Résultats de recherche de titre
Articles 22161 à 22180 sur 59667
National Character: A Psycho-Social Perspective
Par Alex Inkeles. 1996
Seen in modern perspective, the concept of national character poses fundamental problems for social science theory and research: To what…
extent do conditions of life in a particular society give rise to certain patterns in the personalities of its members? What are the consequences?Alex Inkeles surveys various definitions of national character, tracing developments through the twentieth century. His approach is to examine the regularity of specific personality patterns among individuals in a society. He argues that modal personality may be extremely important in determining which new cultural elements are accepted and which institutional forms persist in a society. Reviewing previous studies, Inkeles canvasses the attitudes and psychological states of different nations in an effort to discover a set of values in the United States. He concludes that, despite recent advances in the field, there is much to be done before we can have a clear picture of the degree of differentiation in the personality structure of modern nations.Until now, there were few formal definitions and discussions on national character and the limits of this field of study. This book will be of great interest to psychologists, sociologists, philosophers, and political theorists.dipus Iokaste Laios Antigone Elektra oder Adonis diese und viele andere Vertreter…
der griechischen Mythologie werden seit Sigmund Freud als Namensgeber f r Komplexe Syndrome oder Theorien der Psychoanalyse verwendet Manche dieser Begriffe sind nach wie vor fest im psychiatrischen psychologischen oder sonstigen psychotherapeutischen Sprachgebrauch verankert manchmal reichen sie gar bis in die Alltagssprache hinein Kenner sind sich einig dass die griechische Mythologie die Psychoanalyse geradezu ern hrt Der Autor dieses Buches begibt sich als Psychiater und profunder Kenner der griechischen Mythologie auf eine spannende Spurensuche um der Beziehung zwischen Psychoanalyse und griechischem Mythos einmal richtig auf den Grund zu gehen Beziehen sich die Sch pfer eines psychoanalytischen Komplexes beginnend bei Sigmund Freud eigentlich berechtigterweise auf den namensgebenden griechischen Mythos Oder haben sie diesen eventuell angepasst oder gar gebeugt um ihn mit der kreierten Theorie kompatibel zu machen Interessierte an Psychotherapie und griechischer Mythologie finden hier eine unterhaltsam lesbare manchmal humorvolle und pers nliche in jedem Fall lehrreiche Lekt re jenseits trockener Fachliteratur und hoffentlich so manches Heureka-ErlebnisMemorials Matter: Emotion, Environment, and Public Memory at American Historical Sites
Par Jennifer K. Ladino. 2019
Jennifer Ladino investigates the natural and physical environments of seven diverse National Park Service (NPS) sites in the American West…
and how they influence emotions about historical conflict and national identity. Chapters center around the region's diverse inhabitants and the variously traumatic histories these groups endured--histories of oppression, exploitation, incarceration, slavery, and genocide.The New Psychology of Leadership: Identity, Influence and Power
Par S. Alexander Haslam, Michael J. Platow, Stephen D. Reicher. 2021
This ground-breaking book provides a refreshing introduction to the field of leadership and is jam-packed with theoretical and practical insights…
derived from a wealth of applied scientific research conducted by the authors and their colleagues around the world over the last three decades. It starts from the premise that leadership is never just about leaders. Instead it is about leaders and followers who are joined together as members of a social group that provides them with a sense of shared social identity — a sense of ‘us-ness’. In these terms, leadership is understood as the process through which leaders work with followers to create, represent, advance, and embed this sense of shared social identity. The new edition of this award-winning book presents a wealth of evidence from historical, organizational, political and sporting contexts to provide an expanded exploration of these processes of identity leadership in action. In particular, it builds upon the success of the first edition by examining the operation of identity leadership in contemporary society and fleshing out practical answers to key organizational and institutional challenges. Drawing on real-world examples and rich data sources, this book will appeal to academics, researchers and students of psychology, business and management, as well as to practitioners, policy makers and anyone interested in the workings of leadership, influence and power.Compliance With Treatment In Schizophrenia (Maudsley Series)
Par Alec Buchanan. 1996
There is a myth that people with mental disorders comply poorly with treatment. In fact, psychiatric patients are no more…
likely than patients in other medical specialities to go against the advice of their doctor. That said, it is easy to find instances where psychotropic medication is refused by the supposed beneficiary. The value of neuroleptic treatment in schizophrenia is now widely accepted. Failure to take such treatment is associated with relapse and relapse may endanger the patient and other people. Despite this, people with schizophrenia frequently fail to take their treatment. This study shows that one third can be expected to be non-compliant within two years of leaving a general adult psychiatry ward. It also looks at the reasons for this: the influence of drug side-effects is examined, as well as the impact of each patient's attitude to treatment and whether or not they have stopped taking prescribed medication in the past.Human Spatial Cognition and Experience: Mind in the World, World in the Mind
