that resilience in the face of societal crises, rather than collapse, is the leitmotif of the human story from the earliest civilizations to the present. Scrutinizing the notion that Euro-American colonial triumphs were an accident of geography, Questioning Collapse also critically examines the complex historical relationship between race and political labels of societal 'success' and 'failure'.Quaternary of the Levant: Environments, Climate Change, and Humans
Par Yehouda Enzel, Ofer. 2017
Quaternary of the Levant presents up-to-date research achievements from a region that displays unique interactions between the climate, the environment…
and human evolution. Focusing on southeast Turkey, Lebanon, Syria, Jordan and Israel, it brings together over eighty contributions from leading researchers to review 2. 5 million years of environmental change and human cultural evolution. Information from prehistoric sites and palaeoanthropological studies contributing to our understanding of 'out of Africa' migrations, Neanderthals, cultures of modern humans, and the origins of agriculture are assessed within the context of glacial-interglacial cycles, marine isotope cycles, plate tectonics, geochronology, geomorphology, palaeoecology and genetics. Complemented by overview summaries that draw together the findings of each chapter, the resulting coverage is wide-ranging and cohesive. The cross-disciplinary nature of the volume makes it an invaluable resource for academics and advanced students of Quaternary science and human prehistory, as well as being an important reference for archaeologists working in the region.Colonization and Subalternity in Classical Greece: Experience of the Nonelite Population
Par Gabriel Zuchtriegel. 2018
In this book, Gabriel Zuchtriegel explores and reconstructs the unwritten history of Classical Greece - the experience of nonelite colonial…
populations. Using postcolonial critical methods to analyze Greek settlements and their hinterlands of the fifth and fourth centuries BC, he reconstructs the social and economic structures in which exploitation, violence, and subjugation were implicit. He mines literary sources and inscriptions, as well as archaeological and data from excavations and field surveys, much of it published here for the first time, that offer new insights into the lives and status of nonelite populations in Greek colonies. Zuchtriegel demonstrates that Greece's colonial experience has far-reaching implications beyond the study of archaeology and ancient history. As reflected in foundational texts such as Plato's 'Laws' and Aristotle's 'Politics', the ideology that sustained Greek colonialism is still felt in many Western societies.Cambridge World Archaeology: From Earliest Settlements to the Iron Age (Cambridge World Archaeology)
Par Antonio Sagona. 2018
In The Archaeology of the Caucasus, Antonio Sagona provides the first comprehensive survey of a key area in the Eurasian…
land mass, from the earliest settlement to the end of the early Iron Age. Examining the bewildering array of cultural complexes found in the region, he draws on both Soviet and post-Soviet investigations and synthesises the vast quantity of diverse and often fragmented evidence across the region's frontiers. Written in an engaging manner that balances material culture and theory, the volume focuses on the most significant sites and cultural traditions. Sagona also highlights the accomplishments of the Caucasian communities and situates them within the broader setting of their neighbours in Anatolia, Iran, and Russia. Sprinkled with new data, much of it published here for the first time, The Archaeology of the Caucasus contains many new photographs, drawings and plans, many of which have not been accessible to Western researchers.Imagining Head Smashed In: Aboriginal Buffalo Hunting on the Northern Plains
Par Jack W Brink. 2008
At the place known as Head-Smashed-In in southwestern Alberta, Aboriginal people practiced a form of group hunting for nearly 6,000…
years before European contact. The large communal bison traps of the Plains were the single greatest food-getting method ever developed in human history. Hunters, working with their knowledge of the land and of buffalo behaviour, drove their quarry over a cliff and into wooden corrals. The rest of the group butchered the kill in the camp below. Author Jack Brink, who devoted 25 years of his career to “The Jump,” has chronicled the cunning, danger, and triumph in the mass buffalo hunts and the culture they supported. He also recounts the excavation of the site and the development of the Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump Interpretive Centre, which has hosted 2 million visitors since it opened in 1987. Brink’s masterful blend of scholarship and public appeal is rare in any discipline, but especially in North American pre-contact archaeology.This edited volume presents current archaeological research and data from the major early Acheulean sites in East Africa and…
addresses three main areas of focus 1 the tempo and mode of technological changes that led to the emergence of the Acheulean in East Africa 2 new approaches to lithic collections including lithic technology analyses and 3 the debated coexistence of the Developed Oldowan and the early Acheulean The chapters are the proceedings from the workshop titled The Emergence of the Acheulean in East Africa held at University of Rome La Sapienza on September 12 13 2013 The aim of the workshop was to bring together researchers currently working in this field in East Africa in order to define the characteristics and the evolution of the early Acheulean The volume was expanded with some chapters on the preceding Oldowan on the African fauna and on paleovegetation on the Acheulean in Asia and eventually on the Acheulean in Europe The book is addressed to the scientific community and will be of interest to researchers graduate students archaeologists paleontologists and paleoanthropologists This volume is dedicated to the memory of Jean Chavaillon March 25 1925 - December 21 2013 the leading archaeologist and Quaternary geologist who researched with unfailing enthusiasm the earliest human cultures and directed from 1965 to 1995 the French Archaeological Mission at Melka KuntureThe Northern Black Sea in Antiquity: Networks, Connectivity, and Cultural Interactions
Par Valeriya Kozlovskaya. 2017
The Northern Black Sea region, despite its distance from the centers of classical civilizations, played an integral role in the…