Par Toru Ishikawa. 2021
This book offers students an introduction to human spatial cognition and experience and is designed for graduate and advanced undergraduate…
students who are interested in the study of maps in the head and the psychology of space. We live in space and space surrounds us. We interact with space all the time, consciously or unconsciously, and make decisions and actions based on our perceptions of that space. Have you ever wondered how some people navigate perfectly using maps in their heads while other people get lost even with a physical map? What do you mean when you say you have a poor "sense of direction"? How do we know where we are? How do we use and represent information about space? This book clarifies that our knowledge and feelings emerge as a consequence of our interactions with the surrounding space, and show that the knowledge and feelings direct, guide, or limit our spatial behavior and experience. Space matters, or more specifically space we perceive matters. Research into spatial cognition and experience, asking fundamental questions about how and why space and spatiality matters to humans, has thus attracted attention. It is no coincidence that the 2014 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded for research into a positioning system in the brain or "inner GPS" and that spatial information and technology are recognized as an important social infrastructure in recent years. This is the first book aimed at graduate and advanced undergraduate students pursuing this fascinating area of research. The content introduces the reader to the field of spatial cognition and experience with a series of chapters covering theoretical, empirical, and practical issues, including cognitive maps, spatial orientation, spatial ability and thinking, geospatial information, navigation assistance, and environmental aesthetics.Damaged Life: The Crisis of the Modern Psyche (Psychology Revivals)
Par Tod Sloan. 1996
What are the psychological problems caused by modernization? How can we minimize its negative effects? Modernization has brought many material…
benefits to us, yet we are constantly told how unhappy we are: crime, divorce, suicide, depression and anxiety are rampant. How can this contradiction be reconciled? Damaged Life, originally published in 1996, presents a powerful and progressive analysis of modernity’s impact on the psyche. Tod Sloan develops an integrated theory of the self in society by combining perspectives on personality development and socio-historical processes to explore our complex response to modernization. He discusses the implications of postmodern theory for psychology and proposes concrete responses to address the issue of mass emotional suffering. His book should be read not only by those working within psychology and related disciplines such as sociology and social policy, but also by anyone seeking enlightenment about the predicament of the self in contemporary society.Transformations: Countertransference During the Psychoanalytic Treatment of Incest, Real and Imagined
Par Elaine V. Siegel. 1996
In recent years, memories and reconstructions of incestuous child abuse have become common features of psychoanalytic treatment. Among some clinicians, such…
abuse is suspected even when there is little evidence. How does the analyst distinguish between incest real and imagined, and how do recovered memories of incest affect the analyst? In this poignant and beautifully written study, Elaine Siegel brings new insights to bear on these timely questions. An inveterate note taker, she discloses the countertransferential ruminations and associations to the occurrence of incest at various stages during the treatment process over the course of 30 years of clinical work. The manner in which her "analytic instrument" evolved and was shaped by her analysands' stories makes for a fascinating subtext in a book that addresses itself to the differences and similarities during treatment of real and imagined incestuous abuse. Among the powrfully disturbing clinical cases at the heart of this study are two reports detailing the lengthy analyses of women who found corroboration for multigenerational incest. Siegel also presents two cases in which patients retracted their claims of incest toward the end of their treatments. Through the medium of these and other reports, Siegel explores how psychoanalysts are struggling both to understand incestuous abuse and to accomodate their treatment techniques to shifting societal perspectives.The argument of this book is that the divide between psychiatry and religion is an artificial one and that there…
is much room for understanding the same phenomena from different perspectives. In it thirteen senior mental health professionals and pastoral workers come together to explore what their different philosophies have to offer each other for the benefit of the individuals in their care. The book as a whole: * sets the relationship between psychiatry and religion in historical context * provides detailed information about specific religions and the significance of their belief systems for mental health management * examines the relationship between psychopathology, psychiatry and religion.Psychological research into human cognition and judgment reveals a wide range of biases and shortcomings. Whether we form impressions of…
other people, recall episodes from memory, report our attitudes in an opinion poll, or make important decisions, we often get it wrong. The errors made are not trivial and often seem to violate common sense and basic logic. A closer look at the underlying processes, however, suggests that many of the well known fallacies do not necessarily reflect inherent shortcomings of human judgment. Rather, they partially reflect that research participants bring the tacit assumptions that govern the conduct of conversation in daily life to the research situation. According to these assumptions, communicated information comes with a guarantee of relevance and listeners are entitled to assume that the speaker tries to be informative, truthful, relevant, and clear. Moreover, listeners interpret the speakers' utterances on the assumption that they are trying to live up to these ideals. This book introduces social science researchers to the "logic of conversation" developed by Paul Grice, a philosopher of language, who proposed the cooperative principle and a set of maxims on which conversationalists implicitly rely. The author applies this framework to a wide range of topics, including research on person perception, decision making, and the emergence of context effects in attitude measurement and public opinion research. Experimental studies reveal that the biases generally seen in such research are, in part, a function of violations of Gricean conversational norms. The author discusses implications for the design of experiments and questionnaires and addresses the socially contextualized nature of human judgment.Pregnancy and Abortion Counselling
Par Joanna Brien, Ida Fairbairn. 1996
Pregnancy and Abortion Counselling is written for professionals who give information and support to women deciding whether to terminate or…
continue with their pregnancy. The authors provide a comprehensive review of the social, moral and legal issues surrounding contraception and abortion and offer clear guidelines for establishing good practice. Illustrated throughout with case examples the book includes detailed information on * current legislation * methods of abortion * stages of foetal development * screening for foetal abnormality * client confidentiality and consent * ethical considerations This book is relevant to many health professionals, including doctors, health visitors, midwives and nurses as well as those involved in community work and counselling.Drug Abuse and Social Policy in America: The War That Must Be Won
Par Barry Stimmel. 1996
Illicit drugs, despite the “war” waged by the United States government, remain a tremendous drain on the American economy and…
continue to take their toll on the lives of countless Americans. A comprehensive text with an instructor's manual, Drug Abuse and Social Policy in America analyzes why current US policy on the use of licit and illicit mood-altering drugs has failed. This groundbreaking book addresses differences between decriminalization, legalization, and “zero tolerance”--areas and philosophies that are poorly understood--and suggests a multipronged approach to diminish inappropriate drug use. Physicians, health care providers, teachers, law enforcement officers, policymakers, social service providers, and students of public policy and health will gain a better understanding of substance abuse as a societal problem, rather than an individual problem, and see that the billions of dollars spent on law enforcement would be better spent on education, prevention, treatment, and providing alternatives to drug use.Currently the leading risk factor associated with the transmission of HIV, illicit drugs continue to destroy the fabric of life in many inner-city communities. Yet, drugs are a problem for Americans from every corner of society, from suburban teenagers to pro athletes to homeless people. Author Barry Stimmel demonstrates in Drug Abuse and Social Policy in America that the drug problem is not being addressed adequately because of a lack of commitment from the majority of Americans and government leaders. The issues Drug Abuse and Social Policy in America asks readers to confront include:Why do we provide insufficient treatment facilities and incarcerate users, yet wonder why more prison space is needed?Why do we readily agree to build more prisons rather than community centers that provide alternatives for youths?Why are we concerned with teenage smoking and drinking, yet allow advertising of these substances?Why do we advocate rehabilitation, but not hire people in recovery?Why do we ask pregnant women with drug problems to seek help, then try to take custody of their children rather than provide social support while they receive treatment?Drug Abuse and Social Policy in America challenges academics, practitioners, and future social service providers and policymakers to rethink their entire conception of the problem of substance abuse in America with a cutting question: “Have we made any substantial progress in diminishing the sue of nicotine, the excessive consumption of alcohol, or the inappropriate use of prescription drugs, all of which are responsible for more illnesses and societal costs than all illicit drugs combined?” Identifying this as the place where all efforts to curb drug use must start, Drug Abuse and Social Policy in America offers readers many ways that individuals, communities, organizations, and society can take action and be more effective in convincing both those who consume drugs and those who profit from their sale that their actions are inappropriate and unacceptable.Disorienting Sexuality: Psychoanalytic Reappraisals of Sexual Identities
Par Thomas Domenici, Ronnie C. Lesser. 1996