socioeconomic life of the ancient Greco-Roman world. The chapters in this book, written by experts on the region, explore topics such as the trade, religion, political culture, art and architecture, and the local non-Greek populations, from the foundation of the first Greek colonies on the North Pontic shores at the end of the seventh and sixth century BCE through the first centuries of the Roman imperial period. This volume closely examines relevant categories of archaeological material, including amphorae, architectural remains, funerary and dedicatory monuments, inscriptions, and burial complexes. Geographically, it encompasses the coastal territories of modern Russia and Ukraine. The Northern Black Sea in Antiquity embraces an inclusive and comparative approach while discussing new archaeological evidence, offering fresh insights into familiar questions, and presenting original interpretations of well-known artifacts.The Material World of Ancient Egypt
Par William H. Peck. 2013
The Material World of Ancient Egypt examines the objects and artifacts, the representations in art, and the examples of documentation…
that together reveal the day-to-day physical substance of life in ancient Egypt. This book investigates how people dressed, what they ate, the houses they built, the games they played, and the tools they used, among many other aspects of daily life, paying great attention to the change and development of each area within the conservative Egyptian society. More than any other ancient civilization, the ancient Egyptians have left us with a wealth of evidence about their daily lives in the form of perishable objects, from leather sandals to feather fans, detailed depictions of trades and crafts on the walls of tombs, and a wide range of documentary evidence from temple inventories to personal laundry lists. Drawing on these diverse sources and richly illustrating his account with nearly one hundred images, William H. Peck illuminates the culture of the ancient Egyptians from the standpoint of the basic materials they employed to make life possible and perhaps even enjoyable.Protecting the Roman Empire: Fortlets, Frontiers, and the Quest for Post-Conquest Security
Par Matthew Symonds. 2017
The Roman army enjoys an enviable reputation as an instrument of waging war, but as the modern world reminds us,…
an enduring victory requires far more than simply winning battles. When it came to suppressing counterinsurgencies, or deterring the depredations of bandits, the army frequently deployed small groups of infantry and cavalry based in fortlets. This remarkable installation type has never previously been studied in detail, and shows a new side to the Roman army. Rather than displaying the aggressive uniformity for which the Roman military is famous, individual fortlets were usually bespoke installations tailored to local needs. Examining fortlet use in north-west Europe helps explain the differing designs of the Empire's most famous artificial frontier systems: Hadrian's Wall, the Antonine Wall, and the Upper German and Raetian limites. The archaeological evidence is fully integrated with documentary sources, which disclose the gritty reality of life in a Roman fortlet.Zooarchaeology in Practice
Par Christina M. Giovas, Michelle J. LeFebvre. 2018
Zooarchaeology in Practice advances the methodological discussion beyond its present strictures by addressing the development of analytically sound practices through…
a collection of seminal essays authored by leading figures in the field Offering a level of depth and breadth not readily found in the available literature this volume examines how zooarchaeological data and interpretation are shaped by its method of practice exploring the impact of these effects at all levels of zooarchaeological investigation Employing a geographically and taxonomically diverse set of case studies contributing authors provide instructive approaches to problems in traditional and emerging areas of methodological concern Readers from specialists to students will gain an extensive sophisticated look at important disciplinary issues sure to provoke critical reflection on the nature and importance of sound methodology With implications for how archaeologists reconstruct human behavior and paleoecology and broader relevance to fields such as paleontology and conservation biology Zooarchaeology in Practice makes an enduring contribution to the methodological advancement of the disciplineAfter Ethics: Ancestral Voices and Post-Disciplinary Worlds in Archaeology (Ethical Archaeologies: The Politics of Social Justice #3)
Par Alejandro Haber, Nick Shepherd. 2015
While books on archaeological and anthropological ethics have proliferated in recent years few attempt to move beyond a conventional…
discourse on ethics to consider how a discussion of the social and political implications of archaeological practice might be conceptualized differently The conceptual ideas about ethics posited in this volume make it of interest to readers outside of the discipline in fact to anyone interested in contemporary debates around the possibilities and limitations of a discourse on ethics The authors in this volume set out to do three things The first is to track the historical development of a discussion around ethics in tandem with the development and disciplining of archaeology The second is to examine the meanings consequences and efficacies of a discourse on ethics in contemporary worlds of practice in archaeology The third is to push beyond the language of ethics to consider other ways of framing a set of concerns around rights accountabilities and meanings in relation to practitioners descendent and affected communities sites material cultures the ancestors and so onThe Middle Ages in 50 Objects
Par Barbara H. Rosenwein, Elina Gertsman. 2018
The extraordinary array of images included in this volume reveals the full and rich history of the Middle Ages. Exploring…
material objects from the European, Byzantine, and Islamic worlds, the book casts a new light on the cultures that formed them, each culture illuminated by its treasures. The objects are divided among four topics: The Holy and the Faithful; The Sinful and the Spectral; Daily Life and Its Fictions; and Death and Its Aftermath. Each section is organized chronologically, and every object is accompanied by a penetrating essay that focuses on its visual and cultural significance within the wider context in which the object was made and used. Spot maps add yet another way to visualize and consider the significance of the objects and the history that they reveal. Lavishly illustrated, this is an appealing and original guide to the cultural history of the Middle Ages.