Disorienting Sexuality exposes the biases against gay men and lesbians in psychoanalytic theory and practice. In the introduction, Domenici and…
Lesser draw a brief history of anti-homosexual sentiment in psychoanalysis. The book then moves into essays written by lesbian and gay psychoanalysts seeking to have a voice in the reshaping of psychoanalytic theories of sexuality. The second section is devoted to presenting different theoretical perspectives for understanding both homosexuality and heterosexuality. Disorienting Sexuality concludes with the personal narratives of gay and lesbian psychoanalysts.This anthology responds to the recurring call for quality in home care service provision. It presents to agency administrators, managers,…
supervisors, and front line service providers a set of the most up-to-date policy, program, and practice developments in the field. Each contributor to New Developments in Home Care Services for the Elderly explores issues of client/staff diversity and the challenges associated with working with clients grappling with disabling conditions.Contributors in New Developments in Home Care Services for the Elderly explore issues of client/staff diversity and the challenges associated with working with clients grappling with various disabling conditions. Topics addressed include: alternative organizational models in home care the importation of high technology services into the home legal and ethical issues in home health care counseling homebound clients and their families clinical assessment tools and packages case management and the home care client home care entitlements and benefits evaluating and monitoring the effectiveness of in-home care marketing home health care services home care service experiences in other countriesNew Developments in Home Care Services for the elderly covers a continuum of care ranging from housekeeping services to self-care education, teaching, and training services to nursing and medically related services. Consequently, the information contained within this volume is of immediate relevance to a multidisciplinary audience having both direct (field) and indirect (office) service responsibilities in the home care organization. Social workers, nurses, business administrators, and public health professionals will find this an invaluable guide for providing effective home care services.Brainstorm: The Power and Purpose of the Teenage Brain
Par Daniel J. Siegel. 2013
Between the ages of 12 and 24, the brain changes in important, and oftentimes maddening, ways. It’s no wonder that…
many parents approach their child’s adolescence with fear and trepidation. According to renowned neuropsychiatrist Daniel Siegel's New York Times bestseller Brainstorm, if parents and teens can work together to form a deeper understanding of the brain science behind all the tumult, they will be able to turn conflict into connection and form a deeper understanding of one another. In Brainstorm, Siegel illuminates how brain development impacts teenagers’ behavior and relationships. Drawing on important new research in the field of interpersonal neurobiology, he explores exciting ways in which understanding how the teenage brain functions can help parents make what is in fact an incredibly positive period of growth, change, and experimentation in their children’s lives less lonely and distressing on both sides of the generational divide.Place to Shine, A: Bringing Special Gifts To Light
Par Arden Hills, Daniel S Hanson. 1996
Ethical Issues in Mental Health Research With Children and Adolescents
Par Kimberly Hoagwood, Peter S. Jensen, Celia B. Fisher. 1996
Studies involving children with mental, emotional, or behavioral problems--or their families--have to meet certain standards of research ethics. This book…
contains chapters on the kinds of ethical dilemmas that typically occur in different types of studies of children, and then presents 65 real-world cases from experts who study children's mental health. These experts offer practical suggestions for how to handle these dilemmas. Chapters on the perspectives of parents, regulators, and bioethicists provide additional points of view on these issues. Written in down-to-earth language, this book will be useful for professionals who study children, for those who train students in research methods, and for parents who are thinking about participating in research studies. In attempting to bridge the apparent gap between ethics and science, the editors close this volume on a note commonly sounded by researchers: more research is needed. Yet in this area, a new kind of research is required. The science of scientific ethics must be developed and expanded, and better understanding of the determinants and circumstances under which children can comprehend and evaluate risks and benefits is needed. Likewise, fuller knowledge of the contextual factors affecting children's and families' consent to participate in research is essential. In particular, development of scales to assess children's ability to comprehend risk-benefit issues, studies of families' reactions to research procedures, and empirical data on the impact of various forms of participant reimbursement will advance both science and ethics. This volume should spur further research, serving as a guide for current investigators, participating families, institutional review boards, and policymakers who shape the research enterprise.Support Groups: Current Perspectives on Theory and Practice
Par Janice H Schopler, Maeda J Galinsky. 1996
Support Groups: Current Perspectives on Theory and Practice provides a framework for understanding and examining supportive group interventions. It provides…
descriptions of different kinds of support groups and alerts practitioners and educators to the factors they should consider in planning, implementing, and evaluating support group services. The book also offers guidance in using innovative approaches to providing support services through computer groups and telephone groups.Human service professionals and social work educators, practitioners, and students will find these topics covered in Support Groups: evaluation of support groups a support group model guidelines for support group practice innovative use of support groups issues in support group practiceThe purpose of this book is to examine state-of-the-art support group practice. Support groups are conceived as the center of a continuum of supportive group interventions, overlapping with self-help groups at one end and treatment groups at the other. The chapters are placed within the context of the open systems model developed by the editors. This model provides a framework for understanding factors that affect support groups, for guiding intervention, and for evaluating their outcomes.Sex Offender Treatment: Biological Dysfunction, Intrapsychic Conflict, Interpersonal Violence
Par Edmond J Coleman, Margretta Dwyer. 1996
Sex Offender Treatment: Biological Dysfunction, Intrapsychic Conflict, Interpersonal Violence assists sex therapists, counselors, psychiatrists, and psychologists working in sex offender…
treatment in providing more effective services. You’ll gain timely knowledge of sex offending behavior and treatment approaches that will stimulate your thinking and help you improve your research and treatment methodologies. From Sex Offender Treatment, you’ll acquire valuable insight and a cross-cultural viewpoint as you explore chapters written by international scholars who have set the standards of care for sex offender treatment. Contributors aim to improve the effectiveness of sex offender treatment throughout the world by challenging you to conduct more research that will provide a better understanding of sex offenders and improve treatment approaches. Authors presented their contributions at the Third International Congress on the Treatment of Sex Offenders held in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The book begins with a Standards of Care for the Treatment of Sex Offenders. This guides you in increasing the effectiveness of the treatment you provide to sex offenders. The Standards of Care helps you analyze new data and gain a basis for successful sex offender treatment. Following chapters probe into the nature of interpersonal violence and aggression and a further understanding of pedophilia and exhibitionism. You will begin to more thoroughly understand sex offending behavior as you read about: motives contributing to sexual aggression and the confluence model of sexual aggression the background and clinical characteristics of paraphilic individuals and sex offenders a case study of sex offenders, victims, and their families the “abuse to abuser hypothesis” in regard to pedaphilia assessment, psychosexual profiling, and treatment of exhibitionist behavior the treatment of sex offenders with mental retardation the relationship between sex offender treatment success and learning difficulties incest offender perceptions of treatment as used to generate an explanatory theory of the sexual abuse treatment process.Chapters in Sex Offender Treatment emphasize the importance of good assessment techniques, issues affecting victims and families of sex offenders, why treatment does not work for some sex offenders, medical problems associated with sex offenders, and working with special populations of sex offenders. Counselors, researchers, educators, sex offender treatment personnel, forensic psychologists and psychiatrists, and sex therapists will find Sex Offender Treatment crucial for gaining insight into sex offenders’motives and behaviors. You can then use these perspectives to more effectively interact with sex offenders and to more accurately analyze sex offending behavior.The association between parents' behaviour and children's cognitive development is at the meeting place of several prominent theories of psychological…
development and a range of complex methodological and conceptual issues. On the one hand there are theories which argue that the impetus of development is within the child and is largely unaffected by his or her experience of social interaction: on the other are the commonsense experience of parents and educators, and the body of neo-Vygotskian theory, which would see the child's development as profoundly affected by social interaction or even constituted by it. The purpose of this book is to examine theories and evidence carefully in order to assess the causal links between parent behaviour and children's cognitive development.There is a considerable amount of evidence that suggests an association between parents' behaviour and their children's cognitive development; but there are many possible explanations for this association, including direct effects of parental teaching styles on the children's learning and motivation, differential social class practices and opportunities, genetic resemblances, and methodological artifacts. A close and critical look at a wide range of research and of theory is necessary if the causal questions are to be clarified.This book develops the current arguments about the nature and causes of cognitive development, providing a critical discussion of the available research and relating it to psychological theory. It is suitable for advanced students of psychology and education.